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ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. PRZEMYSL, pzbem/-isl, a t. of Austrian Galicia, cap. of a circle of the same name. Lat. 49° 48' N., Lon. 22° 53' E. Pop. 7,800. (P. C.)

PSKOF (Pskow), a decayed archiepiscopal city of European Russia, cap. of a gov. of the same name, on a river which flows into L. Pskof. This town, which holds so conspicuous a place in the history of Russia, has now a pop. of only 12,000. Lat. 57° 48' N., Lon. 28° 20′ E. PUEBLA. See LA PUEBLA.

PUERTO PRINCIPE, pwR/-to prin'-se-på, or PORTO DEL PRINCIPE, i.e. "the Prince's Port," an inland t. of Cuba, 350 E. S. E. of Havana. It has a pop. of 49,000, but its appearance is anything but inviting, the streets being narrow, crooked, and extremely dirty. (B.) Nuevitas (nwa-veel-tas), the port of the above town, on the N. coast of Cuba, appears formerly to have been called Puerto Principe.

PU-LAS-KI, a co. in the S. S. W. part of Va., intersected by the Great Kanawha r. Pop. 3,739.

PULASKI, a co. in the S. central part of Ga., intersected by the Ocmulgee. Pop. 5,389. Co. t. Hawkinsville.

PULASKI, in the E. central part of Ark., intersected by the Arkansas r. Pop. 5,350. Co. t. Little Rock.

PULASKI, a co. in the S. E. part of Ky., N. of, and bordering on the Cumberland r. Pop. 9,620. Co. t. Somerset.

PULASKI, a co. in the N. W. part of Ind., a little N. W. of the Wabash and Erie Canal. Pop. 561.

PULASKI, a co. in the S. central part of Mo., intersected by the Gasconade r. Pop. 6,529. Co. t. Waynesville.

PUNJAB. See LAHORE.

PUT-NAM, a co. in the S. E. part of N. Y., E. of, and bordering on the Hudson. Pop. 12,825. Co. t. Carmel.

PUTNAM, a co. in the N. E. central part of Ga., bordering on the Oconee. Pop. 10,260. Co. t. Eatonton.

PUTNAM, a co. in the N.W. part of Ohio, on the Miami Canal. Pop. 5,189. Co. t. Kalida.

PUTNAM, a co. in the W. part of Ind., a little E. of the Wabash r. Pop. 16,843. Co. t. Green Castle.

PUTNAM, a co. in the N. part of Ill., intersected by the Illinois r. Pop. 2,131. Co. t. Hennepin.

PUY, LE, leh pwee, a manufacturing t. of France, cap. of the dep. of Upper Loire, situated not far from the left bank of the r. Loire. It has a royal college and some other literary institutions. Lat. 45° 2' N., Lon. 3° 52′ E. Pop. 14,738. (B.)

PUY DE DÔME, pwee d'dôme, a dep. in the S. central part of France, intersected by the r. Allier. Pop. 589,433. (B.) Capital, Clermont. PYR-EN-EES (Anc. Pyrenæ/i Mon'tes), a chain of mountains in the S. W. part of Europe, which extends from the Mediterranean to the Bay of Biscay, constituting a natural barrier between France and Spain. The Pic de Néthou (peek d'nå`-too') of Mount Maladetta, the highest summit in the whole chain, has an elevation of 11,318 ft. above the level of the sea. Mount Maladetta is in about 42° 37' N. Lat., and 0° 45′ E. Lon.

PYRENEES, EASTERN (Fr. Pyrénées Orientales, pe`-rà'-nà/ zo`-re'

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pîn; nỏ, nôt; ŏõ as in good; ån-tål), a dep. forming the S. extremity of France, bordering on the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean. Pop. 164,325. (B.) Capital, Perpignan.

PYRENEES, LOWER (Fr. Basses Pyrénées, båss pe`-Ra'-nà), a dep. forming the S. W. extremity of France. Pop. 446,398. (B.) Capital, Pau.

PYRENEES, UPPER (Fr. Hautes Pyrénées, ote pe'-rà`-nå), a dep. in the S. W. part of France, E. of, and bordering on the above. Pop. 244,170. (B.) Capital, Tarbes.

