purposes, Hannah, Lay & Co. determined to construct a new one, to be run by steam power. A site was selected on the narrow tongue of land lying between the lower part of the river and the bay, where, on one hand, logs could be floated in the stream directly to the mill, and, on the other, the lumber could be loade on vessels by being conveyed only a short distance on trucks. The project was executed in 1852, and the next year the mill went into successful operation. This mill is now known as the Company's old saw-mill.

“About the first work done in the steam mill was to saw up the pine timber on the tract of land now occupied by the village. It was cut into bridge timber, for the Illinois Central Railroad Company, who used it for constructing a bridge over the Illinois River, at La Salle.

"In those days, the lumber was all carried across the lake in sail craft. The first vessel that carried for the firm, and brought in the boilers of the steam mill, was the Maria Hilliard. No lake surveys had been made in the region of Grand Traverse Bay, and the masters of vessels were guided more by guess than by charts. Amusing anecdotes are told of their experiences, one of which we repeat. The Richmond, one very dark night, was beating up the bay against a light head wind. On attempting to tack, for some unaccountable reason she would not come in stays, and, as she seemed to be fast, the captain was forced reluctantly to let her remain. When day light revealed the situation, what was his surprise to find his vessel lying close to a bold, wooded shore with her bowsprit entangled among the trees.

When the pine in the immediate vicinity of the mill had been worked up, Hannah, Lay & Co. commenced the system of lumbering common on the streams of northern Michigan, which they have successfully pursued up to the present time, giving employment, both summer and winter, to a large number of men.

In 1852, a fourth partner, Mr. William Morgan, who had accompanied Mr. Hannah on his prospecting tour, was received into the firm of Hannalı, Lay & Co. Afterward, in 1859, Mr. Smith Barnes, a former resident of Port Huron, was admitted to partnership in the mercantile department, but without any connection with the lumber trade.

"Mr. Francis Hannahı, a brother of the member of the firm, came to the bay in the fall of 1851, with a view to becoming a partner. After spending the winter in the settlement, he concluded that the financial advantages of a connection with the firm would not be sufficient compensation for the seclusion of a life in the wilderness, and finally declined the proffered partnership. While there, he had charge of the business of the firm.

"After Francis Hannah retired from the employ of the firm, Mr. Lay and Mr. Hannah for several years took turns in the management of the business at the bay and in Chicago, Mr. Lay remaining at the former place during the summer, and Mr. Hannah in Chicago, the two changing places for the winter. Finally, the oversight of their interests was permanently divided between them, Mr. Hannah residing constantly in Traverse City, and Mr. Lay in Chicago.

From the commencement of their business at the bay, they kept a small stock of goods for supplying the wants of persons in their employ. Their first store was kept in a log building, sixteen feet long and twelve wide, that stood by the side of the old Boardman boarding-house, near the water mill on Mill Creek. From that they removed to a small frame building erected for the purpose on the north side of the river, just east of what is now the corner of Bay and Union Streets. In order to make room for a larger structure, as business increased, the building was afterward moved to the north side of Bay Street, opposite the Bay House, and was for many years used

as a tin shop. A lady who went shopping to this building in 1853, described the stock as consisting of a few pieces of calico and just dry goods enough to supply the little community.'

"After the erection of the steam saw-mill, it was found convenient to have some place near it, where those employes of the firm who were without families could be accommodated with board and lodging. Accordingly a boarding-house was commenced in the spring of 1854, and by the last of August was so far advanced as to be habitable. The original building, with its subsequent additions, occupied a site on the south side of Bay Street, a short distance west of the corner of Bay and Union Streets, and, at the time of the present writing, is kept as a hotel by William Fowle, and known as the Bay House.

"A saw-mill in the depths of a wilderness previously unbroken, built only with a view to the profit arising from the manufacture of lumber where land and timber were cheap, has often turned out to be the nucleus around which thriving settlements have grown up. In the case before us, the modest enterprise undertaken by Capt. Boardman and his son, and afterward greatly enlarged and energetically pushed by Hannahı, Lay & Co., proved to be the laying of the foundation for a populous and thrifty community.

EARLY SETTLERS.

