in the province of Gelderland, with 2500 inhabitants. 15 miles E. by S. of Zutphen. VORDEN, a town of Germany, in Hanover, 15 miles N. by E. of Osnabruck.

VORDENBERG, a town of the Austrian states, in Upper Styria. It contains extensive iron-works. 4 miles N. of Leoben.

VORDINGBORG, a seaport of Denmark, in the island of Zealand, situated on a bay opposite to Falster. Population 1000. 52 miles S. S. W. of Copenhagen.

VORDONI, a small town of the Morea, situated on the river Vasilipotamo (Eurotus). It is the see of a bishop, and is 7 miles S. by E. of Misitra.

VOREPPE, a town of France, department of the Isere, on the small river Roise. Here are manufactures of hats and leather. Population 2100. 9 miles N. W. of Grenoble.

VOREY, a town of France, department of the Upper Loire, with 1600 inhabitants. 11 miles N. E. of Le Puy.

VORINGEN, a town of Germany, 7 miles N. of Sigmaringen. Population 700.

VORONEZ, a river of European Russia, which rises in the government of Tambov, and joins the Don a little below. It is navigable through the chief part of its course. VORONEZ, a province or government in the interior of European Russia, bounded on the east by the country of the Don Cossacks, and lying between Lat. 48. and 54. N. Its area, equal to that of Scotland, is 31,000 square miles; but its population hardly amounts to 800,000. It borders on the Ukraine, and, like that extensive country, has in general a good soil, and a steady climate. It is traversed by three navigable rivers, the Don, the Voronez, and the Donez, besides a number of smaller streams. The chief objects of tillage are corn, flax, hemp, and, in a small degree, tobacco. Various kinds of fruit are raised here; and whole fields are in some places covered with water melons. Manufactures, on the other hand, are confined to woollens, linen, and hardware, for home consumption, all of a very coarse and imperfect quality. A small part of the population are descendants of German settlers.

VORONEZ, the capital of the above government, on the river Voronez. It is the see of an archbishop; and its principal buildings are the cathedral, the residence of the governor, and the public of fices of the province. Here are classical ánd other schools, along with a number of manufacturing establishments, woollens, leather, and hardware, each on a small scale. The trade of the place is carried on by the Voronez, on the banks of which a quay, with docks for barges, was built by the czar Peter I. Population between 12,000 and

15,000 292 miles S. of Moscow. Long. 39. 21. 30. E. Lat. 51. 40. 30. N. VORONOVKA, a small town of European Russia, in the government of Kiev. VOROSPUTAK, a village of Transylvania, in the county of Weissenburg. VOROSVAGAS, or CERWENICA, a large village of Hungary, county of Saros. VORSCHUTZ, a large village of Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, near Gudensberg.

VORSFELDE, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Brunswick, with 1000 inhabitants. 21 miles N. E. of Brunswick.

VORSKLA, a river of European Russia, in the Ukraine, which falls into the Dnieper. VORST, a town of Prussian Westphalia, in the government of Cleves. Population 2000.

Vosch, a lake of European Russia, in the government of Novgorod.

VOSGES, a great chain of mountains in the east of France, extending from north to south, in a line nearly parallel to the course of the Rhine, from Bale to Spires. This chain may be termed a continuation of the Jura mountains; for it begins nearly where the latter end, and is separated from them only by a valley. The length of the main chain of the Vosges is about 130 miles; but there is a farther chain or range extending westward into France, traversing the department of the Vosges, and ending near Sedan, in the hills and forest land of the Ardennes. Without rivalling in height the Alps, the Carpathians, or the Pyrenees, the Vosges mountains have in various parts an elevation of 4000 or 5000 feet, and are covered with snow during eight or nine months in the year. They form, more than the Rhine, the natural barrier between France and Germany; and although Alsace, situated on the German side, has been a century and a half in the possession of France, the language of the country is still German. Great part of the Vosges mountains are covered with forests; but the means of conveying the timber to a market by water are as yet very limited. The great rivers leading from the Vosges to the sea are the Meuse and the Moselle. The Ill forms the principal channel from them to the Rhine.

