1. DIRECTLY, STANTLY,

3. IN

2. IMMEDIATELY,
4. INSTANTANEOUSLY.

1. Geradezu, unmittelbar, sogleich, flugs; 2. unmittelbar, augenblicklich, sogleich; 3. augenblicklich, sogleich; 4. augenblicklich, im Augenblick.

Das erste wird besonders von Handlungen gesagt, und bezieht sich auf die Unterbrechungen, welche den Anfang irgend einer Arbeit absichtlich aufhalten könnten, das zweite und dritte bezieht sich auf Handlungen oder Ereignisse. Immediately bezieht sich gewöhnlich auf den dazwischen kommenden Zeitraum, und bezeichnet, gleich instantly und instantaneously, schnell hinter einander folgende Ereignisse, jedoch das lettere in einem höheren Grade, als instantly. Immediately ist negativ, es drückt bloß aus, daß nichts dazwischen tritt; instantly ift positiv, den wirklichen Augenblick andeutend, in welchem ein Ereigniß Statt findet.

A diligent person goes directly to his work. A surgeon does not proceed directly to dress a wound: he first examines it, in order to ascertain its nature. Good news is immediately spread abroad upon its arrival: nothing intervenes to retard it. A person who is of a willing disposition, goes or runs immediately to the assistance of another. Men of lively minds immediately see the source of their own errors. The ardour of affection impels a person of a willing disposition to fly instantly to the relief of another, as he sees the danger. People of delicate feelings are instantly alive to the slightest breach of decorum.

Besides those things which directly suggest the idea of danger, and those which produce a similar effect from a mechanical cause, I know of nothing sublime which is not some modification of power.

(Burke.)

Admiration is a short-lived passion, that immediately decays upon growing familiar with the object.

(Addison.)

But you must not escape your penance for turning back Masters the poor man has caught cold on the river; for our order reached him when he was just returned from certain visits in London, and he held it matter of loyalty and conscience instantly to set forth again. (W. Scott's Kenilworth.)

A painter must have an action, not successive, but instantaneous; for the time of a picture is a single moment.

1. To DISENGAGE,

(Johnson.)

2. DISENTANGLE,

3. EXTRICATE.

1. Sich losmachen; 2. los oder frei machen, herausziehen; 3. sich herauswinden, sich losmachen.

Das erste Zeitwort wird auf weniger schwierige und verwickelte Gegenftånde bezogen, als das zweite, und das dritte auf solche, bei welchen die größte Verwickelung und Verwirrung Statt findet.

We may be disengaged from an oath, disentangled from pecuniary difficulties, extricated from a suit at law. It is not right to expect to be disengaged from all the duties which attach to men as members of society. In old age the voice of nature calls you to leave to others the bustle and contest of the world, and gradually to disengage yourselves from a burden which begins to exceed your strength.

(Blair.)

Savage seldom appeared to be melancholy but when some sudden misfortune had fallen upon him, and even than in a few moments he would disentangle himself from his perplexity. (Johnson.) Nature felt its inability to extricate itself from the consequences of guilt; the Gospel reveals the plan of Divine interposition and aid.

1. DISGUST,

(Blair.)

(Byron's Mazeppa.)

2. LOATHING, 3. NAUSEA.

1. Ekel, Abneigung, Widerwille; 2. Ekel, Widerwillen; 3. Ekel,

Nebelkeit.

Das erste Hauptwort bedeutet einen geringern Grad, als das zweite, und dieses als das dritte.

We are disgusted with dirt; we loathe the smell of food if we have a sickly appetite; we nauseate medecine. We are disgusted with affectation; we loathe the endearments of those who are offensive; we nauseate all the enjoyments of life, after having made an intemperate use of them, and discovered their inanity.

An enumeration of examples to prove a position which nobody denied, as it was from the beginning superfluous, must quickly grow disgusting.

1. Entlassen; 2. verabschieden, abdanken; 3. abdanken, verabschieden, absezen.

Das erste Zeitwort ist auf Personen von allen Stånden, aber insbes sondere auf Personen der höhern Klassen anwendbar; das zweite beschränkt sich auf Personen untergeordneten Standes. Bei beiden ist der Grund der Entlassung nicht bestimmt. Das dritte Zeitwort hingegen bedeutet eine Entlassung aus Verachtung, und die dem Entlassenen nicht angenehm sein kann. Alle drei werden auch in einem moralischen Sinne gebraucht.

