and on the same day was ratified by that body. By the terms of this convention the military forces of the State, and all military operations were to be under the control of the President of the Confederate States until Tennessee should become a member of the Confederacy. When the State should enter the Confederacy, she was to turn over to it all the public property acquired from the United States, upon terms previously agreed upon between the Confederacy and other States under like circumstances. All war expenses of the State after secession and before entering the Confederacy were to be repaid it by the Confederate States.10

On May 6th had been passed "An Act to organize and equip a provisional force and for other purposes.' Under the provisions of this Act, the Governor was to raise 55,000 volunteers, 25,000 for active service, and 30,000 as a reserve, and was to organize the army thus created, for twelve months. There were to be two Major Generals, and such subordinate officers as might be necessary. To meet the expenses of this proceeding the Governor was authorized to issue $5,000,000.00 of State bonds, to run for not exceeding ten years and to bear ten per cent interest. The County Courts were authorized to raise home guards for three months service, to be equipped and paid by the counties. Incorporated towns were authorized

10 Acts of Tennessee, Second Extra Session, 1861, chapter

to levy special taxes and to issue bonds to defray the expenses of military defense.11

On May 8th an Act was passed prohibiting suits in courts of the State by nonresidents of the slaveholding States, and making it lawful for debtors of such persons to pay the amounts due from them into the State Treasury, which would refund them with interest at the end of hostilities.12

At the election of June 8th the vote was nearly 20,000 larger than in February, to-wit: for separation, 108,399; against separation, 47,233. Of the negative votes, 32,923 were cast in East Tennessee, 7,956 in Middle Tennessee, and 6,117 in West Tennessee. The aggregate for representation in the Confederate Congress was 107,712, against it, 47,359. The votes cast in the various military camps seem to have aggregated less than 13,000.13

An examination of the vote in detail will show that throughout the State the influence of recent events had been very great. On the question of separation the vote in East Tennessee was a little more than two to one against separation, but whereas Middle Tennessee had given a majority against the Convention at the February election, it now gave a majority of more than 50,000 for separation. On the 24th of June

11 Acts of Tennessee, Second Extra Session, 1861, chapter III.

12 Acts of Tennessee, Second Extra Session, 1861, chapter VI.

13Goodspeed's History of Tennessee, page 776; Rebellion Records, Series IV, volume I, page 901.

the Governor issued a proclamation formally dissolving the connection of Tennessee with the United States, and on July 22d, President Davis proclaimed Tennessee a member of the Confederacy. On the first of August, 1861, Tennessee voted to adopt the permanent Constitution of the Confederate States, and on the 24th of October elected G. A. Henry and Landon C. Haynes, Senators in the Confederate Congress. Thus the State became a fully equipped and active member of the new Republic. Meanwhile, military preparations had progressed rapidly. On June 18th the Governor reported to the Legislature that he had already organized, armed, and equipped, twenty-one regiments of infantry and had put them in the field, and that ten artillery companies, a cavalry regiment, and an engineer corps were being organized. In addition there were already three independent Tennessee regiments in the Confederate service.

It will be seen that Middle and West Tennessee carried Tennessee out of the Union. They were large slaveholding sections, and East Tennessee was not.

On May 30th, 1861, after the passage of the ordinance of secession by the Legislature, but before the election, a Convention composed mainly of East Tennessee Loyalists together with a few from Middle Tennessee, held in Knoxville, promulgated a vigorous protest against secession. Ten days after the June election, this Convention held a second session at Greeneville, where it reaffirmed the position taken at Knox

ville, and appointed a committee to prepare a memorial to the Legislature, asking that East Tennessee be allowed to become a separate State:11

The Legislature declined to grant the petition, or rather, did not act upon it further than to refer it to a committee. The attitude of East Tennessee at this time caused the Confederate Government, upon the solicitation of State authorities, to send troops into that section, with the result of causing the exodus of a large part of the male population, and a corresponding increase in the Federal army, into which a great majority of the refugees volunteered. The Tennessee Legislature which was elected in 1861, met at Nashville, in December of that year, and adjourned to January 20th, 1862. It sat in Nashville from January 20th, to February 15th, 1862, the day before the fall of Fort Donelson, when it adjourned to Memphis. On March 20th, 1862, it adjourned without a day.

In the declaration of independence submitted to the people at the election of June the 8th, 1861, it was ordained that all laws and ordinances by which Tennessee became a member of the "Federal Union of the United States of America" be abrogated and that Tennessee be henceforth, "a free, sovereign, and independent State." The clauses of the State Constitution, requiring State officers to take an oath to support the Constitution of the United States, and all clauses

14 Printed Journal of Convention in Lawson McGhee Library at Knoxville, Tennessee.

recognizing the Federal Constitution as the supreme law of the land were "abrogated and annulled."15

On the 3rd of March, 1862, Andrew Johnson was commissioned by President Lincoln as Military Governor of Tennessee, and entered on his duties on the twelfth of that month, the City of Nashville having been occupied by the Federal armies. Mr. Lincoln thought that Governor Johnson should conduct the affairs of the State, so far as possible under its own laws, and without unnecessary use of his military powers.

Conditions in the State, and, to some extent, the temperament of the Governor, were unfavorable to this policy. The people were not ready to accept the situation, and Governor Johnson was a man of great will power, and combativeness. It is only just to him. to say that no one could have filled his place without incurring much ill will and censure from political opponents, and twelve years later he was elected Senator by the Democrats of Tennessee, who now opposed him so bitterly. Pursuing his usual bold and open policy, he made a number of speeches, in the course of which he said many things which must be attributed to, and excused by, the excitement of the time.

In the exercise of his powers he established a provisional government, with Edward H. East as Secretary of State, Joseph S. Fowler as Comptroller, Horace Maynard as Attorney General, and Edmund Cooper

15 Acts of Tennessee, Second Extra Session, 1861, page 16.