Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mê, met; pine or pine, pln; nò, nỗt; õõ, as in good, dish capital, may be mentioned the Royal Palace, which has great architectural beauty, and contains a library, a collection of paintings and antiquities; and the Church of Riddarholm, which contains the trophies of Sweden, and in which the Swedish kings and other distinguished persons are buried. Stockholm possesses an academy of sciences, with an observatory and an extensive library; an academy of belles lettres, history and antiquities; a college of mines, with a rich cabinet of natural history; and a great number of other literary and scientific institutions. Lat. 59° 20′ 31′′ N., Lon. 18° 3′ E. Pop. 83,885. (P. C.) STOCK-PORT, an important manufacturing t. of England, in Cheshire, 6 m. S. E. of Manchester. Pop. of township, 28,431.

STOCK-TON, OF STOCKTON-ON-TEES, a seaport t. of England, co. of Durham, on the Tees, near its mouth. Lat. 54° 34' N., Lon. 1° 18′ W. Pop. of township, 9,825.

STOD-DARD, a co. in the S. E. part of Mo., E. of, and bordering on the St. Francis r. Pop. 3,153.

STOKE-UPON-TRENT, a parish of England, in Staffordshire, remarkable as the seat of extensive manufactures in earthenware. The town of Stoke is 14 m. N. by W. of Stafford.

STOKES, a co. in the N. W. part of N. C., bordering on Va. Pop. 16,265. Co. t. Germantown.

STONE-HA-VEN, a seaport t. of Scotland, cap. of Kincardineshire, on the German Ocean, 14 m. S. by W. of Aberdeen. Lat. 56° 56′ N., Lon. 2° 12′ W. Pop. 3,012.

STO-NING-TON, a port of entry of Conn., in New London co., on a rocky point of land, which projects into the E. end of Long Island Sound, about 50 miles S. W. of Providence, with which it is connected by a railroad.

STOUR-BRIDGE, a t. of England, in Worcestershire, on the Stour, an affluent of the Severn, 18 m. N. N. E. of Worcester. Pop. 7,481. STRABANE, stra-ban', a t. of Ireland, in Tyrone co., 14 m. S. S. W. of Londonderry. Pop. 5,147. (M.)

STRAF-FORD, a co. in the S. E. part of N. H., on the Salmon Falls r., a branch of the Piscataqua. Pop. 23,166. Co. towns, Doer and Rochester.

STRALSUND, Strål/-soont, a manufacturing and commercial t. of Prussia, in Pomerania, cap. of a gov. of the same name, on the narrow strait which separates the i. of Rügen from the continent. The celebrated fortifications of this place have been razed, and the ramparts converted into public walks. (P. C.) Lat. 54° 19′ N., Lon. 13° 32′ E. Pop.' 14,713. (M.)

STRANRAER, stran-rawr', a small seaport t. of Scotland, at the S. extremity of a small bay called Loch Ryan. Lat. 54° 54′ N., Lon. 5° 2′ W.

STRAS -BOURG (Fr. pron. Stråss'-boor'; Ger Strassburg, stråss/bŏŏRG; Anc. Argentoratum); a strongly-fortified city of France, on its E. frontier, cap. of the dep. of Lower Rhine, and formerly of Alsace, on the Ill, near its confluence with the Rhine. The principal public

ou, as in our; th, as in thin, TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. building is the Cathedral of Notre Dame (notr dåm), one of the finest Gothic edifices that exist; its spire rises to the height of 500 or perhaps 530 English ft., being the highest in the world. Strasbourg is one of the most important commercial and manufacturing towns in France. It possesses an académie universitaire (before the French Revolution it had a Protestant university), a royal college, a public library of 50,000 vols. (P. C.),* and many other literary and scientific institutions. The common language of the citizens of Strasbourg is German, but French is spoken by the educated classes. The Observatory is in Lat. 48° 34' 40" N., Lon. 4° 45′ 12′′ E. Pop. 50,000. (B.) STRAT-FORD-UPON-A-VON, a little t. of England, in Warwickshire, on the Avon, 8 m. S. W. of Warwick, celebrated as the birth-place of Shakspeare.