A clerk is dismissed; an officer is dismissed.— A soldier is discharged. To discharge a duty. To discard a sentiment from the mind. A person may request to be dismissed or discharged, but never to be discarded.

In order to an accomodation, they agreed upon this preliminary, that each of them should immediately dismiss his privy counsellor. (Addison.)

We dismiss our fears.

Resume your courage and dismiss your care. (Dryden.)

The king saved his city by being reconciled to me, and taking again my daughter whom he had put away from him; and thus, having frightened the king into what concessions I thought proper, I dismissed my army and fleet, with which I intended, could I not have succeeded otherwise, to have sacked the city of London, and ravaged the whole country. (Fielding's Journey.)

Mr. Pope's errands were so frequent and frivolous that the footmen in time avoided and neglected him, and the Earl of Oxford discharged some of his servants for their obstinate refusal of his messages.

(Johnson.)

I am so great a lover of whatever is French, that I lately discarded an humble admirer because he neither spoke that tongue nor drank claret.

(Budgell.) (Addison.)

Justice discards party, friendship and kindred. This style has ruined the peace and harmony of many a worthy household; for no sooner do they set up for style, but instantly all the honest old comfortable sans ceremonie furniture is discarded: and you stalk cautiously about, amongst the uncomfortable splendour of Grecian chairs, Egyptian tables, Turkey carpets, and Etruscan vases.

(Irving's Salmagundi.)

At once the ravens were discarded,
And magpies with their posts rewarded.

(Gay's Fables.)

1. DISORDER, 2. DISEASE, 3. DISTEMPER, 4. MALADY.

1. Unpäßlichkeit, Krankheit; 2. Krankheit, Unpäßlichkeit ;

päßlichkeit, Krankheit; 4. Krankheit.

3. Un

Disorder ist der allgemeine Ausdruck, und die andern werden spezifisch ge= braucht. Das erste Hauptwort ist also in dieser allgemeinen Bedeutung durchaus unbeschränkt, aber in seinem eingeschränkten Sinne bezeichnet es weniger, als die drei andern: es ist der Unfang von disease, welches auch noch allgemeiner ist, als die andern Ausdrücke, und daher auf jede ernste, anhaltende Unpåßlichkeit, disorder, angewendet wird. Distemper bedeutet, heftige, ansteckende Krankheiten, so wie Malady sich mehr auf die Leiden der Seele und des Körpers, als auf den Zustand des Körpers bezieht. Derselbe Unterschied wird auch beobachtet, wenn sie auf Gemüthsbewegungen bezogen werden.

Occasional head-achs, colds, or what is merely cutaneous, are termed disorders; fevers, dropsies, and the like are diseases; distemper is applied to virulent disorders, such as the small-pox. Blindness is in itself a malady, and may be produced by a disease in the eye. There may be many maladies where there is no disease. Avarice and jealousy are diseases. Melancholy is a distemper, and a malady as far as it occasions suffering.

Strange disorders are bred in the mind of those men whose passions are not regulated by virtue.

(Addison.) At last I said to myself: This is a delusion, and a cheat of the external senses, and the thing is not save in my mind. I will consult those skilled in such disorders." (Bulwer's Student.)

The people are afflicted, it is true, with neither famine nor pestilence; but then there is a disorder peculiar to the country, which every season makes strange ravages among them: it spreads with pestilential

rapidity, and infects almost every rank of people. What is still more strange, the natives have no name for this peculiar malady, though well known to foreign physicians by the apellation of epidemic terror. (Goldsmith's Essays.)

At Treves, Gertrude was for some days seriously ill; and when they returned to Coblentz, her disease had evidently received a rapid and alarming increase. (Bulwer's Pilgrims of the Rhine.)

It is the observation of some ancient sage, whose name I have forgot, that passions operate differently on the human mind, as diseases on the body in proportion to the strength or weakness, soundness or rottenness, of the one and the other. (Fielding's J. Andrews.)

The doctors here threaten me with all sorts of distempers, if I dare to leave them. (Montague's Lett.)

