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riage, at the time, is a contingency, which may occasion us to be more or less hurt; the passing of any one at the time is a casualty.

We are all exposed to the most calamitous accidents; and our happiness or misery depends upon a thousand contingencies: the best concerted scheme may be thwarted by casualties, which no human foresight can prevent.

This natural impatience to look into futurity, and to know what accidents may happen to us hereafter, has given birth to many ridiculous arts and inventions. (Addison.) Nothing less than infinite wisdom can have an absolute command over fortune the highest degree of it which man can possess is by no means equal to fortuitous events, and to such contingencies as may rise in the prosecution of our affairs.

'Tis very droll, said the lady smiling, from was the second time we had been left together by cal contingencies.

(Addison.)

the reflection that it a parcel of nonsensi(Sent. Journey.) That all these contingencies should unite to his (Shakspeare) disadvantage seems to me almost as singularly unlucky, as that so many various (nay contrary) talents should meet in one man, was happy and extraordinary. (Pope's Pref.)

Every contingency to every man and every creature doth preach our funeral sermon. (Taylor.) Men are exposed to more casualties than women, as battles, seavoyages, with several dangerous trades and professions. (Addison.)

1. ACCOMPLISHED, 2. PERFECT.

1. Vollendet, vollkommen, ausgebildet, talentvoll, reizend; 2. voll= kommen, geschickt, tugendhaft.

Das erste Wort bezeichnet die künstlichen Verfeinerungen, die Veredlung des Geistes und des Körpers; das zweite von Personen und Dingen im Allgemeinen gebraucht, gleichviel ob natürliche oder künstliche, geistige oder körperliche Vollkommenheiten, sezt allein Vollkommenheit in Sittlichkeit und Tugend voraus und giebt wahren Werth.

An acquaintance with modern languages and the ornamental brauches of the arts and sciences constitutes an accomplished person: the highest possible degree of skill in any art constitutes a man a perfect artist.

The English nation in the time of Shakspeare was yet struggling to emerge from barbarity; and to be able to read and write was an accomplishment still valued for its rarity. (Johnson.)

As to myself, I was so fully persuaded of this truth, that I not only slighted and despised those who were ignorant of dancing; but I thought the highest character I could give to any man was, that he made a graceful bow; for want of which accomplishment I had a sovereign contempt for many persons of learning; nay, for some officers in the army, and a few even of the courtiers themselves.

(Fielding's Journey from this world to the next.)

A man endowed with great perfections, withont good breeding, is like one who has his pocket full of gold, but always wants change for his ordinary occasions.

(Steele.)

1. ACCOUNT, 2. NARRATIVE,
3. DESCRIPTION.

1. Bericht, Nachricht, Erzählung; 2. Erzählung, Geschichte;
3. Beschreibung.

Account ist in seiner Bedeutung am allgemeinsten: das Bemerkenswerthe ist ein account; narrative ein Bericht, eine Nachricht, account, die erzählt wird; description, ein account der beschrieben wird. Account, mündlich oder schriftlich, hat keinen Bezug auf die berichtende Person, es kann auch nur eine einzelne Thatsache enthalten, politische Ereignisse, Naturerscheinungen und häusliche Vorfäule betreffen, und falsch oder wahr sein; narrative, größtentheils schriftlich, sest einen Erzähler, narrator, voraus, muß aus verschiedenen verknüpften Begebenheiten bestehen, ist meistens persönlicher Art, betrifft die Abentheuer, Reisen, Gefahren einer besondern Person, und kann entweder klar oder verworren fein; description, mündlich oder schriftlich, ist gleich narrative das Werk eines Individuums, besteht aus mehreren, auf einen Gegenstand sich beziehenden, nicht verbundenen umständlichkeiten, umfaßt nicht so sehr Vorfälle, als Karaktere, Erscheinungen, Schönheiten, Mängel und Merkmale im Allgemeinen, und kann entweder lebhaft, oder matt und geistlos sein.

Accounts from the armies are anxiously looked for in time of war; whenever a narrative is interesting, it is a species of reading eagerly sought after; the descriptions which are given of the eruptions of volcanoes are calculated to awaken a strong degree of curiosity.

A man of business, in good company, who gives an account of his abilities and dispatches, is hardly more insupportable than her they call a notable woman. (Steele.)

After, five days travellingpost, I could not sit down to write on any other occasion than to tell my dear Lady, that I have not forgot her obliging command of sending her some account of my travels.