"The names of all who came to the new settlement in an early day, have not been preserved. Some remained only a short time, and then returned to the places whence they came, or wandered to other parts; others identified themselves with the interests of the community and became permanent citizens.

"At the setting in of winter, in 1851, the following families are known to have been in the settlement: Michael Gay's, John Lake's, Henry Rutherford's, Benjamin Austin's, T. D. Hillery's, William Voice's, Seth Norris', Robert Potts', a family named Barnes, a German family whose name has been forgotten, and an old couple of the name of Lowery. The following names of unmarried persons, resident at that time, have been preserved: Henrietta Baxter, who afterward became Mrs. J. K. Gunton, Catherine Carmichael, sister to Mrs. Hillery and afterward wife of H. D. Campbell, Dominic Dunn, William Rennie, Cuyler Germaine, Dougald Carmichael, brother to Mrs. Hillery and Catherine, James K. Gunton and Richard Meagher. Francis Hannah was also there having charge of the business of Hannah, Lay & Co., D. C. Curtis, foreman in the employ of the firm, Thomas Cutler, who had come out as an engineer, to take charge of the steam saw-mill about to be built, and John B. Spencer, who was getting out sew-logs for the mill and timber for building a dock, and who soon afterward removed to Elk Rapids. Thomas Cutler's family arrived the fol lowing year. There arrived also in 1852, Jolin Garland and two men of the name of Evans, with families, and unmarried, Henry D. Campbell, Thomas A. Hitchcock, R. McLellan, and Hugh McGinnis. Dr. Charles Holton and wife came either in the spring of 1852 or the fall previous. Dr. D. C. Goodale, with his family, arrived in April, 1853.

"Many of the persons named came for the purpose of entering the employ of Hannah, Lay & Co., and most of them were, at one time or another, engaged in some capacity in the service of the firm. Mr. Voice, who had been in the country before, contemplated, in connection with his partner, Luther Scofield, the building of a sawmill at East Bay, a project which was soon after carried into successful execution.

"The population of the settlement was yet small. They were surrounded and shut in by an almost impenetrable wilderness. But few improvements not demanded by the immediate exigencies of the lumber trade, had been attempted. Only one public roadthat from the head of the bay to Old Mission-had been opened.

This road had been made in fulfillment of an agreement between the inhabitants of the two places, entered into, probably, at the raising of Boardman's saw-mill. The people at Old Mission were pleased to have a mill so conveniently near, and all could see that connection of the settlements by means of a passable road would be a public advantage. The inhabitants of each settlement, by voluntary contributions of labor, built the half of the road nearest themselves.

"The society of the settlement was peculiar. Most of the married people were young. The unmarried men were intelligent, moral, and well disposed, but bent on having their full share of sport. As not unfrequently happens in border settlements, where 'the male population is apt to greatly outnumber that of the gentler sex, their recreations sometimes assumed a somewhat mischievous character.

"On New Year's night, in the winter of 1851 and '52, 'the boys' determined to amuse themselves by waking up, in a startling manner, the more sedate citizens. Secretly collecting all the firearms, they found they could muster thirteen guns. With these they went round to several of the houses firing volleys under the windows, to the utter consternation of the more timid inmates, who, living in constant fear of a hostile visit from the Mormons, thought their dreaded enemy was upon them.

"Card-playing and the habits of negligence and idleness to which it leads, had been among the causes that made Mr. Boardman's enterprise unsuccessful. In the boarding-house of Hannah, Lay & Co. it was strictly prohibited. Some of the young men, however, were not to be so easily deprived of a favorite pastime. At Austin's they found a convenient rendezvous, where card-playing and general hilarity, though the latter was sometimes a little boisterous, were not considered out of order. Michael Gay could play the fiddle, after a fashion. Usually as often as once in two weeks his services were put in requisition, the ladies, married and single were invited, and music and dancing, neither of them, perhaps, of the most polished kind, served to while away an evening.