VOSGES, a department in the north-east of France, formed of a part of Lorraine, and adjoining the departments of the Meurthe and Upper Saone. Its extent, equal to two of our average sized counties, is about 2400 square miles; its population somewhat above 334,000. The surface is rugged, consisting of mountains and forest land, interspersed with vallies of greater or less extent. Here are the sources of several large rivers, the Meuse, the Moselle, the Meurthe, and the Saone. The smaller

streams and mountain torrents are very numerous, as are the mineral waters, of which the best known are those of Plombieres. The soil in the mountains is often stony; in the plains chalky and sandy. The climate is cold, the products oats, barley, rye, potatoes, flax, and heinp. In the more fertile tracks wheat, and in situations of favourable exposure, vines; the summer heat being great in the vallies. The mineral products are various, viz. iron, lead, copper, and, in a few situations, silver, marble, and potter's-earth. This department is divided into five arrondissements. Its capital is the small town of Epinal. The population, chiefly agriculturists, is far from dense, and would be still less, did not the iron-mines afford work to a number of hands. The cheapness of provisions, and consequently of labour, has led to the introduction of other manufactures, viz. linen and cotton cloth, the spinning of yarn, and the making of lace. These articles furnish, along with cattle, butter, cheese, glass, earthen-ware, and timber, the chief exports of the depart

ment.

VOSKERENSK, a town of European Russia, in the government of Moscow. Population 1000. 36 miles W. N. W. of Moscow.

VOSNESENSK, a small and lately built town of European Russia, on the Bog, 80 miles N. N. W. of Cherson.

VOSTITZA, a district of the Morea, in Achaia, extending along the coast of the gulf of Lepanto. Its chief town of the same name, occupying the site of the ancient Egium, was lately a flourishing seaport, containing 800 houses; but on 23d August 1817, it was destroyed, in a great measure, by an earthquake, along with a number of the neighbouring villages. Its port was tolerably good, and served as a place to export cheese, raisins, and other products to Patras and the neighbouring isles. 25 miles E. of Patras, and 40 N. W. of Corinth.

VOTERSAY, a small island of the Hebrides, in the sound of Harris.

VOTIAKS, a half civilised tribe of Finnish descent, who are scattered through the provinces of Viatka, Orenburg, and Kazan, or that part of Russia in Europe which adjoins Russia in Asia. They take the names of Udi and Mordi, and are said to have preserved in a great measure their original language, as well as their former distinction into tribes. Their number is considerable, being computed at 30,000 in the government of Orenburg, and 60,000 in that of Viatka.

VOVES, a town of France, department of the Eure and Loire, with 1000 inhabitants,

who manufacture stockings and caps. 15 miles S. E. of Chartres.

VOUGA, a small town of Portugal, in the province of Beira, on the river Vouga, 37 miles N. of Coimbra.

VOUILLE, a town of France, department of the Vienne, 8 miles N. of Poitiers. Population 900.

VOULTE, a town of France, department of the Ardeche, on the Rhone. Population 1200. 12 miles S. W. of Valence.

VOUNEUIL, a town of France, department of the Vienne. Population 1800. 15 miles N. E. of Poitiers.

VOURLA, a seaport of Asia Minor, on the site of the ancient Clazomene, which was one of the twelve great cities of Ionia. It is now a village of little importance, built on two rising grounds, one of which is inhabited by Christians, who have about 500 houses, and two churches; the rest is occupied by the Turks. 25 miles W. of Smyrna.

VOUTE, LA, a town of France, department of the Ardeche, on the Khone. Population 1490. 18 miles N. of Viviers.

VOUTE, LA, a town of France, department of the Upper Loire, with 1200 inhabitants. 9 miles S. of Brioude.

VOUTEZAC, a town of France, department of the Correze. Population 2100. 9 miles N. W. of Brives.

VOUTING, a city of China, of the second rank, in Shantung. Long. 117. 19. E. Lat. 37. 35. N.

VOUTSY, a town of China, of the third rank, in Pe-che-lee.

VOUVRAY, a town of France, on the Loire. Population 2500. 6 miles N. E. of Tours.

VOUZIERS, a town of France, department of the Ardennes, situated on the Aisne. It has manufactures of leather, with a traffic in corn. Population 1600. 20 miles S. E. of Rethel.

VOW CHURCH, a parish of England, in Herefordshire, 11 miles W. by S. of Hereford.

VOWMINE, a hamlet of England, in Herefordshire, 13 miles S. S. W. of Kington.

Voxa, a river of European Russia, in Finland, which issues from the lake of Saima, and falls into the Lake Ladoga.

VRACENE, a town of the Netherlands, in East Flanders, district of Dendermonde. Though an inland place, it enjoys in a considerable degree the advantage of water communication, being at no great distance from Antwerp on the one side, and Hulst on the other. The adjacent country is level; and, like Flanders in general, adapted both to tillage and pasturage. Population 5000. 9 miles W. of Antwerp.