(Montague's Lett.)

The work (Rasselas) can scarce be termed a narrative, being in a great measure void of incident. (W. Scott's Lives.)

Col. Napier has, perhaps, expressed this a little too impetuously: but he has everywhere spoken like a free and honest soldier, and produ ced a work, which for vivid beauty of narrative may vie, I have heard good judges say, with Caesar or Tacitus. (Cunningham's Brit. Lit.)

Most readers, I believe, are more charmed with Milton's description of paradise than of hell. (Addison.)

We have only to add, in conclusion to these desultory remarks, that if Horace Walpole, who led the way in this new species of literary composition, has been surpassed by some of his followers in diffuse brilliancy of description, and perhaps in the art of detaining the mind of the reader in a state of feverish and anxious suspense, through a protracted and complicated narrative, more will yet remain with him than the single merit of originality and invention. (W. Scott's Lives.)

The path of narrative with care pursue,
Still making probability your clew.
On all the vestiges of truth attend,

And let them guide you to a decent end.

(W. Cowper's Poems.)

1. ACCURATE, 2. EXACT, 3. PRECISE. 1. Genau, richtig, bestimmt; 2. genau, pünktlich, sorgfältig, richtig; 3. genau, bestimmt, pünktlich (ängstlich, gezwungen).

Diese Beiwörter stehen in vergleichendem Verhältniß zu einander: exact bedeutet mehr als accurate, und precise mehr als exact.

An account is accurate in which there is no misrepresentation; it is exact when nothing essential is omitted; it is precise when it contains particular details of time, place, and circumstance. He is an eminent artist and his pictures are wrought up with the greatest accuracy.

No man living has made more accurate trials than Reaumure, that brightest ornament of France. (Colson.) This lady is the most exact economist, without appearing busy. (Congreve.)

An apparent desire of admiration, a reflection upon their own merit, and precise behaviour in their general conduct, are almost inseparable accidents in beauties.

(Hughes.)

1. ACQUIREMENT, 2. ACQUISITION.

1. Erwerbung; 2. Erwerbung.

Das erste Wort schließt das für und durch uns selbst erworbene Ding in fich, es kann im Gegensaß mit Naturgaben stehen; das zweite, auch das für einen Andern oder zu dessen Vortheil erworbene; ersteres bezieht sich auf die Anstrengungen, lezteres auf den erwachsenden Gewinn.

People can expect to make but slender acquirements without a considerable share of industry; and in such case they will be no acquisition to the community to which they have attached themselves.

To learn a language is an acquirement; to gain a class or a degree, an acquisition. The acquirements of literature far exceed in value the acquisitions of fortune.

It is very difficult to lay down rules for the acquirement of a taste. The faculty must, in some degree, be born with us.

Great Sir, all acquisition

Of glory as of empire, here I lay before

(Addison.)

Your royal feet.

(Denham.)

1. ACTION, 2. ACT, 3. DEED.

1. Handlung; 2. Handlung, That; 3. That, Handlung.

1. Die fortgesetten Anstrengungen unserer Kräfte; sie können einzeln oder überhaupt betrachtet wirken. 2. Eine einzelne Acußerung unsers Wirkens in geistiger und körperlicher Hinsicht, es wird größtentheils nur auf Ausgezeichnetes, Merkwürdiges und ungewöhnliches angewendet. 3. Wird ebenfalls gebraucht, um eine gute, merkwürdige, aber auch auffallende schlechte Handlung zu bezeichnen, und begreift eine verwickelte Handlung in sich, die von physischen und geistigen Kräften zeugt.

The character of a man must be judged by his actions. The act of speaking is peculiar to man. This is a rare act of charity among men. Nothing can be a greater act of imprudence than not to take an occasional review of our past actions.

I mean the teacher himself, who, stunned with the hum, and suffocated with the closeness of his school-room, has spent the whole day (himself against a host) in controling petulance, exciting indifference to action, striving to enlighten stupidity, and labouring to soften obstinacy. (W. Scott's Old Mort.)

Thinkst thou existence does depend on time?
It doth but actions are our epochs.

(Byron's Manfred.) Whenever the decrees of a prince are considered as the commands of the divinity, it is not only an act of rebellion, but of impiety, to dispute or oppose his will. (Robertson's Hist. of America.) This God-like act

Annuls thy doom, the death thou shouldst have dy'd,
In sin for ever lost from life; this act
Shall bruise the head of Satan.

