i rank, situated in the frontier province of Yunan. Near it is a well, producing very white salt. Long. 101. E. Lat. 25. 33. N. YAO-TCHEOU, a town of Mantchou Tartary, on the north-eastern frontier of China. Long. 122. 14. E. Lat. 40. 43. N. YAO-TCHEOU, a city of China, situated on the northern side of the Poyang lake. It extends about a league and a half along a fine river, which falls into it. It is chiefly supported by being the port for the immense quantities of porcelain manufactured in the neighbouring city of Kinteching. It thus supports a great population. Long. 116. 14. E. Lat. 29. N. YAO-YAM, a town of China, of the third rank, in Pechelee. YAPA, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Chachapoyas. YAPE, a river of South America, in the province of Darien, which rises in the mountains of the interior, and running from east to west, enters the Tuira. YAPEL, a settlement of Chili, in the province of Santiago. YAPEYA, an Indian settlement of the province of Buenos Ayres, on the west bank of the Uruguay. Long. 56. 38. W. Lat. 29. 31. S. YAPEYU, a large settlement of Paraguay. Lat. 29. 28. S. YAPHAM, a township of England, East Riding of Yorkshire, 2 miles N. N. W. of Pocklington. YAPITINGO, a river of Brazil, in the province of Ilheos, which runs east, and enters the bay. YAPO, a river of Brazil, in the province of San Vincente, which runs north, and enters the Paranapane. YAPTON, a parish of England, in Sussex, 3 miles S. W. of Arundel. Population 512. YAFUI, a rapid river of South America, in the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, which enters the Paraguay from the west. YAQUARI, a small river of Paraguay, which runs west, and enters the Parana. YAQUE, a large and abundant river of St Domingo, which rises in the mountains of Ciboo, runs north, and, on passing opposite the city of Santiago, turns its course to west; then collecting the waters of all those which flow to the sea, disembogues itself in a very abundant stream on the north coast, forming a great mouth on the side of the Point of Monte Christi. Port St Yaque is at the mouth of the above river. YAQUEACU, a river of Brazil, in the province of Pernambuco, which runs southsouth-east, and enters the Atlantic. YAQUEHIRI, a river of the Portuguese country along the banks of the Amazons, which runs from north to south, and enters the Paritna. YAQUESON, PORT, a port on the north coast of the island of St Domingo, within the bay of Barbacoas. YAQUIA, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Conchucos. YAQUINI, a small river of Paraguay, which runs west, and enters the Parana. YARACUY, a river of South America, in the province of Venezuela, and government of the Caraccas, which rises in the ridge of mountains to the east of Baraquisimieto, and enters the sea in the bay of Burburata, between Port Cabello and the Point of Chiribiche. Its source is 40 leagues to the south of the river Aroa; but it only becomes navigable two leagues east of St Philip. It is then very convenient for conveying the produce raised in the vallies of St Philip, and in the plains of Barquisimieto, which is sent by sea to Porto Cabello, the nearest port. YARAPAZI, a small river of the Portuguese country along the Amazons, which rises between the Amazons and the Caqueta, and enters the former, near the junction of the Caqueta. YARAUCA, an arm of the river Amazons, which enters by the south side, and forms the island of Guaricura. YARBA. See Jarra. YARBOROUGH, a parish and hamlet of Eng land, in Lincolnshire. YARCOMBE, or YARTICOMBE, a parish of England, in Devonshire, 8 miles N. E. of Honiton. Population 708. YARCUND, a city of Cashgar, in that part of Chinese Tartary which goes commonly by the name of Little Bucharia. It is situated on the eastern side of that great range of mountains which extends northwards from the Himalleh, and divides Chinese from Independent Tartary. Being placed at the point where those mountains are usually crossed by the caravans, it has become a kind of emporium for the inland trade of Asia. As the environs are also fertile, the city is very large; it is built of brick dried in the sun, and defended by a strong castle. The Russians carry on some commercial intercourse with Yarcund; but it is not frequented by any other Europeans. A river, bearing the name of the city, passes by, and flows eastward to the lake of Lop. YARDLEY, two parishes of England, one in Hertfordshire, the other in Worcestershire. Population of the former 563; of the latter 1918. YARDLEY, GOBIONS, a hamlet of England, in Northamptonshire, 5 miles E. S. Ë. of Towcester. Population 508. YARDLEY, HASTINGS, a parish in the above county, 8 miles E. S. E. of Northampton. Population 784. YARE, a river of England, in Norfolk, which rises near the north-west part of the county, and passes by Norwich, whence it is navigable to Yarmouth, below which it falls into the German ocean. YARE, a settlement of the Caraccas, in the province of Venezuela, on the shore of the river Tuy. YARFORD, a hamlet of England, in the parish of Kingston, Somersetshire. YARI, a river of the Portuguese territory, along the Amazons, which runs southeast, and enters the Amazons, in Lat. 0. 