Ships coming from the westward, and having brought Portland Point to bear about north, should steer E. N. E., so as to make the white light upon N. E. by N. bearing, continue the same course until the red light opens, bearing N. E., then haul up for it and proceed as before directed. The bright light will be exhibited from a single lamp, suspended to the beacon on Fort Augusta, 40 feet high, and will only be seen when to the southward and westward of it. It may be used as a guide through the south channel, by keeping it upon a N. by E. bearing, which will lead clear to the westward of the Portuguese buoy, and to the eastward of the Three Fathom Bank; but the use of this channel is not advisable at night except by the “drogers" and other small vessels. The following are the bearings and distances from Plumb Point light-house; Cow Bay Point, E. S. E. 8 miles; Lamotte's Bank E. S. E. 13 miles; Morant Cay, S. E. by E. 56 miles; East Middle Buoy, S. S. W. W. 1 mile; South East Cay, S. W. † S. 2} miles; Portuguese Buoy, W. S. W. 5 miles; Portland Rock, S. W. 61 miles. N. B. The whole of the bearings are magnetic, and it is recommended that they be strictly attended to. STATISTICS OF POPULATION, &c. POPULATION OF CUBA IN 1853. The population of Cuba, according to the latest official statements, is given in the subjoined table. The total fixed population of the whole island according to this table was in 1853, 1,900,060. FOREIGN POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1850. By the census of 1850, it appears that of the white population of the United States then amounting to 19,553,058, there were born in foreign countries 2,240,535 persons, viz.: males 1,239,434, females 1,001,101. Those ascertained to have been born in the United States amounted to 17,279,875, and 32,658 were reported unknown as to their nativity. It thus appears that the proportion of natives to foreigners, in 1850, was nearly eight to one in the whole United States. It should be observed that since the census of 1850 was taken, the foreign population has largely increased by immigration, amounting to over one million in all, so that the number of persons of foreign birth now in the United States, may be stated at about three and a half millions. The proportion of Germans among the recent immigrants has been very great, as appears from the following extract from an article in the New York Staats Zeitung, a German paper : For many years the Irish immigration was much the largest, until suddenly, from 69,883 in 1851, the German immigration increased to 118,126 in 1852, and thus surpassed the Irish. The following figures show the condition of the immigration during the last six years: German. German. 1849. 1850... 1851..... Irish. 212,681 66,705 1852.... Irish. 115,237 118,126 The number of immigrants that arrived here during the month of May, up to the 24th, was 30,590, of which 8,995 were Irish, and 18,560 Germans. The native countries of the foreign population in United States, in 1850, by the census, were as follows: PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN DETROIT. According to the Tribune, published in Detroit, (Michigan,) the increase of population to the present time has been as follows: This, however, includes only those strictly within the corporate limits, while there is both above and below the present boundaries a space quite equal to either of the city wards built up, and inhabited by people whose entire occupation and interests are in the city, and who should therefore properly be enumerated with it. Adding these to the number stated above, and we have a population of nearly or quite 40,000. The increase for the year 1853 was about 35 per cent, and from the many large enterprises now setting forward, and the extensive preparations for building, we cannot anticipate at the close of the current year a population of less than 50,000 or 55,000. In every direction the city is extending itself beyond its present limits, new streets are being opened, shops, dwellings, and stores, being erected in districts where both convenience, health, and security require the extension of the city laws and police, as well as improvements for drainage, water, paving, &c It is hoped that the charter may be amended at the earliest possible date, to embrace such sections as are thus situated. The value of the property there will be greatly enhanced, and the interests of the city promoted. JOURNAL OF MINING AND MANUFACTURES. MANUFACTURING AND OTHER COMPANIES IN MASSACHUSETTS. We have compiled from the returns made to the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the following abstract of Joint Stock Companies, established under the general act of Massachusetts, (May 15th, 1851. Chapter 133.) The statement below embraces the name, location, capital stock, number of shares, par value of shares, number of stockholders, and amount of capital paid in, in each of the years 1851, 1852 and 1853. This