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Behold me, then, with a zeal whose sincerity at least deserved some success, sitting down, dictionary in hand, to my task of self-conversion; having secured one great step towards the adoption of a new creed, in the feeling little short of contempt with which I looked back upon the old (T. Moor's Trav. of an Irish gentl.)

one.

1. To CHANGE, 2. ALTER, 3. VARY. 1. Wechseln, ändern, verändern (austauschen, vertauschen); 2. ändern, verändern; 3. verändern, vermannigfaltigen.

Das erste Zeitwort bedeutet, etwas an die Stelle eines andern Dinges segen; das zweite, seine frühere Gestalt und Art åndern; das dritte, dieselbe Handlung mit dem Zusage verschiedener Arten zu verschiedenen Zeiten.

We change our clothes whenever we put on others; we change our habitation.

The general remedy of those who are uneasy without knowing the cause, is change of place. (Johnson.) The tailor alters clothes which are found not to fit. He has altered his conduct.

All things are but alter'd, nothing dies.

(Dryden.)

The tailors varies the fashion whenever he makes new clothes. We must vary our manner of speaking and thinking, according to circum

stances.

In every work of the imagination, the disposition of parts, the insertion of incidents, and use of decorations, may be varied a thousand ways with equal propriety. (Johnson.)

The genius developed in Sandanapalus is more gorgeous and varied than in any other of Byron's works. (Bulwer's England.)

1. CHANGEABLE, 2. MUTABLE, 3. VARIABLE, 4. INCONSTANT, 5. FICKLE, 6. VERSATILE.

1. Veränderlich; 2. veränderlich (unbeständig, wankelmüthig); 3. veränderlich; 4. unbeständig, veränderlich; 5. wandelbar, unbeständig, veränderlich; 6 wechselnd, veränderlich (gewandt).

Das erste wird von Dingen und Personen gesagt, es betrifft im lehten Falle das Gemüth, und entsteht aus Mangel an festen Grundsåßen; das zweite nur von Dingen; das dritte betrifft den Zustand der Gefühle, oft wankend und von Laune abhängend; das vierte die Neigung; das fünfte Liebe, Neigung, Unhänglichkeit, und entsteht aus Unbeständigkeit; das sechste wird auf Talent angewendet, bedeutet eine große Gewandtheit in Allem, eine Naturgabe, die vortheilhaft gebraucht werden kann.

Men are the most changeable and inconstant; women are the most variable and fickle.

People who are changeable in their views and plans are particularly unfit for the government of a state; those who are variable in their humours are unsuitable as masters. Inconstant people ought to be shunned as lovers; those of a fickle disposition ought not to be chosen as friends. With respect to other alterations which the Saxon language appears to have undergone, we have no need to inquire minutely how far they have proceeded from the natural mutability of human speech especially among an unlearned people. (Tyrwhitt.)

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Lord North was a man of admirable parts; of general knowledge, of a versatile understanding, fitted for every sort of business, of infinite wit and pleasantry, and of a delightful temper. (Burke.)

In the heigth of his reputation, and at a premature period of life, thus died Lorenzo de' Medici; a man who may be selected from all the characters of ancient and modern history, as exhibiting the most remarkable instance of depth of penetration, versatility of talent, and comprehension of mind. (Roscoe's Life of Lorenzo.)

One cause of the comparative unpopularity of the play is, perhaps, that the style is less rich and musical than that of the poems; but the principal cause is in that very versatility, that very coming out from self, the want of which has been so superficially complained of.

(Bulwer's Engl.)

1. CHARACTER, 2. LETTER.

1. Schrift, Hand- oder Druckschrift; 2. Druckbuchstabe, Schrift, Letter,

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Das erste Hauptwort verhält sich zu dem zweiten wie das Geschlecht oder Gattung zur Art. Das erste wird auch bildlich gebraucht, das leste nicht. Character ist jedes geschriebene oder gedruckte Schriftzeichen; letter, eine Art von character, einen Theil eines Wortes bildend.

Every letter is a character, but every character is not a letter. Character is any printed mark that serves to designate something; a letter is a species of character which is the constituent part of a word. Short-hand and hieroglyphics consist of characters, but not of letters. A grateful person has the favours which are conferred upon him written in indelible characters upon his heart.

Farewell! This letter touches thine hand; these characters meet thine eyes shall they be more blest than he who is their author? Once more, farewell! (Bulwer's Last days of Pompeii.)