STUHLWEISSENBURG, stool-Wi/-ceẹn-bŏŏrg`, (Hung. Szekes Fejérvár, så-kesh fa-yair-vår,) a t. of Hungary, once the residence of the Hungarian kings, 35 m. S. W. of Buda. Pop. 13,000. (B.)

STUTTGART or STUTTGARD (Ger. pron. stõõt/-gart), a city of Germany, cap. of the kingdom of Würtemberg, on a little stream called the Nesenbach (na/-zen-bak) near its confluence with the Neckar. It has been greatly embellished since the commencement of the present century. Among the remarkable buildings, may be mentioned the new Royal Palace, which is a noble structure, and contains a valuable collection of paintings and statues. The Public Royal Library contains 200,000 vols., among which is a unique collection of 12,000 Bibles, of 4,000 different editions, in 68 languages. (P. C.) Stuttgard has a gymnasium, with 30 professors, and numerous other institutions for education. Lat. 48° 46' N., Lon. 9° 11' E. Pop. 40,000. (B.)

SUABIA, Swa-be-a, a country in the S. of Germany, which, in the middle ages, constituted a powerful duchy, when the Suabians were the richest, most civilized, and most respected of all the nations of Germany. The name had disappeared from the maps of Germany, but a few years ago the king of Bavaria restored the ancient historical names, and gave that of Suabia to the circle of the Upper Danube. Suabia is supposed to be derived from the Suevi, an ancient and powerful German nation.-Adj. and inhab. SUABIAN, Swà/-be-an.

SUDAN. See SOODAN.

SUEZ, sool-ez (Arab. Soo-ez/) ISTHMUS OF, is situated between the N. extremity of the Red Sea and the Mediterranean, and connects Africa with Asia. Its breadth, in the narrowest part, is about 65 m.

SUF-FOLK, a co. in the E. part of England, bordering on the German Ocean. Pop. 315,073.

SUFFOLK, a co. in the E. part of Mass., on Massachusetts Bay. Pop. 95,773. Co. t. Boston.

SUFFOLK, a co. of N. Y., occupying the E. portion of Long Island. Pop. 32,469. Seat of justice, Suffolk c. h.

Some writers say 130,000 volumes.

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; plne or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; õõ as in good;

SUIR, shure, a r. in the S. E. part of Ireland, flowing into Waterford harbour.

SUL-LI-VAN, a co. in the W. part of N. H., bordering on the Connecticut r. Pop. 20,340. Co. t. Newport.

SULLIVAN, a co. in the S. E. part of N. Y., bordering on the Delaware r. Pop. 15,629. Co. t. Monticello.

SULLIVAN, a co. near the N. E. extremity of Tenn., bordering on Va. Pop. 10,736. Co. Blountsville.

SULLIVAN, a co. in the W. part of Ind., bordering on the Wabash. Pop. 8,315. Co. t. Merom.

SUMATRA, 800-mål-tra, an important i., the most westerly of the Malaisian group, and, next to Borneo, the largest in the eastern seas, between 5° 50' N. and 6° S. Lat., and 95° 20′ and 106° E. Lon. Its length is above 1,000 m.; its greatest breadth about 240 m. The area is computed at 160,000 sq. m. Population vaguely estimated at 2,000,000. (M.) The vegetable productions of this island are those common to tropical countries; rice, pepper, and camphor are the most important. The quantity of pepper produced annually is estimated by McCulloch at 30,000,000 lbs., which is in fact more than the whole produce of pepper in all other parts of the globe. Sumatra was once noted for its gold, and a considerable quantity is still exported: it also contains rich mines of copper ore, which, however, are but little worked. The Dutch have possessions at Padang, Bencoolen, and other parts of the S. W. coast; but a large portion of the island is independent.— Adj. and inhab. SUMATRAN, Soo-må/-tran.