(Par. Lost.)

(Knowles's Wife.)

What were thy words I know not, but thy acts
Have been the comment of the Court to day.

Unlike the heroes of each ancient race,
Demons in act, but Gods at least in face,
In Conrad's form seems little to admire,

Though his dark eye-brow shades a glance of fire.

Art thou afraid

(Byron's Corsair.)

To be the same in thine own act and valour
As thou art in desire?

This general distinguished himself by martial deeds.

(Macbeth.)

Such was, and such should be, the punishment of unrestrained passions and atrocious deeds. (Beckford's Vathek.)

Evil eyes
Which see defect in frank and open deeds.

But still the boldest of the crew,
When deed of danger was to do.

(Knowles's Wife.)

(Lady of the Lake.)

Meanwhile in other parts like deeds deserv'd
Memorial, where the might of Gabriel fought.

(Parad. Lost.)

What! shall it e'er be said by British tongue,
Albion was happy in Athena's tears?
Though in thy name the slaves her bosom wrung,
Tell not the deed to blushing Europe's ears.

(Byron's Child Harold.) Acts of disobedience in youth frequently lead to the perpetration of the foulest deeds, in more advanced life.

1. ACTOR, 2. PLAYER.

Beide Hauptwörter bedeuten Schauspieler; das erste in Bezug auf die Rolle, welche gespielt wird, das lettere auf den Stand. Eine Person kann gelegentlich actor sein, ohne jedoch dem Berufe nach player zu sein, so wie einer player sein kann, chne den Namen actor zu verdienen.

Cicero is known to have been the intimate friend of Roscius the actor. Our Orators (says Cicero) are as it were the actors of truth itself; and the players the imitators of truth.

(Hughes.)

He (Knowles) is a capital actor, because he does not act at all; and he is an admirable dramatic writer, because he has no affectation; and subdues his poetry till it becomes an auxiliary to the plot, and embellishes without overpowering it. (Cunningham's hist. of Brit. Lit.)

Not so fast, says the player; the modern actors are as good at least as their authors, nay, they come nearer their illustrious predecessors; and I expect a Booth on the stage again, sooner than a Shakspeare or an Otway; and indeed I may turn your observation against you, and with truth say, that the reason no actors are encouraged, is because we have no good new plays. (Fielding's J. Andrews.) All the world's a stage,

And all the men and women merely players.

(Shakespeare.)

1. To ACTUATE, 2. IMPEL, 3. INDUCE. 1. Treiben, in Thätigkeit sehen, in Gang bringen; 2. antreiben ; 3. in Gang bringen, zu etwas führen, bringen, bewegen, hervor= bringen, bewirken.

Bewegungsgründe, der Erfolg des Nachdenkens, fester und bestimmter Erundsäge sehen uns in Bewegung, actuate; was uns momentan und heftig antreibt, impels, schließt oft Nachdenken aus, (Leidenschaften); was uns bewegt, induces, ist oft momentan, aber nicht heftig, es ist Vernunft und Neigung.

The passion by which Alexander was most powerfully actuated, even in his tender years, was ambition and a love of glory, but not of every kind of glory. (Goldsmith's Hist. of Greece.) It is observed by Cicero, that men of the greatest and the most shining parts are most actuated by ambition. (Addison.) We may be frequently impelled to measures which cause serious repentance.

Arasmanés felt impelled as by some mighty power which he could not withstand. (Bulwer's Arasmanes.)

Induced by such examples, some have taught
That bees have portions of ethereal thought.

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All with looks of confusion and sadness, returned in silence to Samarah, and retired to their inmost apartments, without ever reflecting, that they had been impelled by an invisible power into this extravagance. (Beckford's Vathek.)

Justice may be defined, that virtue which impels us to give to every person what is his due. In this extended sense of the word, it comprehends the practice of every virtue which reason prescribes, or society should expect. (Goldsmith's Essays.)

1. ADJACENT, 2. ADJOINING,

3. CONTIGUOUS.

1. Naheliegend, anliegend, angrenzend; 2. anliegend, angrenzend ; 3. anstoßend, angrenzend.

1. Eine Lage, die durch einen dritten Gegenstand ganz getrennt werden kann; 2. wo eine Berührung Statt finden muß; 3. deren eine Seite in gänzlicher Berührung stehen muß.

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