APPENDIX. NOTE A. PUDENS AND CLAUDIA OF ST. PAUL. (See p. 10.) THE train of circumstances which fixes the identity of the names 66 Rufus, Pudens, and Claudia," mentioned by St. Paul, with the individuals whose birth and marriage have been distinctly, though briefly alluded to by the Latin poet, are most striking. Claudius was chosen Emperor, A. D. 43, and reigned till the year 56. In the second year of his reign, he began his contest with the Britons. Caractacus, their leader, after opposing the Roman legions for nine years, was taken captive in the year 55, and carried to Rome, together with his wife and daughter. Struck with the intrepid fortitude of the British warrior, Claudius (as Tacitus the historian so eloquently described,) ordered his chains to be H struck off; and both himself and the Empress Agrippina we are told, took pity on his wife and child; the latter of whom, as was the custom of that period, was, there is reason to believe, forthwith adopted by them, and named Claudia. Caractacus, it appears, was still a hostage in Rome when Claudius died; and Nero, who succeeded Claudius, was also the adopted of that Emperor, so that both he and Claudia formed at the same time, part of the imperial household. a Now it is a remarkable fact, that the detention of the British hostages in the imperial city, was coincident with St. Paul's residence there, 66 prisoner ;" and the same year that the holy apostle was released after his first examination by Nero, was that in which the British captives, with their king, Caractacus, were also set at liberty by that Emperor, A. D. 58. After his first release, St. Paul, in his Epistle to the Romans, says, in speaking of distinguished converts, "Salute Rufus ;"-but six years afterwards, during his second examination, he unites the name of Claudia with the favoured disciple whom he had previously denominated "chosen in the Lord." The cause of this association is made apparent from the verses of the poet quoted in the text. Martial dwelt at Rome for thirty-five years, and was well acquainted with both parties: he distinctly verifies the fact, that Claudia, a British lady, was married to Rufus, and that this celebrated Roman citizen was afterwards called Pudens, on account of his virtues, modesty, and gentleness. St. Paul and the poet being contemporaries at Rome, there can remain no doubt that the persons named by each were the same individuals; for nothing can be more improbable than that there were two Claudia's born in Britain, or two Rufus's surnamed Pudens, at one and the same time; yet the Apostle of the Gentiles characterises his convert by both appellations, in his Epistles to the Romans, and to Timothy; between the dates of which, viz. the years 58 and 66, it would appear by Martial, that Claudia, "British born," was married to Rufus, afterwards Pudens, and hence named Claudia-Rufina. NOTE B. EARLY CHURCHES OF BRITAIN. (See p. 14.) The reception and establishment in this sland of a deputed ecclesiastic from the see of Rome, gradually induced a feeling of jealousy between |