27.-Complete Encyclopedia of Music. Elementary, Technical, Historical, Biographical, Vocal, and Instrumental. By JOHN W. MOORE. Royal 8vo., pp. 1,004. Boston: John P. Jewett & Co. New York: Sheldon, Lamport & Blakeman. The title, Complete Encyclopedia of Music, is not a misnomer. It is in every respect what its title imports, and as complete, in our view, as any human production of its kind can well be made. In its preparation, Mr. Moore entered upon an unoccupied field, no such work having been compiled before either in the United States or in the United Kingdom; the only work resembling it in the least, we are told, is a small Lexicon, published by the author some ten years since. It presents a view of the whole subject of music, elementary, technical, historical, biographical, vocal, and instrumental, each article being arranged under appropriate heads. The elements of music are clearly and comprehensively explained and exemplified. Definitions and explanations of more than 5,000 technical terms are given, in connection with much historical and valuable information. It contains a full, though not elaborate, history of the science of music from the earliest time to the present-a very full and complete musical biography, embracing a succinct memoir of more than 3,000 distinguished musical celebrities and composers, bringing many of the notices down to 1854. It contains two hundred or more short yet important essays upon various subjects con nected with the art and science of music. In short it seems to embody all the neces sary information which may be required by those who wish to arrive at eminence as vocalists or musicians. But it is not alone to that class that it will be useful; the man of letters and literary taste, whatever his profession, will find it a most valuable volume of reference, containing a class of topics which he can nowhere find so admirably classed and arranged. Its one thousand and four double columned royal octavo pages, would spread over twenty volumes in the London style of publication; and the type on which it is printed, though comparatively small, is very clear and distinct. Artistically or mechanically speaking, it forms one of the best printed and handsomest books that has ever been produced in this or any other country, and is in the highest degree creditable to the liberal enterprise of the publishers. 28.-Organic Christianity; or the Church of God. With its Offices and Government, and its Divisions and Vocations, both in Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Times: embracing a thorough exposition and defense of Church Democracy. By LEICESTER A. SAWYER. 12mo., pp. 455. Boston: J. P. Jewett & Co. This work is designed as a text-book for the study of Ecclesiology and Church Polity in theological seminaries. It is divided into four parts. The first embraces a critical examination of the Church as instituted by Christ and administered and extended by the Apostles. The second part describes the gradual rise of Episcopacy and Papacy in the West, and Episcopacy and Patriarchy in the East; together with Monachism, and other deviations from Apostolic usages. The third part relates to the Patriarchial and Papal Churches, and the fourth to the revolutionary Churches of modern times. Presbyterianism and Congregationalism are examined; and the work is believed to be the most complete of its kind heretofore published. 29.-A Treatise on the Camp and March. With which is Connected the Construction of Field-Works and Military Bridges. With an Appendix of Artillery Ranges, &c., for the Use of Volunteers and Militia in the United States. By HENRY D. GRAFTON, Captain First Regiment U. S. Artillery. 12mo., pp. 88. Boston: Fetridge & Co. The accomplished author of this treatise has presented in a clear and concise form the rudimental principles of military tactics. It is all that its title imports, and may justly be regarded as the most comprehensive treatise of its class now accessible to the volunteer soldier. It should be in the hands of every military man in the country. 30.-Angel Whispers; or the Echo of Spirit-voices. Designed to Comfort those who Mourn. By DANIEL C. EDDY. 12mo., pp. 218. Boston: Dayton & Wentworth. This book may be read with profit and interest by all classes, although it is intended to supply a want which has been felt by those for whom it was specially designed. The children of affliction are many, and this offering of sympathy to the bereaved is admirably adapted to meet the various conditions of sorrow which so frequently crush the wounded spirit, and to yield the consolation and comfort required. We would commend it to the tried and troubled as a solace in affliction, and to all who feel interested in the great truths which are here presented. ART. CONTENTS OF NO. VI., VOL. XXXI. ARTICLES. PAGE I. COMMERCE OF THE united sTATES.