He removed a seal ring from his finger, in which were some Arabic characters, and presented it to me. (Byron's Fragm.)

On the contrary, so wedded were they (the Irish people) to their own letters, that, even in writing latin words, they would never admit any Roman character that was not to be found in their primitive alphabet, but employed two or more of their ancient characters to represent the same organic sound. (Th. Moore's hist. of Ireland.)

Heav'n first taught letters for some wretch's aid,
Some banish'd lover, or some captive maid;

They live, they speak, they breathe what love inspires,
Warm from the soul, and faithful to its fires,
The virgin's wish without her fears impart,
Excuse the blush, and pour out all the heart,
Speed the soft intercourse from soul to soul,
And waft a sigh from Indus to the pole.

(Pope's Eloisa to Abelard.)

1. CHEERFUL, 2. MERRY, 3. SPRIGHTLY, 4. GAY.

1. Heiter, munter, aufgeräumt, fröhlich; 2. lustig; 3. lebhaft, munter, luftig; 4. fröhlich, lustig, munter.

Das erste bezeichnet stille Heiterkeit, Zufriedenheit des Herzens und Leidenlosigkeit, ein zur Gewohnheit gewordener Gemüthszustand; das zweite mehr lärmende, die eine Kleinigkeit in Traurigkeit verwandelt; das Gesicht eines so Lustigen sieht oft traurig aus; es ist zufällige Lustigkeit; das dritte wird oft in spåtern Jahren Gleichgültigkeit gegen körperliche Leiden, oder düsteres Verzagen; das vierte ist ebenso vergånglich, als die Vergnügungen, die es hervorgerufen, oft folgt ihm Mißvergnügen und mürrisches Wesen, es hångt ganz von äußern Umständen ab.

A cheerful person smiles; a merry person laughs; a sprightly person dances; a gay person takes his pleasure.

Religion is the best promoter of cheerfulness; it makes its possessor pleased with himself and all around him.

The old man, as soon as the dance ended, said, that this was their constant way; and that all his life long he had made it a rule, after supper was over, to call out his family to dance and rejoice; believing, he said, that a cheerful and contented mind was the best sort of thanks to Heaven that an illiterate peasant could pay. Or a learned prelate either, said I. (Sentim. Journey.)

Homer, Virgil, Ariosto, Voltaire, Goethe, Cervantes and perhaps, a lower grade Scott, Fielding, Le Sage, Molière, what a serene and healthful cheerfulness, nay, what a quick and vigorous zest of life, are glowingly visible in all! (Bulwer's Stud.)

For labour's light as ease

That cheerfulness doth take in hand. Be like
(Knowles' William Tell.)

The sun.

Company and wine are but too often the only promoters of mirth. I have always preferred cheerfulness to mirth: the latter I consider as an act, the former as an habit of the mind. Mirth is short and transient; cheerfulness fixed and permanent. (Addison.)

She was now arrived at that period of life which takes, or is supposed to take, from the flippancy of girlhood those sprightlinesses with which some goodnatured old maids oblige the world at three-score.

(Mackenzie's Man of feeling.)

A Summer night in green - wood spent,
Were but to-morrow's merriment,

(Lady of the Lake.)

I have endeavoured to paint France France as France is

only France serious, but France gay.

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(Bulwer's France.)

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Here was the scene of their transient gaiety and loveliness! here were the very traces of their elegance and enjoyment, but what and where were they now? (Irving's Alhambra.)

To Kinder skies, where gentler manners reign,
I turn and France displays her bright domain.
Gay, sprightly land of mirth and social ease,
Pleas'd with thyself, whom all the world can please.
(Goldsmith.)

I will to rest, right weary of this revel,
The gayest we have held for many moons,
And yet, I know not why, it cheer'd me not.

(Byron's Faliero.)

The grape's gay juice thy bosom never cheers;
Thou more than Moslem when the cup appears.

(Byron's Corsair.)

1. CHIEF, 2. PRINCIPAL, 3. MAIN. 1. Erste, vorzüglichste, hauptsächlichste, angesehenfte; 2. vornehmste, vorzüglichste, mächtigste; 3. vorzüglichste, wichtigste.

Das erste betrifft Ordnung und Rang; das zweite Wichtigkeit und Achtungswürdigkeit; das dritte Grad und Größe.

A chief clerk, a commander in chief, the chief person in a city. The principal people in a city; the principal circumstances in a narrative. The main object.

What is man,

If this chief good and market of his time

Be but to sleep and feed? A beast, no more!