49. S. YARKHILL, OF YARCLE, a parish of England, in Herefordshire. YARLESIDE, a township of England, in Lancashire, near Ulverstone. Population 403. YARLINGTON, a parish of England, in Somersetshire, 3 miles W. of Wincanton. YARM, or YAURM, a market town of England, in the North Riding of Yorkshire. It consists chiefly of one main street, running north and south, which is spacious and open; but its beauty is much injured by the shambles and tolbooth, which stand in the centre, and have a ruinous and disgusting appearance. Owing to the low situation of the town, it has suffered greatly by inundation. The first of these floods, from which the inhabitants sustained any considerable damage, happened on the 17th of February, 1753; when, about four in the morning, the banks of the river were broken, and the town was immediately laid under water. About noon, when the flood was at its height, the water was seven feet deep in the highest part of the town, and the lower parts were entirely submerged. The current through the town was so rapid, that many houses were washed down, and all sorts of furniture were seen floating through the street. This flood was occasioned by a vast quantity of snow on the western hills, being suddenly melted by a heavy fall of rain. In the night between the 16th and 17th of November 1771, Yarm experienced another dreadful visitation, from the greatest land flood remembered in the north of England. The water, in some parts of the town, rose upwards of 20 feet in perpendicular height, and many of the inhabitants were taken into boats, from the roofs of the houses. To these alarining visitations, Yarm may ascribe the decline of its trade and importance. It has no manufacture of any consequence; and corn, butter, hams, bacon, and pork, sent by shipping to London, constitute the principal part of its commerce. The exportation of corn from Yarın seems to have greatly de clined, as many large granaries, which have been erected at a great expence for that branch of trade, have for some time been almost useless. With the decline of trade, the population has also decreased; and, in 1801, the town contained only 1300 inhabitants. It also appears that Yarm cannot boast of the salubrity of its situation, as the deaths are about one in 38 annually. The entrance into the town, from the county of Durham, is by a bridge of five arches, built over the Tees about the year 1400, by Walter Skirlaw, bishop of Durham. The arches are pointed, and the structure retained its original and uniform appearance till about 23 years ago, when the arch on the north was widened and rebuilt in a semicircular form, in order, by giving a freer passage to the current of the river, to prevent, or at least to abate, the frequent inundations. But in the years 1803 and 1804, a bridge of cast iron was erected, after the model of that over the Wear at Sunderland. The arch was a circular segment of 180 feet span, and 27 feet in breadth within the ballustrades; and the whole weight of the bridge was 250 tons. But, unfortunately, this elegant piece of architecture fell about midnight, January 12th 1806, owing to the insufficiency of the abutments to resist the great lateral pressure of the arch. In consequence of this accident, the magistrates adopted the plan of widening and repairing the stone bridge, which fortunately had not yet been taken down. Here were anciently two monasteries, both founded by the family of Bruce in the 12th and 13th centuries. The parish church is a little to the west from the town, and though small, is a neat modern structure, having been rebuilt in the year 1730; but it is chiefly remarkable for a beautiful window of painted glass, in which the principal figure is a full length representation of Moses delivering the law from Mount Sinai. The market of Yarın is on Thursday; the fairs are, Thursday before April the 5th, Holy Thursday, August the 2d, for horned cattle, horses, sheep, and cheese; October the 19th, for horned cattle and horses; October the 20th, for sheep and cheese. The October fair is one of the most considerable in the north of England, and brings a great influx of money into the town and the adjacent country. Population in 1811, 1431. 