statement embraces only such corporations as have coinplied with the provisions of the act of May, 1851. ABSTRACTED RETURNS OF JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES, FILED IN SECRETARY'S OFFICE, 1851. ABSTRACTED RETURNS OF JOINT STOCK COMPANIES, FILED IN 1852. ABSTRACT OF JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES, FILED IN SECRETARY'S OFFICE, 1853. Name altered from Bowler, Tileston & Co's. Papier Mache Manufacturing Company. Shares Par No. stock- Capital Name and Location of Company. Boston Carpet Co., Roxbury.. Bolton Shoe Co., Bolton.... Cheshire Glass Co., Cheshire... Follett Straw Manufac. Co., Wrentham ... N. Am. Verd Antique Marble Co., Boston.. Taunton Britannia and Plate Co., Taunton. ....... It will be seen from the preceding summary, that the capital stocks of the several companies in the three years amounted to $3,165,800; and that at the time the returns were filed in the Secretary office, but $1,829,022 had been called in, less than half a million more than one-half the capital stock subscribed. By the detailed statement it will be seen that a number of the companies had received the whole amount of their capital before making their returns to the Secretary. ALCOHOL FROM PEA-PODS. The green pea season and the scarcity of alcohol have given rise to another unknown trade in Paris. Pea-pods have been, from time immemorial, in France, at least, considered as perfectly worthless, and have been allowed to encumber the pigpen in consequence. The collecting of this rejected matter between the hours of 7 and 9 in the morning, has now become a regular occupation, and is followed by that class of persons who, during the remainder of the day, pick up the ends of cigars. Pea-pods yield alcohol as abundantly, it has been found, as the beet-root or as pumpkins. In England, I believe, a sort of mild beer has been long obtained from them, with the admixture of sage and hops. Now that I am upon the subject of peas, I may as well state that in Paris they are always sold shelled. Those that shell them divide them into three sorts, big, middling and little. The littlest are the dearest, as they are the sweetest. Our favorite brand, the marrow fat, esteemed on account of size, would meet with no favor here. Its very development would class it among the poorer kinds, to be sold to poor people at rates much lower than cost.-Paris Letter to N. Y. Times. COAL, AND THE COAL TRADE. The high price of coal is a matter of very general complaint; and it is charged by some parties upon the city dealers, by them upon the miners, and by the miners upon the transportation companies and high freights. All of them admit that coal is too high, but all assert they make nothing by the advance. The Miners' Journal accounts for the rise thus: On the opening of the trade this spring, our operators fixed the price of coal at a fair rate, but the demand was so great that purchasers kept bidding over each other for coal, until the prices were run up fifty cents a ton higher than the rates sold for the previous years, and wages went up accordingly. The Reading Railroad and Schuylkill Canal run up their rates about fifty cents ahead of the prices of the previous year, from the same causes; and the freights to Boston run up from one dollar and fifty cents as high as three dollars and sixty cents per ton, to Providence from one dollar and twenty-five cents to two dollars and fifty cents. These are the causes of the high prices of coal; the trade here has nothing to do with increasing the rates. The investment of capital in mines by individual operators is estimated at four million dollars in Schuylkill alone. The capital invested in means of transportation is over fifty million dollars, of which the leading works are as follows: These works produced last year five million five hundred thousand tons of coal; of which New York afforded a market for one-half. The Maryland coal trade last year, also received a great development, and the whole has been as follows: THE CUMBERLAND COAL TRADE FROM 1842 TO 1853, INCLUSIVE. With this immense development of the trade, the coal regions are as yet scarcely touched. The New York Central Railroad, the Delaware and Lackawanna Railroad, and the Erie Railroad, are all susceptible of transporting quantities as large as does the Reading road, and that work reduced the price nearly one-half. Of late, no doubt, the consumption of coal has been very large, like that of everything else, and prices rose on the supply of last year. With this experience, no doubt what the "Miners' Journal" says is true, that dealers expected the same thing to happen this year, and they competed wildly with each other for coal and freights, laying in stocks at prices far above those of usual years, stimulating a great production, which is seen in the enhanced receipts thus far this year. In the meantime, the face of affairs has greatly changed. Business of all descrip |