signed September 19, 1864, upon appointment as Principal of the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute.

Oliver Avery, A. M. December 8, 1864. Resigned January, 1867, at close of 45th term.

Joseph Alden, D. D., LL. D. April 24, 1867. Resigned at the end of fifteen years' continuous service.

Edward P. Waterbury, Ph. D., LL. D. June 22, 1882. For the first time in its history, the Normal School at Albany was now placed under the care of one of its own graduates.

THE NORMAL SCHOOL WAR RECORD.

In July, 1862, upon receipt of news of disaster in the "Seven Days' Battle" before Richmond, the young men of the Normal School felt that the time had come for them to do their share of duty in the national defense. Professors Rodney G. Kimball and Albert N. Husted volunteered to lead, and with the graduates and students of the Normal School as a nucleus, a company of one hundred men was enlisted, and on the twenty-fifth of September they were mustered into the service of the United States, " for three years or the war." The Faculty presented a valuable revolver to each officer, and a rubber blanket was purchased for each Normal member. The company became "Co. E," 44th N. Y. Volunteers ("Ellsworth Avengers"), and after three weeks' drill at the Albany barracks, it left for the seat of war, where they were attached to the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, 5th Army Corps. They joined this command on the twenty-third of October, at Antietam Ford, and served in seventeen engagements between December 11, 1862, and June 2, 1864.

When the three years of enlistment expired, August 8, 1864, but ten of the original hundred remained. These, with such as were absent, were then transferred to the 140th N. Y. Vols. and some were present at the final surrender at Appomattox. They were finally mustered out in June, 1865.1

46

1 An extended account of this service, prepared by Capt. Prof. A. N. Husted, will be found in the Historical Sketch of the State Normal School at Albany, N. Y., and a History of its Graduates for Forty Years." (1884), pp. xii-xv. Of this company, 13 were graduates and 12 undergraduates. Besides these, 79 others, formerly of the Normal School, served in various stations in the Union army from Brigadier-General to private. Four served for the "Lost Cause," of whom one was killed in battle.

The 2,420 reported 17,792 years in teaching, an average of 7.35 years to each. Counting the 166 unreported as not teaching, the average is 6.84 years. Of the 2,420 reported, 103 did not teach after graduation; 14 died within a year; 7 enlisted in the army, immediately after graduation; 6 were prevented by family duties caused by sickness and death; 4 were shattered in health and unable to teach; 11 ladies married immediately, and were unable to teach, and one was relieved from the obligation, upon payment of $75 for tuition, making 13 that reported valid reasons, and leaving 60, or about 2.7 per cent who were under obligations to teach but did not.

Of the 2,420 graduates, 88 became lawyers; 20 clergymen; 27 civil engineers; 56 physicians; 71 school officers, as State Superintendents, Assistant State Superintendents, Superintendents of Schools and School Commissioners; 102 instructors in this and other Normal Schools, authors (of many school books) and editors; 67 served in the war, of whom 12 died, and one is now a captain in the regular army.

It is believed that in addition to the above, about 8,000 undergraduates of the school have taught in District Schools.

The committee, in reporting the above statistics, express gratification at the results, as proving the error of a charge often made against the Normal School, that its graduates do not teach, but that, after being educated at the public expense, they engage in other pursuits.

1 From the 40th Report of the Executive Committee, made January, 1884. These statistics and those that follow were prepared by Principal Waterbury, who had undertaken exhaustive inquiries upon this subject. They are embodied in a separate publication (pp. xxxvii and 237) of which the title is cited on a preceding page. This work will be found to contain a complete list of Executive Committees and of all Instructors, with the exact time of their service, and a his torical notice of the educational and public services of each graduate, so far as could be ascertained by a most searching inquiry.

Recapitulation of the Number of Pupils and Graduations by Years and Terms.

Under the law establishing the Board of Regents, they were authorized to confer any Academic degree above that of Master of Arts. Under this authority they have conferred the honorary degrees of Doctor of Laws, Doctor of Civil Law, Doctor of Literature, Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Medicine.