"The first marriage in which the ceremony was performed within the limits of the settlement, was that of James Lee and Ann Dakin, which took place probably in 1853. William M. McKellip, William M. McKellip,

Traverse City was laid out in the year 1852. At that time so thick were the woods where the village has since been built, that Mr. Lay was once lost in attempting to go from the boarding-house, near the old water mill, to the new steam mill; and Dr. Goodale, two or three years later, was lost in going from the store to a house at the foot of Boardman Lake.

The year 1853, as will be seen from what follows, was a formative period in the history of the settlement. Religious and educational influences were set in operation; the village doctor arrived, a post-office was established, and the forces of civilization were thus set in motion.

In the winter of 1852 and '53, a young man was accidentally killed at the camp on the Boardman. Early in the following summer, another young man was taken sick at the boarding-house. He was kindly cared for, under the supervision of Mr. Lay, and attended by young Dr. Holton, who, though employed in the store of Hannah, Lay & Co., gave his attention when called on, to the Comfortable few cases of sickness occurring in the settlement. quarters were provided for the sick man in the old Boardman

boarding-house, at Mill Creek, where, after lingering for a few days he passed away. A little later in the season, a vessel came into the harbor, having on board a family, in destitute circumstances, of the name of Churchill. Mrs. Churchill was taken ashore dangerously sick, and though everything that kindness could suggest was done by the women as nurses and Dr. Goodale as physician, she lived only a few days. The three early victims of death were buried on the sandy plain, not far from the margin of the bay. A thriving village has extended its streets and buildings above their forgotten graves, all traces of which have long since disappeared.

At the burial of the unfortunate young man accidentally killed, there was no funeral service. At the burial of the one who died of disease, religious services were conducted by Rev. H. C. Scofield, a young Baptist ininister, who was residing for a time at East Bay, in charge of the business in which his brother, Mr. Luther Scofield, was a partner. At the funeral of Mrs. Churchill, Mr. Lay read the Episcopal burial service at the grave. There is a tradition, not well authenticated, that Mr. Whitcher, who was early in the employ of Mr. Boardman, sometimes conducted religious services for the men, but the funeral of the young man at the old boarding-house, is the earliest occasion, so far as we have reliable proof, on which such services were ever had in Traverse City.

The several deaths occurring so near together, produced, perhaps, a feeling of solemnity in the community, and a desire on the part of some at least for regular religious services. Mr. Scofield consented to preach. An appointment was made for a certain Sunday, at the log house which had been fitted up for a schoolhouse. Mrs. Goodale, who took an active interest in the matter, went round and gave notice to the people.

To some of the residents a religious meeting was a novelty. The children who attended went to it with something of the feeling of expectant curiosity with which they would have visited a travel ing show. An amusing incident, preserved in memory by some who were present, illustrates this fact. While Mr. Scofield was offering an earnest prayer, two boys watched him very attentively. As he pronounced the amen, one of them, with a comical look, gave his companion a punch, and said, so loud that all in the house could hear, “There, didn't I tell you amen would be the last word he would say?"

EARLY SUNDAY-SCHOOL WORK.

One evening in the early summer of 1853, a few persons, The gathered about a tea table, were discussing current events. central theme of their conversation was the isolated situation of the little community, as particularly illustrated in the burial services that had recently been conducted. The conversation naturally led to the inquiry: Can anything be done to improve this isolated social position? Mr. Lay laughingly suggested to Mrs. Goodale that she should attempt to revolutionize the morals of the youth by establishing a Sabbath-school. She retorted that she would, if he, or any one else would assist her. The tea-table repartee became earnest project. Mr. Scofield offered his assistance, and notice was given that there would be a Sabbath-school on Sunday, at the school-house, which all were invited to attend. The schoolhouse was the old log house, which stood near the present site of the Occidental Hotel. It had been furnished and teachers hired by Hannah, Lay & Co., for the benefit of all the children of the place. Accordingly, on Sabbath morning the children and teachers. met at the school-house.