VRAIN, ST, a town of France, department of the Nievre. Population 800.

¿¡ Vrana, or Ujvarina, a small town of European Turkey, in Romania, 78 miles W.S. W. of Sophia.

VRANTSCHIA, a district of European Turkey, in Moldavia, containing 12 villages, and about 2000 petty farms or occupancies.

VREDEN, a town of Prussian Westphalia, on the small river Brehkels, and the confines of Zutphen. Population 2000. 30 miles W. S. W. of Munster.

VRIEZEN VEEN, a town of the Netherlands, in the province of Overyssel, with 1800 inhabitants. 22 miles E. by S. of Zwolle.

VRINE LOCH, a small lake of Scotland, in Ross-shire, about three miles long and one broad, which discharges its waters by a rivulet of the same name, into the head of Loch Broom.

VUGT, an inland town of the Netherlands, in North Brabant, containing 1400 inhabitants. 3 miles S. of Bois le Duc.

VUKOVAR, a town of the Austrian states, the capital of the county of Syrmium, in

Sclavonia, situated on the Danube, where it is joined by the small river Vuko, which divides Vukovar into two parts, called the Old and New towns. It is the seat of a protopope, or church dignitary of the second rank. It is also the place where the public meetings of the county are held. The chief manufacture is the twisting of silk; a branch which is favoured by the growth of mulberry trees in the environs. The vine is also cultivated here to some extent. Population 5700, mostly of the Greek church. 21 miles S. E. of Eszek. Long. 19. 1. 25. E. Lat. 45. 21. 9. N.

VULTURARA, an inland town of Italy, in Naples, in the Principato Ultra. Population 3800. 65 miles N. E. of Naples.

VYTEGRA, a town of European Russia, in the government of Olonetz, on the river Vytegra. It has nearly 2000 inhabitants, and carries on some petty manufactures and traffic with St Petersburg. There is a water communication by lake, river, and canal, from this town to the White

sea.

WAA

W. ARTICLES beginning with this letter, and not found under it, may be sought under V.

WAABE, a river of Germany, in the duchy of Brunswick, which falls into the Ocker.

WAACKHAUSEN, a village of Hanover, in the duchy of Bremen, near the river Hamme.

WAAG, a large river of the west of Hungary, which rises at the foot of the lofty mountain of Krivan, in the palatinate of Lyptau, flows through the palatinates of Thurotz, Trentschin, and Neutra, and falls into the Danube six miles below Comorn. Part of its course being through a mountainous country, it has an unusual number of rapids and falls. In other parts it is easily navigated.

WAAG, the bay on the west coast of Norway, on which is the town of Bergen.

WAAGOE, one of the Faroe islands, to the west of Stromoe, belonging to Denmark.

WAALIA, a collection of villages on the top of a hill in Abyssinia, between Gondar and Tcherkin.

WAALWYK, a town of the Netherlands,

WAB

in North Brabant, with 1400 inhabitants.

10 miles W. of Bois le Duc.

WAARSCHOOT, an inland town of the Netherlands, in East Flanders. It has manufactures of linen, besides breweries and distilleries. Population 5300. 9 miles N. W. of Ghent.

WAATSCH, or VAZHE, a small town of Austrian Illyria, in Carniola, situated on s lofty hill, 10 miles E. N. E. of Laybach.

WABASH, a river of the United States, in Indiana, which waters the middle and western parts of the state, and flows into the Ohio, 30 miles above Cumberland river, It is upwards of 500 miles long, and is navigable for keel boats 400 miles to Quiatan, and also for small boats to within eight miles of the Maumee. It meanders in most of its course through an extensive plain, of the most fertile soil, diversified by lofty groves and beautiful prairies.

WABASH, LITTLE, a river of the United States, in Indiana, which runs south-east into the Wabash, a few miles above the Ohio.

WABBERTHWAITE, a parish of England, in Cumberland, near Ravenglass.

WABISAPENCUN, a river of the United

States, in Louisiana, which runs into the Mississippi, Lat. 41. 40. N.

WABISINEKAN, a river of the United States, in the Missouri territory, which runs into the Mississippi above the Missouri, on the eastern branch.

- WABUSKAGAMA, a river of Canada, which runs into the Saguenay, Long. 70. 18. W. Lat. 48. 20. N.

