The Great Powers and Global Struggle, 1490-1990

American analysis argue arguments army ascent Britain British Cambridge Univ capability concentration causal century challenger conflict cross-correlations decision makers Dehio Dependent Variable Dutch economic growth Edited Empire Europe European region expansion F-statistics factors Figure France Germany Gilpin global and regional global leader global power global wars global-regional Granger causality hegemonic History hypothesis Ibn Khaldun impact imperial increases indicator International interpretation investment lead economy leadership long cycle leading sectors leading-sector growth rate leading-sector share long waves major power military spending Modelski naval capability share Netherlands nomic nonmilitary public consumption peak period Portugal position power transition Press Private Consumption problems processes production reconcentration regional and global regional leader regional power relationships relative decline rise sea power Soviet Soviet Union Spain strategies system leaders systemic war technological innovation territorial Thompson threat tion tradeoffs United variables Vector Autoregressions Western world politics world power World War II York