-No. xii. Grain-Provisions-Wool and Woolens-Hemp and its Encouragement-Flax-Bounty on Canvas-Irish Linen-Cotton-Silk and Wine-Tobacco-Rice made Unenumerated-Leather-Hat Manufacture and Trade-Rum-Paper-Ship-building-European Trade-The Enumerated ListGreat Britain-Ireland-South of Europe-The West Indies-Trade with the Foreign Islands-Complaint of the British Islands-Reply of the Continentals. By ENOCH HALE, Jr., Esq., of New York.. II. A STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS.-No. I. General AspectCentral Position of Illinois-Territorial Extent of Seven Largest States-Compared with other States and European Countries-Manufactures of Rhode Island and South Carolina compared-Mississippi Valley-Rivers-Temperature-Advantages of location of Illinois, etc., etc. By Jous D. PEYTON, Esq., of Chicago, Illinois..... 659 669 III, PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES.-No. 1. The Census of 1850, being the Seventh Decennial Enumeration under the Constitution. By the Hon. GEORGE TUCKER, of Pennsylvania.. 675 IV. THE PROFITS AND WASTES OF AGRICULTURE. By Hon. GEORGE S. BOUTWELL, late Governor of Massachusetts...... 692 V. COMMERCE OF THE CRIMEA... 701 VI. THE USURY LAWS...... 701 VII. THE COTTON TRADE. By C. F. McCAY, Professor in the College of South Carolina... 707 JOURNAL OF MERCANTILE LAW. Maritime Law-Collision... Contracts-Sale and Delivery-Waiver..... Extension of Time-Surety's Liability....... COMMERCIAL CHRONICLE AND REVIEW: 712 714 715 EMBRACING A FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES, ETC., ILLUSTRA TED WITH TABLES, ETC., AS FOLLOWS: Commercial Embarrassments-The Gathering and Bursting of the Storm-The Bank PanicCondition of the Banks in New York, Boston, and Massachusetts-Illegitimate Banks and Banking-Deposits and Coinage at the Philadelphia and New Orleans Mints for October, and at all the Mints for the first Nine Months of the Year, and since the Date of their Organization -Receipts for Cash Duties at New York and Philadelphia-Imports at New York for October, and since January 1st-Imports of Dry Goods-Exports from New York for October, and since January 1st-Shipments of Specie-Comparative Exports of Domestic Produce-Quarterly Statement of Exports from New Orleans, etc... 716-725 725 JOURNAL OF BANKING, CURRENCY, AND FINANCE. Real and Personal Property in Chicago in 1854.. The California Gold Product..... Trade and Gold Supplies of England... Condition of the Banks of New Orleans.... The New British Stamp Act.-Hamburg Money-Changers... Moneys appropriated by the Congress of the United States. Bank and Railroad Stocks.-The Issue of Fraudulent Stock in Vermont. Debts and Debtors in England...... PAGE. 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 732 Expenditures in Boston in 1803-4 and in 1853-4,-Condition of the Banks of Vermont in 1853-4. 733 Life Insurance-Wright's Tables..... JOURNAL OF INSURANCE. COMMERCIAL REGULATIONS. Life Insurance Companies.. French Tariff Alterations.... Emigration and the Marine Hospital....... Act relating to Auctioneers in Minnesota....... Free Ships Make Free Goods-Treaty between the United States and Russia.. 734 736 737 738 739 741 741 The Reciprocity Treaty in Canada.-Letters by the British Mail Packets.-Postage in France.... 742 COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. Statistics of Trade and Commerce of Ireland.-Comparative Commerce of our Cities.. Navigation, Commerce, and Fisheries of Massachusetts... Kentucky Tobacco Trade in 1854.-American Commercial Enterprise in Australia........... Population of Ireland from 1805 to 1853.-Figures about the Population of the World.......... 755 Corn Measures of European and other ports.-Public Lands for Actual Settlers and Cultivators 760 Iron Ore in Virginia for Iron Manufactures.-The Pacific Mill at Lawrence MERCANTILE MISCELLANIES. ............. 765 767 768 769 Commercial Importance of California.. How to Commence Business.. What a Moralist says of Gold.-The Adventurous Spirit of American Commerce The Wife of a Merchant's Clerk.-The Honest Shop Boy.... The Camphor of Commerce-A Fact Touching It.-Acorn and Chicory Coffee.. 769 770 771 772 773 774 Progress of Free Trade in Europe.-Credit in Paris.-A Sample Clerk Wanted in a Drug Store.. 775 Iceland a Field for Commercial Enterprise.-The Material for Adulterating Tea...... 776 THE BOOK TRADE. Notices of new Books or new Editions.... 777-784 HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW. DECEMBER, 1854. Art. I.-COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. NUMBER XII. GRAIN-PROVISIONS—WOOL AND WOOLENS HEMP AND ITS ENCOURAGEMENT-FLAX-BOUNTY ON CANVAS-IRISH LINEN-COTTON SILK AND WINE- TOBACCO- RICE MADE UNENUMERATEDLEATHER-HAT MANUFACTURE AND TRADE-RUM-PAPER-SHIP-BUILDING-EUROPEAN TRADETHE ENUMERATED LIST-GREAT BRITAIN IRELAND-SOUTH OF EUROPE-THE WEST INDIES— TRADE WITH THE FOREIGN ISLANDS-COMPLAINT OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS-REPLY OF THE CONTINENTALS. PRODUCTS OF AGRICULTURE. GRAIN, &c. All kinds of English grain, together with Indian corn, peas, &c., were produced in all the colonies, and formed important articles of export. Flour, meal, and biscuit were also exported in considerable amount from the middle colonies. The export of wheat, flour, and bread, &c., from Pennsylvania for the years 1729, 1730, and 1731, was as follows: South Carolina exported in 1739, of Indian corn and peas, 20,165 bushels, and of potatoes 790 bushels. The price of wheat in New York in 1742 was 3s. 6d. per bushel. A considerable quantity of grain was shipped to the West Indies, but the chief markets at this time were in Spain and Portugal. From Great Britain there was exported to these countries, together with France and Italy, yearly, about 1732, 800,000 quarters of grain, the estimated value of which, including freight, was 1,000,000l. The total export of wheat from England in 1735 was 153,343 quarters, upon which a bounty was paid of 38,3357.; and of grain of all sorts, 433,893 quarters, upon which the bounty was 72,4331. The colonists lacked the encouragement of such a bounty upon the exportation of their cereals. The French had cleared much of the fertile lands around the lakes, and were raising there plentiful crops of wheat, which they designed to make an article of export, by way of the Mississippi, to their sugar colonies. PROVISIONS. The production and export of various kinds of provisions was common to all the colonies, but the middle colonies were in the lead in this branch. Pennsylvania exported barreled beef and pork, bacon, hams, butter, cheese, &c. For provisions and liquors, she received yearly from the Dutch island of Curacoa, 4,000 to 6,000 pistoles. The trade of New Jersey was chiefly in provisions, shipped through Pennsylvania and New York. New England, beside those produced by herself, bought large quantities from the other colonies. The great markets were the South of Europe and the English and foreign West Indies. The Northern colonies sent large amounts also to the Dutch colonies in South America-Surinam, Essequibo, &c. HORSES AND OXEN were exported in large numbers from the Northern and Middle colonies to the West Indies, being raised expressly for that business. WOOL was raised to some extent in all the colonies. In New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and in Somerset county, Maryland, there were some coarse woolen manufactures; but this was all for private use. The enterprise had started and made most progress in Massachusetts, but was declining about 1730, the country people, who had formerly made most of their clothing, now using British woolens for more than two-thirds their whole consumption, these being cheaper than the homemade cloth. The Board of Trade admit the raising of sheep to be essential to the colonial farmers. They also pronounced the wool of Virginia and Maryland equal to the best English qualities. There were computed to be, in 1739, employed in the woolen manufactures of Great Britain 1,500,000 people, the average earnings per day of each individual being sixpence. With operatives so paid to compete with, it is no wonder that family weaving decayed in New England. HEMP. The act of Parliament, in 1721, to encourage naval stores, also continued for sixteen years the existing premium of 67. a ton upon hemp raised in and imported from the colonies, and made the importation free of all customs whatever. The Commissioners of the Navy were to have pre-emption of the hemp so imported for 20 days after landing. In 1730 there was imported 50 cwt. of hemp from New England and Carolina, and 3 cwt. from Virginia, which is described as an entirely new export of those colonies. Pennsylvania, about 1730, encouraged the production of hemp by a bounty of 14d. per lb. additional to that of the Parliament. The policy of further encouragement was much discussed in England about 1737. The merchants petitioned for the prohibition of foreign hemp, declaring if it had been done before, America, under the existing bounty, would have been able to supply Great Britain with all the hemp she needed. The effort failed, along with the attempt to offer encouragements to the production of iron in the colonies. FLAX was raised, like hemp, in all the colonies, and in the Southern ones it was of excellent quality. Linen cloth had been to some extent manufactured, especially in Massachusetts, but was sharing the fate of the |