WACAHATCHA, a river of Louisiana, in the district of Opelousas, which falls into the Sabine.

WACHAS, a lake of the United States, in Louisiana, which lies to the west of the Mississippi, and 22 miles from New Orleans. It is 23 miles long, and 6 miles wide, and communicates with the gulf by several outlets.

WACHOVIA, OF DOBB'S PARISH, a track of land in the United States, in North Ca rolina, consisting of 100,000 acres, purchased, in 1751, by the Moravians, who named it Wachovia, after an estate belonging to count Zinzendorf, in Germany. It contains the villages of Salem, Bethany, and Bethabara.

WACHSHOLM. See Waxholm. WACHSHURST, or WAGSHURST, a village of Germany, in Baden, 10 miles E. by N. of Strasburg. Population $00.

WACHTENDONK, a walled town of Prussian Westphalia, on the river Niers, 20 miles N. W. of Dusseldorf. Population

1400.

WACHTERSBACH, a town of Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the Kinzig, 20 miles E. by N. of Hanau. Population 1100.

WACHUSETT, a mountain of the United States, in Princeton, Massachusetts, about 2000 feet above the level of the sea.

WACKEN, or WAKKEN, an inland town of West Flanders, near the river Lys, with 2200 inhabitants. 16 miles S. W. of Ghent. WACKERFIELD, a township of England, county of Durham, N. E. of Staindrop. WACTON, a parish of England, county of Hereford, 4 miles N. W. by W. of Bromyard.

WACTON, a parish of England, in the county of Norfolk, 4 miles S. W. by S. of St Mary Stratton.

WADAN, a small town of Fezzan, on the route from Tripoli to Mourzouk, eight days journey to the south of Mesurata.

WADBOROUGH, a hamlet of England, county of Worcester, 3 miles from Pershore. WADDESDON, a parish of England, in

Buckinghamshire, 5 miles N. W. by W. of Aylesbury. Population 1020.

WADDINGHAM, a parish of England, in: Lincolnshire, 8 miles S. by W. of Glanford Bridge.

WADDINGSVEEN, NORTH and SOUTH, two adjoining villages of the Netherlands, in South Holland, the former containing 1200," and the latter 500 inhabitants. 10 miles S. E. of Leyden.

WADDINGTON, a parish of England, in Lincolnshire, 4 miles S. of Lincoln. Po pulation 727.

WADDINGTON, a township of England, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, situated on the river Ribble, near Bowland Forest, 19 miles W. S. W. of Skipton. Population

1088.

WADDINGWORTH, a parish of England, county of Lincoln, 5 miles W. by N. of Horncastle.

WADDON, EAST and WEST, two small hamlets of England, in the parish of Abbotsbury, Dorsetshire.

WADE'S POINT, a cape of the United States, on the coast of North Carolina. Long. 76. 20. W. Lát. 36. 7. N.

WADEIJ, a town of Yemen, in Arabia, 80 miles S. S. W. of Saade.

WADELS, a river of England and Wales, which rises in Radnorshire, but falls into the Lug, near Combe, in Herefordshire, about 3 miles E. of Presteign.

WADENHOE, a parish of England, in Northamptonshire, on the river Nen, 3} miles N. by E. of Thrapston.

WADENSCHWEI., a town of Switzerland, on the south side of the lake of Zurich. It is well built, contains 3500 inhabitants, and has some manufactures of cotton and silk. 9 miles S. of Zurich.

WADERN, a town of the Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 18 miles E. S. E. of Treves. Population 700.

WADERO, a small island on the west coast of Sweden, in the North sea. Long, 12. 30. E. Lat. 56. 24. N.

WADESBOROUGH, a post township of the United States, and capital of Anson county, North Carolina. Population about 100. 70 miles S. S. E. of Salisbury, and 76 W. of Fayetteville.

WADEY, a country of Central Africa, situated to the west of Fezzan, and east of Fittre and Begarmee. It consisted formerly of a number of small independent states, which have now been united into one under a Moorish prince.

WADEY ABASSI, a small river of Arabia, which falls into the Red sea, 10 miles S. S. E. of Hodeida.

WADEY EL ARKIK, a small river of Arabia, which waters the city of Medina. WADEY ELMAHAN, a small river of A

bia, which loses itself in the sands, unless in the wet season, when it reaches the Red sea, 25 miles S. S. E. of Hodeida. WADEY FARAN, a small river of Arabia, which falls into the Red sea, 25 miles N. W. of Tor.