45 miles N. N. W. of York, and 249 N. by W. of London. YARMARCA, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Chachapoyas. YARMOUTH, commonly called GREAT YARMOUTH, a seaport and borough of England, in the county of Norfolk. It is in the form of an oblong quadrangle, extending more than a mile in length," and half a mile in breadth. It comprises 33 acres, from the shape of the peninsula on which it stands, having the sea on the east, and on the west the Yare, over which river there is a handsome drawbridge, forming a communication with the county of Suffolk. It contains four principal streets, running parallel, which are crossed at right angles, by 156 narrower ones, denominated rows. These intersections give the place an appearance of regularity, observable only where a town has been built under one uniform plan. The whole is flanked by a wall on the east, north, and south sides, 2240 yards in length; which, with the west side next the river, 2030 yards, make the circumference 4270 yards, or two miles and 750 yards. The church, dedicated to St Nicholas, was erected by Herbert Losinga, in the year 1123; and greatly enlarged in the year 1250. It consists of a nave, two ailes, a transept, and had lately a spire, 136 feet high, which was taken down in the year 1803. The organ is said to be inferior to none, except the celebrated instrument at Haerlem, in Holland. This church, till the year 1716, was the only place of worship for persons of the establishment, when a handsome chapel was erected, and dedicated to St George. The quay of Yarmouth is justly the pride and boast of the inhabitants; for it is allowed to be equal to that of Marseilles, and the most extensive and finest in Europe, except the far famed one at Seville, in Spain. Its length, from the south gate to the bridge, is 1014 yards, beyond which it extends, for smaller vessels, 1016 yards, making a continuation of one mile and 270 yards. In many places it is 150 yards broad; and the southern part of the line is decorated with a range of handsome buildings. Yarmouth has long been much frequented as a fashionable watering-place, and furnishes every accommodation for the health, comfort, and amusement of its visitors. A bathing-house, erected in the year 1759, stands upon the beach, and commands a beautiful view of the roads. On each side of the vestibule is a bath, one appropriated to gentlemen, and the other to ladies. The sea water is raised every tide by a horse-mill, into a reservoir, about 50 yards from the baths, whence it is conveyed by pipes. There are also very commodious bathing-machines, but the sand renders them unpleasant of access. A public room was added to this building in the year 1788, where the company are served with tea, wine, &c. During the season, public breakfasts are given here twice a week. A neat theatre was erected in the year 1778, in which plays, during the summer months, are performed four times a VOL. VI. PART 11. week. These, with concerts and other amusements, tend to relieve the dull vacuity attendant upon lounging at a watering-place. There are various other public buildings. The fisherman's hospital is of a quadrangular form, and contains 20 rooms on the ground floor, each of which is intended for an old fisherman and his wife, who have a weekly allowance in money, and an annual allowance of coals. The hospital school, for feeding, clothing, and educating thirty boys and twenty girls, is supported by the corporation. The charity school, in which are clothed and educated seventy boys and thirty girls, is supported by voluntary subscriptions. The townhall, situated near the centre of the quay, is a handsome building, with a portico of the Tuscan order in front. The councilroom, which is also used for assemblies, is a fine well proportioned apartment. At one end is a full length portrait of king George II. in his coronation robes. The grand plan of the new harbour was executed under the direction of Joas Johnson, a Dutchman, who was brought from Holland to conduct the work. He commenced his operations by driving and hedging down large stakes and piles, to make a firm and substantial foundation. This was first done on the north side, and afterwards upon the south, for the purpose of forcing