QUE-BEC (Fr. Québec, ka`-bek'), a city and fortress of Canada, formerly the cap. of the British possessions in America, is situated on the left bank of the St. Lawrence, where it receives the St. Charles, about 400 m. from its mouth. It occupies the extremity of a ridge, terminating at the junction of the two rivers, which rises near 340 ft. above the surface of the water. On the summit of this promontory stands the citadel, and the town extends from it down to the water's edge. The commanding position of the city, together with its vast and beautiful harbour, presents, at a distance, a picturesque and magnificent view to the approaching spectator. The town itself, however, is not very attractive; the streets are narrow and irregular, those in the lower portions are dirty and confined. Quebec is strongly fortified, and has been justly called the Gibraltar of America. Among the numerous literary institutions of this town, we may name the French College, and the Public Library, which contains upwards of 6,000 vols. of valuable and standard works. Quebec is situated on the St. Lawrence, above the island of Orleans, where the river suddenly contracts, and is said to take its name from Kebec, an Indian word, signifying "narrow." Lat. 46° 47' 30" N., Lon. 71° 10′ W. Pop. above 30,000. (B.)

QUED-LIN-BURG (Ger. pron. qued'-lin-boōRG,), a t. of Prussian Saxony, on a tributary of the Saale, 32 m. S. W. of Magdeburg. It was the birth-place of the celebrated German poet Klopstock. Lat. 51° 48' N., Lon. 11° 8 E. Pop. 13,000. (B.)

QUEEN ANNE, a co. in the N. E. part of Md., E. of, and bordering on the Chesapeake. Pop. 12,633. Co. t. Centreville.

QUEEN'S COUNTY, a co. in the S. E. central part of Ireland, prov. of Leinster, S. W. of Dublin. Pop. in 1831, 145,851. (P. C.)

QUEENS, a co. of N. Y., on Long Island. Pop. 30,324. Co. t. North Hempstead.

QUEN-TIN, SAINT, (Fr. pron. sân kẳn`-tân'; Anc. Augus'ta Veromanduo/rum,) a manufacturing t. in the N. of France, in the dep. of Aisne, on the r. Somme. Lat. 49° 51' N., Lon. 3° 18' E. Pop. 19,892. (M.)

QUERETARO, kêr-à-tå-ro, one of the handsomest towns of Mexico, cap. of a state of the same name, situated at an elevation of more than 6,000 ft. above the level of the sea. Lat. 20° 37' N., Lon. 100° 10' W. Pop., including the suburbs, between 30,000 and 40,000. (P. C.)

QUILIMANE, ke-le-mål-nå, written also QUILIMANCY, a r. in the E. of Africa, which flows into the Indian Ocean near 3° S. Lat.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

QUILLOTA, keel-yo'-tå, a t. of S. America, in Chili, on a r. of the same name, remarkable for its rich mines of copper. Lat. 32° 55′ S., Lon. 71° 15′ W.

QUILOA, keel-lo-å, formerly the cap. of a considerable kingdom on the E. coast of Africa, but now a miserable village. Lat. near 9° S., Lon. 39° 30′ E.

QUIMPER, kaм'-parel, or QUIMPER CORENTIN (ko`-rån`-tân'), a t. in the W. of France, cap. of the dep. Finistère, on the river Odet (o'-dà'), which here becomes navigable. Lat. 47° 58′ 30′′ N., Lon. 4° 6′ W. Pop. 9,715. (B.)

QUITO, kee/-to, a noted city of S. America, cap. of the republic of Ecuador, situated 9,500 ft. above the sea. The houses are usually but one story high, on account of the frequent earthquakes. Quito ranks high among the Spanish American cities, as a place of education; its university is especially celebrated. Lat. 0° 13' S., Lon. 78° 45′ W. Pop. uncertain; but it probably amounts to near 70,000. (B.) QUORRA. See NIGER.

RAAB, rååb, (Hung. Györ, dyöR,) an ancient t. of Hungary, near the junction of the r. Raab with the Danube. It contains, besides other institutions, an academy, which is a sort of university. Pop. 14,000. (B.) Lat. 47° 41′ N., Lon. 17° 40′ E.