By chapter 366 of the Laws of 1840, they were authorized to confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine on persons nominated by the State Medical Society, not to exceed four in any one year. The practice, however, dates back to a period anterior to this law, begin

ning in 1827, when Jonathan Eights, and five others, received the degree on the recommendation of the State Medical Society. This degree was an honorary degree, however, and in the law of 1840 it was specially provided that the diploma should not constitute a license to practice medicine. By various resolutions of the State Medical Society, it was determined that their candidates must possess moral and professional standing, must be of the age of thirty-five years or upwards, and must receive not less than two-thirds of the votes of the members present. An open nomination was first made, and afterward the names of the candidates, or such of them as each member should vote for, not exceeding four, are voted for in one ballot. So many as appear to have received two-thirds of all the votes of the members present, and those only, are presented to the Regentsi

By chapter 268 of the Laws of 1862, the same privilege was conferred on the State Homoeopathic Medical Society, and under this authority the honorary degree of Doctor of Medicine has since been conferred on persons nominated by that society.

Under chapter 746 of the Laws of 1872 the Regents of the University were empowered to appoint one or more boards of medical examiners, who were required to examine candidates referred to them by the Chancellor. On the favorable report of the examining board the Regents conferred the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and this degree constituted a license to practice medicine. The number of applicants for this examination has been very small, and only eight persons in thirteen years have received the degree.

By an act passed, May 29, 1880,' all practicing physicians were required to register their names in the county clerk's office of the county in which they resided, and to indicate in this the time and place of their graduation. This act gave to those holding medical diplomas of corporated Colleges the right of practicing, and repealed all foriner powers to license, excepting by the Board of Regents upon examination, as provided in chapter 746 of the Laws of 1872. Persons coming from another State were required to submit their diplomas to the faculty of some incorporated College in this State for approval, with evidence of good moral character, and of proper qualifications, as the faculty might require. The indorsement of the Dean of the Faculty was to be a sufficient license, and the sum of $20 was to be paid for examination and indorsement.

1 Chap. 315, Laws of 1880.

This act did not apply to those who at the time of the passage of the law had been ten years or more in practice, nor to those then in their studies who might graduate within two years thereafter.

Under the original charter of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the city of New York the Degrees were conferred by the Regents of the University on the recommendation of the Faculty. In 1860 an amendment to its charter was made, which transferred this right to confer degrees to the trustees of the College. During the fifty years between 1811 and 1860 the degree was conferred by the Regents on 1, 815 persons.

A similar provision existed for conferring the degree of Doctor of Medicine on candidates recommended by the College of Physicians and Surgeons for the western district. This College, located at Fairfield in Herkimer county, continued in operation from 1812 to 1840 and during that time the Regents conferred the degree on 577 persons.

Law Students' Examinations.

By a rule of the Court of Appeals, adopted under sanction of law May 4, 1882, for the admission to the bar of attorneys and counselors, it was required that no person should be allowed to enter upon a clerkship or substituted course of study, without passing the Regents' Examinations in certain studies specified, in accordance with the regulations observed in the examinations in Academies. Up to the end of the year 1884 314 certificates have been issued.

By an act passed June 6, 1877, the Legislature enacted as follows:

Scholastic Examinations.

"6. The Regents of the University shall establish in the Academies and Academic Departments of Union Schools, subject to their visitation, examinations in such branches of study as are commonly taught in the same, and shall determine the rules and regulations in accordance with which they shall be conducted; said examinations. shall be prescribed in such studies, and shall be arranged and conducted in such a manner, as in the judgment of the Regents will furnish a suitable standard of graduation from the said Academies. and Academic Departments of Union Schools, and of admission to the several Colleges of the State; and they shall confer such honorary certificates or diplomas as they may deem expedient upon those pupils who satisfactorily pass such examinations. And the said Regents are hereby authorized to establish exammations as to attainments in learning, of any person applying for admis sion to the same, to prescribe rules and regulations for the ad

Chap. 425, Laws of 1877.