SUMBAWA, Sum-baw/-wa, an i. of Malaisia, between 8° 20′ and 9° 20' S. Lat., and 116° 40′ and 119° 20' E. Lon. Length about 170 m.; greatest breadth above 60 m. The Dutch have established some sort of authority in the eastern districts, but a large portion of the island is independent.

SUM-MIT, a co. in the N. E. part of Ohio, intersected by the Cuyahogar. Pop. 22,560. Co. t. Akron.

SUM-NER, a co. in the N. part of Tenn., between the Cumberland r. and the border of Ky. Pop. 22,445. Co. t. Gallatin.

SUM-TER, a dist. in the E. central part of S. C., bordering on the Santee r. Pop. 27,892. Seat of justice, Sumterville c. h.

SUMTER, a co. in the W. S. W. part of Ga., bordering on Flint r. Pop. 5,759. Co. t. Americus.

SUMTER, a co. in the W. part of Ala., between the Tombigbee and the border of Miss. Pop. 29,937. Co. t. Livingston.

SUNBURY, sun/-ber-re, a port of entry of Ga., in Liberty co., on the Medway r., at the head of St. Catherine's Sound.

SUN-DA, a term of unknown origin, which has been applied to the south-western and larger portion of Malaisia. Java, Borneo, Sumatra, and Celebes, are often called the Greater Sunda Islands: the Lesser Sunda Islands are situated between 5° and 11° S. Lat., and 114° and 135° E. Lon., including, besides many other smaller ones, the islands of Timor, Flores, Sumbawa, Bali, and Timorlaut.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

SUN-DER-LAND, a commercial t. and seaport of England, in the co. of Durbam, on the Wear, at its entrance into the North Sea, and 13 m. N. E. of Durham, with which town it is connected by a railway. Shipbuilding is more extensively carried on here than anywhere else in the kingdom. Lat. 54° 55′ N., Lon. 1° 21′ W. Pop. 17,022.

SUPERIOR, LAKE, the largest and most westerly of the five great lakes, which are connected with the St. Lawrence, between 46° 35′ and 49° N. Lat., and 84° 30′ and 92° 20' W. Lon. The length, following the bend of the lake, is about 400 m.; greatest breadth, above 160 m. Area estimated at 28,000 sq. m. The surface is about 640 ft. above the Atlantic; the mean depth is stated at 900 ft. Lake Superior is probably the largest body of fresh water on the globe.

SURAT, soo-rat, a large commercial city of Hindostan, cap. of Guzerat, on the Taptee, about 20 m. from its entrance into the Gulf of Cambay Bombay has deprived it of a large part of that commerce for which it was formerly so celebrated; but it still carries on a considerable trade with Arabia, and possesses some flourishing manufactures. Lat. 21° 11' N., Lon. 72° 50' E. Pop. estimated by Balbi at 160,000, though some writers make it much higher.

SURINAM. See GUIANA, DUTCH.

SURINAM, SOO`-re-nam', a r. of South America, in Dutch Guiana, flowing into the Atlantic. Length, about 300 m. It is navigable for large ships about 4 leagues from the coast, and for river barges above 50 m. farther.

SUR/-REY, a co. in the S. E. part of England, S. of, and bordering on the Thames. Pop. 582,678.

SUR/-RY, a co. in the S. E. part of Va., bordering on James r. Pop. 6,480. Seat of justice, Surry c. h.

SURRY, a co. in the N. N. W. part of N. C., bordering on Va. Pop. 15,079. Co. t. Rockford.

SUS-QUE-HAN-NA, a large r. of the U. S., formed by the union of two principal branches. The E. branch rises in Otsego Lake, in the S. E. central part of N. Y., and, flowing in a general south-westerly course, is joined by the W. branch at Northumberland, about 43 m. N. of Harrisburg: their united waters then flow southerly, and fall into the N. extremity of Chesapeake Bay. Its whole length may be estimated at near 350 m. The navigation is obstructed in the lower part of its course by numerous rapids.

SUSQUEHANNA, a co. in the N. E. part of Pa., on the E. branch of the above r., and bordering on N. Y. Pop. 21,195. Co. t. Montrose. SUS-SEX, a co. in the S. E. part of England, bordering on the English Channel. Pop. 299,753.