There were three teachers, A. T. Lay, L. Scofield, and Mrs. D. C. Goodale, and six or eight children. These latter were eager and curious and their inquisitiveness seriously interfered with their Where teachers' duties. Imagine them asking such questions as,

18 the Sabbath school? I don't see it." What shall I do now,

Mrs. Goodale?" etc., etc., mingled with an occasional oath, as one happened to lose patience, and one can easily imagine that the scene, with all its serio-comic interest, would be indelibly impressed on the teachers' memories. The second Sabbath, teachers met at the appointed time, but no children came. At length, Mrs. Goodale, perhaps having a correct suspicion of the cause of their absence, proposed that her companions should wait, while she should go out and look for them. She found them not far off, picking and eating huckleberries, their hands and faces all stained with the purple juice, in which condition she managed to gather them into the school-house. On questioning the children as to what the parents knew concerning their doings, it came out that the latter had all gone out for a boat ride.

Mr. Lay and Mrs. Goodale concluded that if they were only entertaining the children for the benefit of the parents' pastimes, they might better go home and attend to their own affairs. So began and so ended the first Sunday-school in Traverse City. Mr. Lay still enjoys telling his experience as a Sabbath-school teacher. Five years passed with no further attempt to establish a school. In the summer of 1858, Rev. D. R. Latham, Methodist minister, came to the place, and the school commenced anew. There was, by this time a new school-house, and great interest was manifested by all. Almost every one gave liberally to the school and church. The ladies bought lamps for lighting the house, and the large Bible, existing still, we think, in the village school, was also purchased for the Sunday-school; and a clean house and guarded Bible gave evidence that respect was had in the hearts of all for the house of God and his holy day.

Mr. A. T. Lay's mother presented the school with its first library, numbering about eighty volumes. The teachers of the new school were Miss Belle Hannah, Mrs. D. C. Goodale, and Mrs. Jacob Barnes, with some others whose names are forgotten. Miss Hannah had charge of the school, and it numbered some forty-five scholars. For four or five years Christmas gatherings were held in the school-house, with Christmas trees for the children, and appropriate exercises, all adding to the interest of the school. Many children from the Bohemian settlement joined the school, thereby incurring the severe displeasure of the Catholic priest. Sundayschool papers were introduced into the school in the summer of 1858 by the teachers.

In the winter of 1860 Elvin L. Sprague was appointed superintendent, and the same year an addition was made to the library of about 100 volumes, the money being raised by subscription. The first Sunday-school concert was held during the summer of 1864. A very interesting address was delivered by Mr. A. B. Dunlap, in connection with the exercises by the children, which consisted in repeating texts of scripture on the subject of heaven. That concert will always be considered by those who attended it, as one of the best we have ever had.

In the spring of 1865 Mr. Sprague left the school, and it was without any definite leader for a time; being part of the time conducted by Mr. H. R. Hulburd, and in his absence by Miss M. E. Cram. In the summer of 1865, about seventy-five volumes were added to the library, part of the money being raised by Rev. Mr. Crumb, and part donated by the Mass. Sunday-school Publishing Society. On the first of October, 1865, Mr. D. C. Leach was appointed superintendent. Penny collections were also commenced this month. The school from this time seemed to keep on in the even tenor of its way, with no days of discouragement, but many of bright promise, until in September, 1867, church services were suspended in the school-house, upon the completion of the Methodist church edifice, and the school was removed there.

On the 12th of January, 1868, the school met as usual in the

Methodist Episcopal Church. Fifteen years before, the union school was organized. Ten years before, it had been reorganized, and had continued with little or no intermission until that 12th day of January, 1868. The question was: Shall we continue as we are? or shall we divide the school with the two churches? Fears were entertained that two schools could not be sustained. All objections were overruled however, and the school adjourned never more to meet as during all the years past. The following Sabbath schools were organized in both the Congregational and Methodist churches. churches. Each church had purchased seventy-five dollars worth of books for their library. The utmost harmony prevailed at these first meetings, and the number present at each school was fully equal to the attendance at the old school. The foregoing sketch is mainly from the pen of Mr. Thos. T. Bates, editor of the Herald.

The first physician in the village was a Dr. Babcock, and it is said that he found business so poor that he was obliged to stand on the street, where the mill hands on quitting work would pass him, and advise them that they were bilious and must have medicine or they would be sick.

