increased by the acquisition of Texas; while in 1840 the number had been diminished by the migrations of slaveholders of the United States to that country. The number in Texas at the time of annexation (1845) was about 21,000, which by natural multiplication would have increased to somewhat more than 35,000. This double operation of Texas on the slave population is sufficient for nearly 2 per cent on the ratio of increase. The residue is to be referred to several circumstances; there have been few cases of manumission in the last ten years, owing partly to a change of public sentiment on this subject in the slaveholding States, and partly to an extension by State legislation of the policy of prohibiting it. The same circumstances contribute to explain the falling off in the increase of the free colored class in the last ten years, from 20.88 per cent to 12.47 per cent. Another cause of the greater increase of slaves is a diminished mortality between 1840 and 1850, both because the Asiatic cholera and yellow fever had been less prevalent in that period, and because there was a greater proportion who had become acclimated in the South. That this class of our population have been better cared for, or have experienced more frequent or more efficient medical treatment, would also contribute to explain the difference; but I am aware of no facts that would much support such an hypothesis. The males and females of each class were thus distributed according to age: As the proportion of children under ten was less in been in 1830 in all the three classes, so was it less in been in 1840. Their proportion under that age was— 1840 than it had 1850 than it had In 1850. 28.00 per cent. 66 27.36 66 31.60 66 This proportionate diminution of children in the class of whites, may be caused by the greater delay of marriage, an increase of celibacy from any cause, and it may in part proceed from an increased mortality among children, from a greater number having been transported to less healthy regions. It certainly is affected by the increased number of immigrants, who have a larger proportion of deaths. But in the class of slaves, only the second cause, of a greater number removing to a less healthy climate, seems likely to have any influence, unless some gradual and unseen change of manners and sentiments with them also produces postponement of marriage. The population in the slaveholding States is distributed among the three classes, as follows: States and Territories. Whites. colored. 71,169 18,073 417,943 74,723 37,941 10,059 894,800 54,333 North Carolina.. 288,548 63.6 03.01 33.02 Total........... 9,664,656 6,222,418 238,737 8,204,051 64.9 02.46 33.15 The distribution in this class of States in 1840, was.. 68.41 2.92 33.67 From which it appears that the whites in the slaveholding States have continued to gain on both the colored classes, though the gain of the one and the loss of the other is not quite one per cent. But in seven of the States-North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Kentucky-the slave population has gained somewhat on the whites. CHAPTER II. PROGRESS OF THE POPULATION IN EACH STATE, AND IN THE UNION, IN SIXTY YEARS. THE POPULATION OF EACH STATE AND TERRITORY, AS EXHIBITED BY SEVEN ENUMERATIONS IN SIXTY YEARS, WITH THE DECENNIAL INCREASE OF EACH. DECENNIAL INCREASE. 1850. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. 583,169 57.16 50.74 30.45 33.89 317,976 29.50 16.65 13.90 10.03 5.66 11.73 314,120 80.08 40.95 8.29 19.04 4.02 994,514 11.76 11.53 10.88 16.65 20.82 147,545 0.01 11.44 7.83 17.02 11.97 35.57 370,792 5.40 4.40 5.02 8.17 4.13 19.62 1840. 1850. 25.62 16.22 7.59 34.81 2,234,822 22.13 19.34 12.77 17.77 14.33 22.07 Pennsylvania. Delaware. Dis, of Columbia 1,337,456 1,820,984 2,491,988 3,212,983 4,151,286 5,118,076 6,624,988 36.15 36.85 28.77 29.20 23.29 2.34 14.67 76,748 78,085 447,040 470,019 39,834 43,712 1,421,661 17.63 10.73 9.31 13.70 869,039 21.42 16.19 15.09 15.52 2.09 15.35 668,507 38.75 20.12 21.11 15.60 906,185 96.37 55.71 35.08 51.57 33.78 31.07 87,445 56.86 60.52 1,473,680 1,865,995 2,197,670 2,547,936 3,082,130 3,333,483 3,952,887 26.62 17.77 15.94 20.96 8.16 18.58 1800. VOL. XXXI.-NO. VL 1810. *144,317 ...... PROGRESS OF THE POPULATION IN EACH STATE, AND IN THE UNION, IN SIXTY YEARS.-(CONTINUED.) THE POPULATION OF EACH STATE AND TERRITORY, AS EXHIBITED BY SEVEN ENUMERATIONS IN SIXTY YEARS, WITH THE DECENNIAL INCREASE OF EACH. 1790. ......... Alabama 1820. DECENNIAL INCREASE. 1840. 1850. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. 1840. 1850. 590,756 771,623 ... 142.00 90.86 30.62 355.95 86.97 81.08 174.96 61.46 100.39 40.63 63.35 46.92 375,651 606,526 215,739 30,388 97,574 209,897 .... 112.95 221.09 115.12 .... 681,904 829,210 1,002,717 195.05 147.84 61.55 61.28 21.60 20.92 810,258 1,374,179 2,245,602 3,321,117 219.78 230.82 113.99 69.60 63.41 47.89 219.43 110.94 173.18 77.75 982,405 202.35 83.98 38.82 21.90 13.36 25.98 1,980,329 403.67 151.92 61.30 62.00 30.33 402.67 500.24 133.07 99.94 44.11 476,183 851,470 212,267 397,654 30,945 305,391 ..... 43,112 192,214 1,423,622 2,298,390 4,131,370 6,379,923 271.11 158.00 103.47 61.45 79.75 54.43 Aggregate...... 3,929,827 5,305,925 7,239,814 9,654,596 12,866,020 17,069,453 23,191,876 35.01 36.45 33.35 33.26 32.67 35.87 This number exceeds by 16,416 that recently published at the census office which has followed the first official statement of the census, whereas the number here given conforms to a later official statement. (See ante, page 32.) Oregon. Utah THE DECENNIAL INCREASE OF EACH OF THE GREAT LOCAL DIVISIONS IN SIXTY YEARS. INCREASE OF POPULATION FROM AUGUST 1, 1790. Local Divisions. 10 Years. 20 Years. 30 Years. 40 Years. 50 Years. 60 Years THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION INTO THE THREE CLASSES OF WHITES, FREE PERSONS OF COLOR, AND SLAVES, WITH THE DECENNIAL INCREASE OF EACH CLASS. THE RELATIVE PROPORTION OF THE THREE CLASSES AT EACH CENSUS FROM 1790 TO 1850. By which the whites have gained and the colored population have lost 3.6 per cent in sixty years, and the free population have gained and the slaves have lost 4 per cent. |