But is health the greatest of earthly goods? Is main care? Are we to be the minions of self? Are poreal advantage the chief end.

His retreat in Pompeii walls stripped of their paintings! of grace and ornament, is gone!

(Shakespeare.)

the body to be our we to make any cor(Bulw. Stud.)

alas! the colours are faded now, the its main beauty, its elaborate finish (Bulwer's Pompeii.)

To the accidental or adventitious parts of Paradise Lost, some slight exceptions may be made; but the main fabric is immoveably supported.

(Johnson.)

1. CHILDISH, 2. INFANTINE.

1. 2. Kindisch.

Childish, nach der Weise eines Kindes, child; infantine, nach der eines infant (von der Geburt bis zum Ende des siebten Jahres). Was Kinder, children, thun, ist häufig einfältig oder thöricht, was infants thun, ist gewöhnlich niedlich und einnehmend; daher wird childish in üblem; infantine in gutem Sinne genommen.

Childish manners are very offensive in those who have ceased according to their years to be children; the infantine actions of some children evince a simplicity of character.

It may frequently be remarked of the studious and speculative that they are proud of trifles, and that their amusements seem frivolous and childish.

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(Johnson.)

They have spoiled the walls with childish sentences, that consist often in a jingle of words.

Child that I was, to start at my own shadow,
And be the shallow fool of coward conscience!

(Addison.)

(Home's Douglas.)

Hercules strangled the serpents with his infant hands. (Dryden.)

1. CLANDESTINE, 2. SECRET.

1. Heimlich, verstohlen; 2. heimlich, geheim.

Das erste bedeutet mehr, als das zweite; to do any thing clandestinely, bezeichnet, Beobachtung abwenden; secretly, etwas öhne Wissen eines Andern thun.

A clandestine marriage is effected by a studied plan to escape notice; a secret marriage is conducted by the forbearance of all communication. I went to this clandestine lodging, and found to my amazement all the ornaments of a fine gentleman, which he had taken upon credit. (Johnson.)

But his ennemies were industrious: and while they affected to remain neutral, clandestinely employed the services of certain females, whose credulity had been formerly deceived by Essex, and whose revenge was gratified by keeping alive the irritation of their mistress.

(Lingard's hist. of Engl.)

We met in secret doubly sweet,
Some say, they find it so to meet.

(Byron's Mazeppa.)

Thus treacherous scouts, yet sure they lie,
Who say thou camest a secret spy!

(Lady of the Lake.)

1. CLEVER, 2. SKILFUL, 3. EXPERT, 4. DEXTEROUS, 5. ADROIT.

1. Geschickt, fertig, gewandt; 2. geschickt; 3. erfahren, kundig, ge= schickt; 4. 5. geschickt, gewandt.

Clever und skilful sind Eigenschaften des Geistes, die andern beziehen sich auf Arten physischer Handlungen. Cleverness betrifft im Allgemeinen schnelle Fassungskraft, ist eher eine Naturgabe und eine auf die gewöhnlichen Lebensangelegenheiten anwendbare Geisteskraft; skill, Reife der Urtheilskraft, cleverness, durch Uebung und viele Kenntnisse veredelt, und ist sowohl eine geistige, als auch eine körperliche, in mechanischen Operationen und practi schen Wissenschaften sichtbare Eigenschaft; expertness, Leichtigkeit, Dinge zu handhaben, durch lange Uebung befördert, erfordert mehr körperliche, als geistige Kraft zur Ausübung der geringern Künste und unterhaltungen; dexterity, mechanische Leichtigkeit in der Ausführung, gleich expertness mehr körperliche Kraft erfordernd, der Erfolg mit Behendigkeit vereinter Gewohn heit; adroitness, die passenden Bewegungen des Körpers, ein körperliches Talent, eine Art dexterity, die Folge natürlicher Gewandtheit.

A person is clever at drawing who shows a taste for it, and execu tes it well without much instruction, a person is clever in business. He is skilful in drawing if he understands it both in theory and practice; a physician, a lawyer and an artist, is skilful; one may have a skill in divination, or a skill in painting. He is expert in the use of the bow if he can use it with expedition and effect; one is expert at throwing the quoit. He is dexterous at any game when he goes through the manoeuvres with celerity and an unerring hand; dexterous in the management of horses. A man is adroit, if, by a quick, sudden, and well-directed movement of his body, he effects the object he has in view; adroit at eluding the blows aimed by an adversary.

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