An incident occurred April 13, 1788, that for a time had a most injurious effect upon the progress of medical education. The remains from a dissecting room having been found by some boys while at play, brought a crowd around the premises, and the rage thus kindled spread quickly through the town. For three or four days the mob paraded the streets, and the irritation extended to all physicians and surgeons, some of whom were barely able to avoid the fury of the excited crowd.1

To allay this feeling a charitable enterprise was undertaken as elsewhere noticed in our account of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the City of New York. There were evidently difficulties in the way of maintaining a School of Medicine in connection with the College, as none were graduated until 1793. The efforts made by a rival interest, and which almost succeeded for a time, having awakened new efforts in behalf of the school in Columbia College, and they succeeded in delaying an incorporation of the College of Physicians and Surgeons until 1807. The controversy occasioned by these measures had, however, an unfavorable effect, which was finally terminated by a consolidation in 1813, the Medical School in Columbia College having been practically closed since 1810.

During this period the following professors held appointments in the faculty, in addition to those above named:

'It is stated by Dunlap, in his History of New York (II, p. 257), as within the writer's observation, that the house of Sir John Temple, the British consul, was with difficulty saved from the mob, through the personal efforts of Governor Clinton. It is said that the name 'Sir John " upon the door was mistaken for "Surgeon," and hence this insult was offered.

Dr. SAMUEL BARD was Dean of the Medical Faculty from 1792 to 1804. During the period between the revival in 1784 and the suspension in 1813, twenty-four persons received the degree of Doctor. of Medicine, viz., four in 1793, three in 1794, two in 1795, two in 1796, one in 1797, two in 1802, two in 1803, three in 1804, two in 1805, and one each in 1806, 1807 and 1810.1

Number of Students attending the Medical School of Columbia College from 1792 until its union with the College of Physicians and Surgeons.

The numbers given in the above table are quoted from the pamphlet of Dr. Hosack cited in the note preceding.

[An account of the "College of Physicians in the City of New York" (since 1860 connected with Columbia College) will be given separately.]

These numbers are given in the General Catalogue of Columbia College (1754– 1882), but differ from a statement made by Dr. David Hosack in a pamphlet published in 1811, entitled Observations on the Establishment of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the City of New York, and the late Proceedings of the Regents of the University relative to that Institution." He gives the number at thirty-four, viz., five in 1793, four in 1794, two each in 1795, 1796, 1797, one in 1798, four in 1802, three each in 1803, 1804, two in 1805, one in 1806, two in 1807, and three in 1810.

Law School of Columbia College.

In 1793, James Kent, afterward Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and still later Chancellor of the State of New York, was appointed Professor of Law in Columbia College, and held the office until 1798. Upon retiring from the office of Chancellor in 1823, having reached the age of sixty years, fixed by the Constitution as the limit of tenure of that office, he was again appointed Professor of Law, and held until his death in 1847. He was succeeded by William Betts, LL. D., who held from 1848 to 1859, when he resigned.

The law lectures of Chancellor Kent attracted much attention, and were of great service in preparing students for the practice of law. In May, 1858, the trustees established a Department of Law under the name of "The Law School of Columbia College," which has since been continued. Its objects are defined in the "Handbook of Information," as follows:

"The fundamental purpose of the existing organization was to give to students of law a more systematic and comprehensive course of instruction than was to be obtained by the ordinary method of legal education which then prevailed. One of the chief ends in view was to impart to the study of jurisprudence a distinctively scientific character, and to inculcate a knowledge of legal principles by the constant drill of oral recitation on the part of the students, and by familiar exposition given by thoroughly qualified instructors. In the adoption of this method of instruction by daily recitation, the custom prevalent at that time and subsequently in similar institutions, of teaching by the mere reading of lectures to the students, was designedly much qualified, and this essential feature of the plan upon which the school was founded has, within a comparatively recent time, constituted its distinguishing characteristic as compared with other law schools. The anticipated advantages to be derived from the system adopted have been attained in actual experience."

The course occupies two years, the first or junior year being devoted to the study of general cominentaries upon Municipal Law and Contracts and Real Estate. The second or senior year includes Equity Jurisprudence, Commercial Law, the Law of Torts, Criminal Law, Evidence, Pleadings and Practice. Lectures upon Constitutional Law and History, Political Science and International Law are delivered as occasion may require, through both years, and upon Medical Jurisprudence to the senior class.

The department of municipal law is divided into two sections, in each class, to meet the convenience of students. It occupies ten

hours in each week and attendance is compulsory. The other lectures in the school are optional, but strongly recommended as in a high degree useful. The students may attend any of the lectures of the medical school free of charge upon special application to the warden.

The school is on East Forty-ninth street, between Madison and Fourth avenues, upon the same block with the School of Arts, the School of Mines and the School of Political Science. It is conducted by five Professors, who have in charge the following subjects:

1. The Law of Contracts, Maritime and Admiralty Law, to which is also assigned a course of lectures on General Jurisprudence. 2. Real Estate and Equity Jurisprudence.

3. Criminal Law, Torts and Procedure.

4. Constitutional History, International and Constitutional Law and Political Science.

5. Medical Jurisprudence.

Applicants are divided into two classes those who are, and those who are not, candidates for a degree. If graduates of a literary College they are not examined. The course of examination is prescribed, and is divided into regular and substituted examinations. The scholastic year extends from the first Monday of October to the end of May, a period of eight calendar months. Lecture fees, $150 a year, besides $5 for matriculation each year, and $25 for graduation. In the department of municipal law there have been established three prize tutorships, of $500 each annually, which continue three years. The first was awarded in 1883, the second in 1884, and a third will be awarded in 1885, and annually thereafter as former ones expire from members of the graduating class. A series of money prizes has also been established, of which three are in the department of municipal law, amounting to $250, $150 and $100 respectively. The degree of Bachelor of Law, Cum Laude, is conferred upon those who pass the prize examinations and others who receive honorable mention by the committee of award.

A prize or prizes of $150, founded by Robert N. Tappen, Esq., in the department of constitutional law, may be granted. The rule of adding the words of approbation to the degree extends to this and other departments. All graduates receive the degree of Bachelor of Law, and others official certificates of attendance, stating the time and the degree of attainments.

By an act passed April 7, 1860,' the professors of the Law School

1 Chap. 202, Laws of 1860.

and the law committee of the trustees of Columbia College were to examine students, and might recommend for graduation. Diplomas given after attending lectures eighteen months, were to entitle those receiving them to the privilege of practicing law in the courts of this State. The above act so far as related to diplomas, and the privileges under them, was repealed June 5, 1877.1

Number Attending and Graduating at the Law School of Columbia College from its Organization in 1858 to 1884, inclusive.

School of Mines in Columbia College.

This school was established by the Board of Trustees in December, 1863, but was not put in operation until November 15, 1864. Prior to this, there was no school in the United States in which Mining was taught as a science, although in several institutions there were nominal chairs of Mining Engineering."

Chap. 417, Laws of 1877.

The importance of a School of Mines in connection with Columbia College was strongly urged by Prof. Thomas Egleston in a pamphlet printed in 1863, entitled "Plan for a School of Mines in New York City" (pp. ). The course of study then proposed extended through three years, and the cost of an outfit was esti mated at $17,300.