the refluent tide to run out, by a north-east channel, to the sea. The next step was the erecting piers and a jetty, for preventing the haven being overflowed, and preserving, at all states of tide, a sufficient depth of water for the ships to float at their moorings. The principal, or north pier, was at bottom 40 feet wide; at top 20 feet; and in length 235 yards. This was formed with large timber trees, joined and braced together by cross beams and ironwork. For the defence of this pier against the ravages of the ocean, a jetty was erected, in breadth at the base 16 feet; at the upper part eight; and in length 265 yards. The south pier, which is better built than the north pier, is 340 yards long, 30 feet broad, and 30 deep; 24 feet of the depth is generally under water, which, previous to the erection of this pier, was seldom more than three. This was intended for preventing the waters of the cld haven from running out south, in their progress to the sea. These piers, &c. have been considerably improved at different periods since their erection, particularly in the mayoralty of alderman Manship. The extent of the haven, between the north and south piers, is 1111 yards. During the late wars, the importance of Yarmouth was greatly increased, owing to its being a grand station for part of the British navy; 3 A the roads opposite the town affording safe anchorage for a numerous fleet. Here, accordingly, all the vessels engaged in carrying on the trade of the north of England, and the numerous colliers which pass from Shields, Sunderland, and Newcastle to London, and the shipping from Scotland, resort for protection against easterly storms. The harbour is perfectly secure against every danger, and is provided with two light-houses, one at Caistor, and one at Garleston; yet the coast is the most dangerous in Britain. A melancholy instance occurred in the year 1692, when about 140 sail were driven ashore in one fatal night, and 1000 people perished. In the year 1554 also, 50 sail of ships perished in one day; and a similar catastrophe befel a larger number in 1790. The inhabitants of Yarmouth have experienced great difficulties, and incurred continual and heavy expences, in forming and preserving the haven from decay. The present annual expences on the harbour, &c. amount to about L.2000. For meeting this vast expenditure, various powers have been granted by 11 different acts of parliament; the last of which was obtained in the year 1800. By virtue of this, the collector has a right to charge, as a harbour tax, one shilling on every chaldron of coals; also on every last of grain and weigh of salt: the same tax is likewise levied on every ton of goods of a different description, fish excepted, which are unladen in the harbour of Yarmouth. This place is advantageously situated for commerce, particularly to the north of Europe; and lying at the mouths of the rivers Yare, Bure, and Waveney, which are navigable for keels of 40 tons, has ready communications with the interior. Besides fishing smacks, upwards of 300 vessels belong to this port and its mariners are considered amongst the most able and expert navigators in the kingdom. Yarmouth was early distinguished, and still remains unrivalled, in the herring fishery; and the trade affords subsistence to about 6000 persons, besides those who carry the fish to foreign markets. The boats are large decked vessels, from 40 to 50 tons burden. Yarmouth has also a considerable coal trade. The first mention of Yarmouth is in Domesday book, whence we may infer that it originated in the early part of the Anglo-Saxon dynasty. About the year 1040, the northern channel of the Yare began to be obstructed by sand, which in duced the inhabitants to move their dwellings towards the southern branch of the river. The town quickly increased from the influx of foreigners, who came to this mart for the sale and purchase of fish; and in process of time it became the most flou rishing seaport town on this part of the YARMOUTH, or SOUTH YARNOUTH, a small seaport, borough, and parish of Eng land, situated on the north-western part of the Isle of Wight, Southamptonshire. It stands on a bank sloping towards the sea, and bears traces of having been formerly of greater extent than at present, its three churches being dwindled into one, though it is defended by a castle with a garrison. It has a quay, where small vessels can load and unload; and the place contains a few genteel houses, and has a neat markethouse, with a hall over it. This town sends two members to parliament, who are ehosen by the corporation. Market on Friday. Population 427. 