WADEY FATIMA, a small river of Upper Egypt, which runs to the north-west of Mecca.

WADEY GAMUS, or VALLEY OF BUFFALOES, a valley of Egypt, on the eastern side of the Nile.

WADEY EL KEBIR, a small river of Arabia, which, in rainy seasons, reaches the Red sea, near Mocha.

WADEY EL LATRON, a watering place on the borders of the Lybian desert, on the caravan route between Cairo and Mourzouk. WADEY ZEBID, a river of Arabia, which, in a particular season, overflows and fertilizes its banks. It passes by Zebid, and finally loses itself in the sands.

WADHAM ISLANDS, a cluster of small islands near the north-east of Newfoundland. Long. 53. 37. W. Lat. 49. 57. N. WADHURST, a parish of England, in the county of Sussex, 5 miles from Tunbridge Wells. Population 1815.

WADING RIVER, a village of the United States, in Riverhead, New York.

WADJO, or WAJU, a state or confederacy in the island of Celebes, situated to the north of the Buggess territories, named Boni. In 1775 this country was governed by 40 regents, among whom women were admitted, as well as men. From these two chiefs were selected, one for warlike affairs, styled patara, and the other for the civil administration, named padenrang. In addition to these was the mattowra, or elected king, who acted as president of the whole, forming altogether a very complex sort of government. At that date the Wadjoos were rich, commercial, and nearly independent of the influence of the Dutch, for which they were in part indebted to the natural strength of their country.

WADMELAW, a river of the United States, in South Carolina, which separates the island of St John from the continent.

WADMELAW, a small island of the United States, on the coast of South Carolina, which communicates with St John's island by means of a bridge.

WADON, a hamlet of England, in the parish of Croydon, county of Surrey.

WADOWICE, a small town of Austrian Poland, in the circle of Myslenice, on the river Skawa.

WADREAG, a district of Sahara, to the south of Algiers, on which it depends. It contains neither fountains nor rivulets; but water is uniformly obtained, by digging to the depth of from 100 to 200 fathoms. This

is called by the natives the Sea under ground,

WADSTENA, or WADSTEIN, a town of Sweden, in East Gothland, situated on the lake of Wetter. It has an old castle, a convent, 1500 inhabitants, and some manufactures of lace and woollens. It was burned by the Danes in 1567. 20 miles W. of Linkioping. Long. 14. 52. 45. E. Lat. 58. 28. 5. N.

WADSWORTH, a township of England, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 7 miles W. N. W. of Halifax. Population 3473.

WADWORTH, & parish of England, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 5 miles S. of Doncaster. Population 467.

WAFTIB, a small low island in the Eastern seas, on the west coast of the island of Waygiou, covered with trees to the water's edge.

WAFWA, a small low island in the Eastern seas, on the west coast of the island of Waygiou, covered in like manner with trees.

WAGEEOO. See Waygiou.

WAGENDRUSSEL, a village of Hungary, on the Golnitz, 5 miles S. of Kapsdorf.

WAGENINGEN, an inland town of the Netherlands, in the province of Gelderland, situated in a marshy district on the north side of the Leck, a branch of the Rhine. It is surrounded with a wall, has 3000 inhabitants, and a considerable traffic in corn, cattle, and tobacco. It is an ancient place, and supposed to be the Fadu of Tacitus. 10 miles W. of Arnheim. Long. 5. 46. E. Lat. 51. 57. N.

WAGER'S STRAITS or RIVER, a river of North America, which empties itself into Hudson's bay, Long. 87. W. Lat. 65. 8. N.

WAGHEN, or WAWN, a parish of England, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, 5 miles S. E. by E. of Beverley.

WAGNAGUR, a town of Hindostan, pro vince of Gujerat, situated on the sea coast of the peninsula, belonging to an independent chief. Long. 71. 58. E. Lat. 21. 3. N.

WAGRAM, a village of Germany, in Lower Austria, on the river Rusbach, ce lebrated for the great battle which here took place between the Austrians and the French, in July 1809. 16 miles N. E. of Vienna.

WAGSTADT, or BILOWES, a small town of Austrian Silesia, 17 miles S. by E. of Troppau. Population 2400.

WAGUR, a district of Hindostan, province of Cutch, of which it forms the eastern boundary. The exterior is elevated and woody, and intersected by a number of small streams, which fall into the Runn. The inhabitants are Mahometans, and noted for their predatory habits. They are