RA-BUN, a co. forming the N. E. extremity of Ga. Pop. 1,912. Co. t. Clayton.

RACINE, ras-seen', a co. forming the S. E. extremity of Wisconsin. Pop. 3,475.

RAD-NOR, a co. in the W. of Wales, on the r. Wyo, near its source. Pop. 25,356.

RAGUSA, rå-goo-så, or RAUGIA, rå/-oo-ja, (in Slavonian, Dubrownik, doo-brov/-nik), a fortified seaport t. of Dalmatia, formerly the cap. of the republic of this name, now the cap. of the circle of Ragusa, is situated on a peninsula in the Adriatic. Though this town has greatly declined from the prosperity which it enjoyed in the 16th century, when it is said to have had a population of 30,000 (P. C.), it is still important on account of its commerce and its fortifications. Lat. 42° 39′ N., Lon. 18° 6' E. Pop. near 6,000. (B.)—Adj. and inhab. RAGUSAN, rå-goo'-san.

RAJPOOTANA, råj-poo-tå'-na, or RAJASTHAN, rå -ja-stån', (i. e. the "country of princes,") an extensive territory of Hindostan, between 23° 30′ and 31° N. Lat., and 70° and 78 E. Lon. The greater part of this country is divided among the Rajpoot (råj-poot') princes, who are under the protection of Great Britain.

RALEIGH, rau/-le, the cap. of N. C., and the seat of justice of Wake co., situated on Neuse r., near the centre of the state. Lat. 35° 47′ N., Lon. 78° 48′ W. Pop. 2,244.

RALLS, a co. in the N. E. or E. N. E. part of Mo., bordering on the Mississippi r. Pop. 5,670. Co. t. New London.

RAMS-GATE, a seaport t. and watering-place of England, in Kent, on

Fate, får, fall, fat; mẻ, mét; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nốt ; öõ, as in good ;

the E. coast of the i. of Thanet, 65 m. E. S. E. of London. Lat. 51° 20 N., Lon. 1° 24' E. Pop. 10,909.

RAN-DOLPH, a co. in the N. part of Va., on the sources of the Monongahela. Pop. 6,208. Co. t. Beverly.

RANDOLPH, a co. in the W. central part of N. C., a little E. of the Yadkin. Pop. 12,875. Co. t. Ashboro.

RANDOLPH, & co. in the S. W. part of Ga., bordering on the Chattahoochee r. Pop. 8,276. Co. t. Cuthbert.

RANDOLPH, a co. in the E. N. E. part of Ala., bordering on Ga. Pop. 4,973.

RANDOLPH, a co. in the E. part of Ind., bordering on Ohio. Pop. 10,684. Co. t. Winchester.

RANDOLPH, a co. in the S. W. part of Ill., bordering on the Mississippi, at the mouth of the Kaskaskia r.

Pop. 7,944.

RANDOLPH, a co. in the N. central part of Mo., a little N. E. of the Missouri r. Pop. 7,198. Co. t. Huntsville.

RANDOLPH, a co. in the N. E. part of Ark., bordering on Mo. Pop. 2,196.

RANGOON, rang-goon', a t. and river port, and the principal entrepôt for foreign trade in the Birman empire, is situated in the prov. of Pegu, on the Rangoon r., one of the arms of the Irrawaddy, about 26 m. from the sea. Lat. 16° 45′ N., Lon. 96° 20′ E. Pop. estimated at 14,000. (B.)

RAN-KIN, a co. in the S. W. central part of Miss., bordering on Pearl r. Pop. 4,631. Co. t. Brandon.

RAPIDES, rap-eed', a parish in the N. W. central part of La., intersected by the Red r. Pop. 14,132. Co. t. Alexandria,

RAP`-PA-HAN-NOCK, a r. in the E. part of Va., flowing into Chesapeake Bay. Length estimated at 150 m. It is navigable, for vessels drawing 10 ft. water, to Fredericksburg, about 110 m. from its mouth. RAPPAHANNOCK, a co. in the N. E. part of Va., on the sources of the above r. Pop. 9,257.