8 miles N. N. W. of Newport, and 99 S. W. of London. YARMOUTH, a seaport of the United States, in Barnstable county, Massachusetts, 20 miles S. S. E. of Boston. Population 2131. YARMOUTH, a town on the west coast of Nova Scotia, 35 miles W. of Shelburn. YARMUC, OF YARUN, a village of Palestine, in the district of Saphet, on a small river of the same name, which falls into the lake of Tiberias. 24 miles S. E. of Saphet. YARMUC, a river of Syria, the ancient Marsyas, which runs into the Orontes, near Apamea. YARNESCOMBE, a parish of England, in Devonshire, 6 miles N. E. of Great Torrington. YARNFIELD, a hamlet of England, in Somersetshire, 8 miles E. N. E. of' Bruton. YARNTON, a parish of England, in Oxfordshire, 4 miles N. W. of Oxford. YAROCALLA, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Caxatamho. YARPOLE, a township of England, in Herefordshire, 5 miles from Leominster. YARROW, a parish of Scotland, in Selkirkshire, about 18 miles in length, and 16 in breadth. Population 1225. YARROW, a celebrated pastoral stream of Scotland, in Selkirkshire, which rises at a place called Yarrow Cleugh, very near the source of Moffat water; and running east a few miles, forms a beautiful lake called the loch of the Lows, which discharges its waters, after a course of 100 yards, into St Mary's loch, from which it issues; and, after a course of about 16 miles through the ancient district of Etterick forest, joins its waters to the Etterick, two miles above Selkirk. Near Newark castle, it forms highly romantic and picturesque scenery. The Braes of Yarrow" are celebrated in a very beautiful Scottish song. YARROW, a hamlet of England, in the parish of Mark, Somersetshire. YARUBA, a small river of Brazil, which runs east, and enters the Madera. YARUNCAI, a river of Quito, in the province of Cuença, which passes near the city of Quito. YARUQUI, a settlement of Quito, in Lat. 10. 7. S. YARUQUIES, a settlement of Quito, in the province of Riobamba. YARUSE, a settlement of Quito, in the province of Jaen de Bracamoros, which rises in the mountains of Loxa, runs from north to south, and enters the Santiago. YARWELL, a parish of England, in Northamptonshire, near Wandsford. YASOR, a parish of England, in Herefordshire, 5 miles S. of Weobley. YATA PRIMERO, a river of Quito, in the province of Moxos, which has its rise in a lake, and running north, and then east, with a winding course, enters the Madera. YATA, another river in the same province and government. It has the same origin as the former river, runs parallel to it, and enters also the Madera, towards the side where that river is entered by the Beni. YATAPIRI, a river of Brazil, which runs west, and enters the Parime, between the rivers Jocota and Janabini. YATCHING, a town of China, of the third rank, in Fokien. YATE, a parish of England, in Gloucestershire. Population 717.-2d, A township in Lancashire, near Blackburn. YATE'S RIVER, a small river of Western Africa, which fulls into the Atlantic, Long. 12. 15. W. Lat. 8. 8. N. YATEHOUSE, a township of England, in Cheshire, 1 mile N. of Middlewich. YATELEY, a hamlet of England, in Southamptonshire, 34 miles N. E. of Hartford Bridge. Population 360. YATESBURY, a parish of England, in Wiltshire, 4 miles E. by N. of Calne. YATHRIED, a lake of North America. Long. 98. W. Lat. 63. 10. N. YATI, a settlement of New Granada, in the province of Carthagena, on the shore of the river Cauca. YATTENDON, & parish of England, in Berkshire, 6 miles S. E. of East Ilsley. YATTON, a township of England, in Herefordshire, 6 miles Ñ. E. of Ross.—2d, A parish in Somersetshire, 8 miles N. of Axbridge. Population 1215. YATTON, KEYNELL, a parish of England, in Wiltshire. YAVARAYA, a small river of Brazil, in the province of Seara, which runs north between the rivers Jacunda and Pacajas, and enters the Amazons, in the arm formed by the island of Marajo. YAVARI, an island in the river Amazons. YAUCA, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Camatia. YAVEIRI, a river of Peru, in the province of Chaco. YAVERLAND, a parish of England, in the Isle of Wight, 8 miles from Newport. YAVI, a settlement of the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, in the province of Tucuman. YAVINCAN, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Caxamarca. YAVIZA, a settlement of the province of Darien, on the shore of the river Tuira. YAULI, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Huarochiri. YAULY, a town of Hindostan, province |