Haunting the Buddha: Indian Popular Religions and the Formation of BuddhismOxford University Press, 30 սեպ, 2004 թ. - 240 էջ Early European histories of India frequently reflected colonialist agendas. The idea that Indian society had declined from an earlier Golden Age helped justify the colonial presence. It was said, for example, that modern Buddhism had fallen away from its original identity as a purely rational philosophy that arose in the mythical 5th-century BCE Golden Age unsullied by the religious and cultural practices that surrounded it. In this book Robert DeCaroli seeks to place the formation of Buddhism in its appropriate social and political contexts. It is necessary, he says, to acknowledge that the monks and nuns who embodied early Buddhist ideals shared many beliefs held by the communities in which they were raised. In becoming members of the monastic society these individuals did not abandon their beliefs in the efficacy and the dangers represented by minor deities and spirits of the dead. Their new faith, however, gave them revolutionary new mechanisms with which to engage those supernatural beings. Drawing on fieldwork, textual, and iconographic evidence, DeCaroli offers a comprehensive view of early Indian spirit-religions and their contributions to Buddhism-the first attempt at such a study since Ananda Coomaraswamy's pioneering work was published in 1928. The result is an important contribution to our understanding of early Indian religion and society, and will be of interest to those in the fields of Buddhist studies, Asian history, art history, and anthropology. |
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3 | |
2 Making Believers | 31 |
3 Set in Stone | 55 |
4 Ghost Stories | 87 |
5 The Politics of Enlightenment | 105 |
6 Policing the Monastery | 121 |
7 Passage from India | 143 |
8 Confronting Their Demons | 173 |
Notes | 189 |
211 | |
221 | |
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Anawrahta ancestors ancient Gaya archaeological Asoka associated Bha¯ja Bha¯rhut bhu¯tas Bodh Gaya Bodhisattva brahmans Buddha Buddhist community Buddhist monastic Buddhist Monks Buddhist monuments Buddhist teachings Burma Burmese caitya cave century confront conversion Coomaraswamy Cult and Iconography dead deities depicted early Buddhist evidence example Faxian figure funerary future-Buddha Glass Palace Chronicle guardian Ha¯ritı Htin Aung hungry ghost Ibid identified images of spirit-deities important Indian inscriptions instance Ja¯taka Jātaka king king’s Kolkata Kubera Kyanzittha literature located Ma¯ra Maha¯bha¯rata Maha¯vamfisa mentioned Misra monastery monastic community monastic complex monks monks and nuns Mūlasarvāstivāda Museum na¯ga narrative nat worship offerings Pagan Petavatthu Photo by Robert popular presence preta rebirth reborn refers relics reside rites ritual Robert DeCaroli role royal S´a¯kyamuni Sa¯n˜cı samfigha Schopen sculpture seems shrine sources spirit religions spirit-deities story stu¯pa Su¯ciloma suggests supernatural Sutta tale textual tree Vajra¯panfii viha¯ra Vinaya Xuanzang yakkha yaksfia Yaksha Cult Yijing