The first regular physician to engage in practice here was Dr. David C. Goodale, who with his family arrived in April, 1853, and was the first postmaster in the village. Dr. Goodale was born in Waybridge, Vt., Nov. 10, 1809. In June, 1835, he graduated in the medical college at Castleton, which at that time stood in the front rank of the medical schools of the country. Soon after graduating, he married Miss Charlotte Isabella Cheney, and commenced practice in Panton. He was for many years secretary of the Addison County Medical Society, and took an honorable place in the ranks of the profession. During the political campaign of 1839-'40, he published the Green Mountain Argus. He came west in the fall of 1852. On removing to the Grand Traverse country, he determined to give up practice, but the needs of the settlement induced him to reconsider his determination. For many years he was the only physician in the vicinity of Traverse City. His death occurred Nov. 13, 1878.

TRAVERSE CITY POSTOFFICE.

In 1853 the Traverse City postoffice was established, and Dr. D. C. Goodale, who arrived in April of that year, was appointed postmaster. He chose H. D. Campbell as assistant. The receipts of the office for that year aggregated the sum of three dollars, which was expended in the purchase of an office stamp.

Up to 1853, the postoffice at Old Mission was the only one in a vast region of country around the bay. In the winter of 1852 and '53, Mr. Lay, while in Washington, was successful in his effort to get one established in the new settlement. The name of the one at Old Mission was Grand Traverse. The new settlement at the head of the bay was beginning to be known as Grand Traverse City. When Mr. Lay proposed the latter name for the new postoffice, the clerk with whom he was transacting the business suggested that "Grand" be dropped, and it be called simply Traverse City, as the name would have less resemblance to that of the office at Old Mission, to which Mr. Lay acceded. Thus originated the name subsequently given to a thriving village.

The mail was carried once a week, coming to Traverse City from Manistee. Mr. Lay was the first contractor, his compensation being $100 per year. At first it was carried by an Indian, called Old Joe, in a pack upon his shoulders. Before the expiration of Mr. Lay's contract, however, the quantity of mail matter had so increased that a horse had to be employed. Hugh McGinnis was then engaged as carrier who cut out a trail as far as Herring Creek, the first move in road-making between Traverse City and the lake shore.

Previous to the establishment of the postoffice at Traverse

iam, John and Richard Garland; Melissa, Emma and Anna Rice, and a girl whose name has been forgotten. Elizabeth Cutler was the youngest pupil; Albert Norris was the oldest, being about a year older than the teacher.

After the close of her first term of school, in the fall, Miss Helen went to Chicago, where she spent the winter in study. Returning the following spring, she was again employed to teach in the log schoolhouse, at an advance of fifty cents per week on the former wagės.

"At this point, we take leave of Miss Helen Goodale, the first schoolma'am of Traverse City, with the statement that she afterward became Mrs. T. A. Hitchcock, and, respected by a large circle of acquaintances, has lived to see her humble school-house swept away by the onward march of improvement, and a populous and thriving town occupying the locality of the scene of her youthful labors.

During Miss Goodale's absence in Chicago, in the winter of 1853 and '54, Miss Helen Gamon, an experienced teacher, who was visiting her sister, Mrs. Holton, taught the school. It was kept that winter in the old Boardman boarding-house, it being more easily reached by the children than the log school-house, when the snows were deep."

May 11, 1854, the school inspectors of the town of Traverse formed School District No. 1, out of the following described territory: Sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, in Township 27 north, of Range 11 west, and Sections 7 and 8, of Township 27 north, of Range 10 west.

The first meeting of the district was held at the store of Hannah, Lay & Co., May 17, 1854, and the following officers. chosen: Moderator, Alvin A. Smith; director, David C. Goodale, assessor, Thomas Cutler.

The next meeting was held in September, 1854, at the same place as the previous one, at which David C. Goodale was chosen moderator; Thomas Cutler, director, and James Gunton, assessor.

In the winter of 1854 and '55, the teacher was Farwell Campbell, the old boarding-house being again occupied by the school.

At the meeting held in September, 1856, the board voted to raise $200 for the purpose of building a school-house.

It does not appear who was the teacher in the summer of 1855. The following winter the school was taught by a Mr. Enos, in a building which, at the time of the present writing, constitutes a part of the hotel known as the Front Street House. In the winter of 1856 and '57, the school was kept in a new district school-house, which had been built, Theron Bostwick being the teacher.