SUSSEX, a co. forming the N. E. extremity of N. J. Pop. 21,770. Co. t. Newton.

SUSSEX, the southernmost of the counties of Del. Pop. 25,093. Co. t. Georgetown.

SUSSEX, a cr. in the S. E. part of Va., intersected by the Nottaway r. Pop. 11,229 Seat of justice, Sussex c. h.

1

Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, met; pine, or pine, pln; nỏ, nôt; õõ as in good.

SUTH-ER-LAND, a co. occupying the N. W. extremity of Scotland, and extendiug across the island to Dornoch Frith. Pop. 24,782.

SU-WA-NEE, a r. which rises in Ga., and flows through Florida into the Gulf of Mexico.

SWABIA. See SUABIA.

SWAN-SEA, a seaport t. of Wales, in Glamorganshire, on the Bristol Channel, at the mouth of the Tawe. Lat. 51° 37′ N., Lon. 3° 55′ W. Pop. 16,787.

SWE-DEN (in Swedish, Swerige, swèrl-e-gêh), a monarchy in the N. W. part of Europe, comprising the E. part of the Scandinavian peninsula, situated between 55° 20 ̊ and 69° N. Lat., and 11° 10′ and 24° 20 E. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Norway and Russian Lapland, E. and S. E. by Russia and the Baltic, and W. by the Cattegat, the Skager Rack, and Norway. Length, above 950 m.; greatest breadth, about 260 m. Area estimated at 170,000 sq. m. Pop. in 1839, 3,109,772. (P. C.) The mines of Sweden form an important source of national wealth. Swedish iron is noted for its superior quality. There are some extensive copper mines; that at Fahlun is the most remarkable. (See FAHLUN.) The established religion of Sweden is the Lutheran. While all sects are tolerated, none but Lutherans can be promoted to any employment in the state. The government is a limited monarchy, hereditary in the male line. Sweden and Norway, though at present united under one king, have distinct and separate constitutions. Stockholm is the capital.-Adj. SWE-DISH; inhab. SWEDE.

66

SWINEMÜNDE, swee`-neh-mün'-dẹh, (i. e. Swinemouth,") a small commercial t. and seaport of Prussia, on the Swine (sweel-neh), one of the outlets of the Stettiner-Haff, at its entrance into the Baltic. Lat. 53° 53′ N., Lon. 14° 23′ E. Pop. 3,600. (B.)

SWITZ-ER-LAND (Ger. Schweitz, shwites; Fr. La Suisse, lå swiss; Anc. Helvetia), a mountainous country in the southern part of Europe, between 45° 48′ and 47° 48′ N. Lat., and 5° 57′ and 10° 30′ E. Lon.; bounded on the N. and E. by Germany, S. by Italy, and W. and N.W. by France. Length, near 230 m.; greatest breadth, above 140 m. Area, about 15,000 sq. m. Pop., in 1839, 2,188,395. (P. C.) Switzerland is a republic, consisting of 22 confederated states, called cantons, viz. Aargau (Argovie), Appenzell, Basel (Bâle), Bern, Freyburg, Gall, St., Geneva, Glarus, Grisons, Lucerne, Neufchâtel, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn (Soleure), Thurgau, Ticino (Tessin), Unterwalden, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, and Zürich. The inhabitants of Switzerland consist of three classes-Germans, French, and Italians. The former dwell chiefly in the cantons Zürich, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Glarus, Zug, Appenzell, St. Gall, Thurgau, Schaffhausen, and Aargau, and constitute about seven-tenths of the entire population. The French Swiss are found principally in Neufchâtel, Geneva, Vaud, and a part of Soleure, Freyburg, Valais, Bâle, and Bern. The Italian Swiss are far less numerous, and inhabit only Ticino and some parts of Grisons and Valais. The German language is employed in the general affairs of the confederation and in the government of the particular cantons, with the exception of Geneva, Neufchâtel, Vaud, and Ticino. (B.)