It has pleased heaven, he said, to bless him with three sons, the finest lads in all Germany; but having in one week lost two of the eldest of them by the small pox, and the youngest falling ill of the same distemper, he was afraid of being bereft of them all; and made a vow, if heaven would not take him from him also, he would go in gratitude to St. Jago in Spain. (Sterne's Sent. Journey.) Whilst I was in the height of my happiness, her majesty fell ill of a languishing distemper, which obliged her to go into the country for the change of air. (Fielding's Journey.) Phillips has been always praised without contradiction as a man modest, blameless, and pious, who bore narrowness of fortune without discontent, and tedious and painful maladies without impatience.

(Johnson.)

You will be told of some wintry chill, some casual indisposition, that laid her low; but no one knows of the mental malady that previously sapped her strength, and made her so easy a prey to the spoiler. (Irving's Sketch-Book.)

I now wish you to find out the secret malady that is preying upon the Princesses, and devise some means of restoring them to health and cheerfulness. (Irving's Alhambra.)

In consequence of this, together with the introduction of the smallpox, a malady unknown in America, and extremely fatal to the natives, the number of people both in New Spain and Peru was so much reduced, that in a few years the accounts of their ancient population appeared almost incredible. (Robertson's America.)

I believe there is not a more miserable malady than an unwillingness to write letters to our best friends, and a man might be philosopher enough in finding out reasons for it. (Swift's Lett.)

Her desire strongly expressed, her declared conviction that if any change of scene could yet arrest the progress of her malady, it would be the shores of the river she had so longed to visit; prevailed with her physicians and her father, and they consented to that pilgrimage along the Rhine, on which Gertrude, her father, and her lover were now bound. (Bulwer's Pilgrims.)

The doctor could not very well see whether Adolphe squinted, for he had his hat over his eyes; besides he prudently thought it best to attend to one malady at a time. (Bulwer's Student.)

I'll range the plenteous intellectual field,
And gather ev'ry thought of sov'reign pow'r,
To chase the moral maladies of man.

(Young's N. Th.)

1. DISPEL, 2. DISPERSE.

1. Zerstreuen, zertheilen; 2. auseinanderstreuen, zerstreuen,"

vertheilen.

Die Handlung des ersten Zeitworts ist stärker und kräftiger, als die des zweiten; jene zerstört das Dasein eines Dinges, während diese nur den Zusammenhang zerstört.

The sun dispels the clouds and darkness. The wind disperses the clouds; a surgeon disperses a tumor. The foes were dispersed.

Dispel wird auch im figürlichen, disperse nur im eigentlichen Sinne gebraucht.

Gloom, ignorance are dispelled; books, people, papers, are dispersed.
With soft persuasion I dispell'd her fear
And from her cheek beguil'd the falling tear.
(Falconer's Shipwreck.)
As when a western whirlwind, charg'd with storms,
Dispels the gathering clouds that Notus forms.

Hail! universal Lord, be bounteous still
To give us only good; and if the night
Have gather'd ought of evil, or conceal'd,
Disperse it, as now light dispels the dark.

(Pope.)

PN (Milton's P. L.)
The foe dispers'd, their bravest warriors kill'd,
Fierce as a whirlwind now I swept the field.

1. To DISPENSE,

(Pope.)

2. DISTRIBUTE.

1. 2. Austheilen, vertheilen.

Das erste Zeitwort bedeutet eine nicht unterschiedene, das zweite eine in Einzelheiten eingehende Handlung; die erste ist indirect und hat keinen unmittelbaren Bezug auf den Empfänger; die zweite eine directe und personliche Handlung: der Empfänger erhält von dem Geber.

We dispense to all. Nature dispenses her gifts bountifully to all the inhabitants of the earth. Providence dispenses its favours to those who put a sincere trust in it. We distribute to each individually. A parent distributes among his children different tokens of his parental tenderness. A prince distributes marks of his favour and preference among his courtiers.

Now gentle gales

Fanning their odorif'rous wings, dispense

Native perfumes, and whisper whence they stole

Those balmy spoils.

(Milton's Par. Lost.)

Though nature weigh our talents, and dispense

To ev'ry man his modicum of sense,
And Conversation in its better part
May be esteem'd a gift, and not an art,
Yet much depends, as in the tiller's toil,
On culture, and the sowing of the soil.

(W. Cowper's Poems.)