RARITAN OF RARITON, rår/-e-ton, a r. in the N. part of N. J., flowing into Raritan Bay. Boats of 80 tons can ascend to Brunswick, 17 m. RARITAN BAY, at the mouth of the above r., is situated between Staten Island and Monmouth co., in N. J.

RASTADT, rås-tått, a t. of Germany, in the grand-duchy of Baden, cap. of the circle of the Middle Rhine, on the Murg (mooRG), not far from the Rhine, 13 m. S. W. of Carlesruhe. Pop. 5,600. (B.)

RAT-IS-BON, (Ger. Regensburg, rà'-gens-bõõrg; Anc. Regi'num, or Castra Re/gia, afterwards Augus'ta Tiberii,) a noted city of Germany, in Bavaria, cap. of the circle of Regen (ra'-Gen), on the Danube, which is here crossed by a stone bridge, 1,100 ft. in length; it is irregularly built, and has rather a gloomy appearance. The most remarkable building is, perhaps, the Town House, (Rathhaus, rååt/-house,) in which the German Diet held its assemblies, from 1662 until its dissolution in 1806. Among the various manufactures, that of beer is much cele

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. brated. Lat. 49° 1' N., Lon. 12° 6' E. Pop. 26,000. (B.) The P. C. gives 21,000.

RAV-EN-NA or rå-ven'-nå, an archiepiscopal t. of Italy, in the Papal state, cap. of a prov. of the same name, situated about 4 m. from the Adriatic, and 43 m. E. S. E. of Bologna. This town, so flourishing in the time of the Romans, and so populous in the 6th and 7th centuries, when it was the residence of the Exarchs, who governed Italy in the name of the Byzantine emperors, contains, at present, only about 16,000 inhabitants. (B.) It is now chiefly remarkable for its architectural remains, and for containing the tomb of the immortal Dante. Lat. 44° 25' N., Lon. 12° 11' E.

RAY, a co. in the N. W. part of Mo., bordering on the Mississippi r. Pop. 6,553. Co. t. Richmond.

READING, red'-ing, a t. of England, cap. of Berkshire, on the Kennet, near its junction with the Thames, 38 m. W. of London. Pop. of the borough, with an area of about 3 sq. m., 18,937.

READING, a flourishing t. of Pa., cap. of Berks co., on the Schuylkill, about 45 m. in a direct line W. N. W. of Philadelphia. It is very advantageously situated for trade, being on the Schuylkill Canal, where it is joined by the Union Canal, and having, besides, communication with Philadelphia and Pottsville, by a good railroad. Pop. 8,410.

RED RIVER, one of the larger affluents of the Mississippi, which rises in the mountains in the N. part of Texas, near 35° N. Lat., and 104° W. Lon., and, flowing at first easterly and afterwards south-easterly, joins the "Great River," in Louisiana, in about 31° N. Lat., and 91° 50 W. Lon. Its whole length is estimated at above 1,200 m. The navigation is impeded in several places by trees, which have floated down in great numbers and choked up the channel.

REDRUTH, red/-rúth, a small t. of England, in Cornwall, important on account of its extensive copper and tin mines. Lat. 50° 14' N., Lon. 5° 12′ W.

RED SEA, called also the ARABIAN GULF, a large inlet or bay, communicating with the Indian Ocean by the strait of Babel-Mandel and the Gulf of Aden, and extending from 12° 40' to 30° N. Lat., and from 32° 20' to 43° 30′ E. Lon. Length, about 1,400 m.; greatest breadth, above 200 m.

REE, rà, a lake in the central part of Ireland, 17 m. in length, and perhaps 6 m. in its greatest breadth.

REGGIO, red-jo, (Anc. Rhe/gium,) an archiepiscopal t. of Naples, cap. of Calabria Ultra, at the S. extremity of the Italian peninsula, on the strait of Messina. Rhegium was, at an early period, one of the most flourishing commercial cities of Magna Grecia, in the S. of Italy, and is said to have been founded about 700 years before the Christian era. This town has experienced great vicissitudes of fortune, both in ancient and modern times. In the 16th century, it was thrice taken and pillaged by the Turks. The earthquake of 1793 destroyed Reggio so completely, that not a single building remained entire. It has, how

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