The new school-house cost $250, and stood on the present west corner of Park Place. This building was afterward moved off and is now used for a primary school.

In 1869 another building was erected near the first one, at a cost of $1,200, and those two answered the purposes of the district until the union school-house was built in 1877. The cost of this building including furniture was about $7,000.

In 1861 there were 122 school children, and the number in attendance was forty-eight.

In the summer of 1861 the school was taught by Miss Belle Hannah, sister of Hon. Perry Hannah. Late in July that year, three boys were drowned while bathing in the bay at the mouth of Boardman River. Two were sons of Michael Green, and the other was Segwick Stevens. A striking incident in connection with this melancholy accident is mentioned by Mr. Hannah. Mr. Green, father of two of the boys had recently been injured in the mill of Hannah, Lay & Co., and was taken to Chicago, and placed in a hospital for treatment. Mr. Lay, who lived in Chicago, looked after the wants of the injured man. The day of the drowning Mr. Green,

who was then stricken with death, insisted that his attendant should send to Mr. Lay's office, and inquire if there was any news from his family in Traverse City, saying that he knew something had happened, and that two of his children were lying dead in the house. Soon afterward Mr. Hannah arrived in Chicago by boat and was met by Mr. Lay, whose first question was concerning Mr. Green's family, and was told of the drowning of two of Mr. Green's children. They went directly to the hospital, but before their arrival Green had passed away.

In 1863 H. P. Blake took charge of the school, with an average attendance of thirty-five. The fall term of 1866 began with thirteen pupils. In the winter of 1867-'68, there were 130 pupils enrolled, and three teachers. In the summer of 1868 Mr. Blake left, having taught five terms. The average attendance at this time was ninety-seven.

In the winter of 1868-'69, Professor Young had charge of the schools. There were 175 names on the register, and an average attendance of 120. The census of 1868 showed 270 school children in the district.

In the summer of 1869 Albert Saylor was principal.

In the fall of 1873, 212 pupils were enrolled, and in 1883, 626. Mr. Saylor was succeeded by Mr. Saxton and he by Mr. Nixon. In 1872 Mr. L. Roberts came from Benzie County, and was principal of the schools until 1880, when he was succeeded by S. G. Burkhead, who retires in 1884.

There are in 1884 seven school buildings and twelve teachers, besides a principal. The school census of 1883 gave the number of school children in the district at 868. The school board is composed of C. J. Kneeland, director, E. P. Wilhelm, assessor, Perry Hannah, moderator, Geo. E. Steele and E. L. Sprague.

THE GRAND TRAVERSE HERALD.

Whoever could possess a complete file of this paper would have a more complete history of local affairs in all their details, than can be published in any volume. The Herald was the first newspaper published in northwestern Michigan, and was the pioneer agency in the development of all the forces that have made this region what it is to-day. Its history is valuable, as showing what is possible in pioneer journalism. The founder of the Herald did not establish his enterprise in an inviting field, but he equipped it with the moral and intellectual energy to compel success. The paper was fortunate in its founder and in its subsequent proprietors. Its intellectual and moral standard has never wavered and its business management has been such as to preserve its financial reputation from any reproach. The following historical sketch is made in part from a sketch published in the Herald January 1, 1880.

"The first number of the Grand Traverse Herald was issued Nov. 3, 1858, the late Hon. Morgan Bates, editor and proprietor. It was started as a four column folio on a sheet 18x26 in size, column seventeen pica wide. The office was established in a small building on the bay road on the lot now occupied by C. Germaine's residence. The fac-simile we issue with to-day's paper will give a good idea of the appearance of the initialnumbers.

"May 17, 1867, on the occasion of the second enlargement of the paper, Mr. Bates said editorially: "The first number of the Herald was issued on the 3d day of November, 1858, without a subscriber, and with only one-fourth of a column of local advertisements. The undertaking looked more like a madcap freak than a sensible business enterprise. The county was then Democratic, and all the county officers, and the register and receiver of the United States land office (which had just been established here) were bitterly hostile to us. The only word of encouragement that we received was