sant remarks on the part of those present. In fact, M. Pieretti was again taken into custody by the guard of the police, even in the presence of the Court. Upon this M. d'Epinay applied to the Court for a safe conduct for his client, which was granted; nevertheless, two days afterwards the same man was again arrested, lodged in gaol, and then sent on board the Jupiter man of war to be conveyed to Europe upon a common sailor's allowance. He was, however, subsequently released. Some days afterwards, seven persons were arrested under the simple order of the procureur-general, accused of treason, conspiracy, and rebellion; they were confined au secret, and after several days' imprisonment were liberated, but no judge's order had been previously made for their arrest. These occurrences (which, we repeat, are reported on the credit of private letters) are said to have caused great irritation in the colony. Cape of Good hope. Cape Papers to the 13th of July contain but little local intelligence. The Agricultural Society ha I held a meeting, and in the report Mr. Oliphant (the Attorney-general) drew a comparison between the produce of the grazing department of farming and the culture of the vine, giving, as far as exportation was concerned, a decided preference to the former. In 1832, the amount produced by the exportation of horns, hides, butter, cheese, &c. was £78,199, while that produced for wine, brandy, constantia, &c. was £63,491, giving an excess of £14,708. The consumption of Cape salted provisions was rapidly increasing at both ends of the colony, and shipping were supplied with this article of good quality, and at a rate cheaper by ld. or 1§d. per pound than in England. Few vessels, it appears, touch at the Cape without obtaining some of it, and the contract for the troops at the Mauritius, amounting to 200,000 lbs. annually, was wholly furnished from thence. One establishment in Cape Town, not that which had the contract for the Mauritius, had supplied 130,000lbs. of salted beef for the shipping since the beginning of the year. China. CONSUMPTION OF BRITISH GOODS IN CHINA. There are two popular and favourite errors, which still maintain themselves at home with respect to China; the one, that it is possible to dispose of a much greater quantity of European manufac tures in this country than are at present imported; the other, that the introduction of numerous manufactures, at present but little known to the natives, will be followed by their adoption of them, and thus give a vent for an immense quantity of articles which have outlived their fashions in Europe. Both these positions are radically unsound. The importation of British and other European and American manufactures is already greater than the demand, and more or less loss is, generally speaking, the consequence of a continuance in the trade. The loss on one article may sometimes be redeemed by a profit on another; but this is not a constant rule, and a very dangerous ground on which to predicate commercial operations. In reference to the second point, we can only observe that almost every attempt to introduce the new manufactures into use among the Chinese has been a signal failure, and they resist most pertinaciously any attempt at innovation. Their prejudices are fixed: any trifling variation from the customary manner in which goods are made or packed is quite sufficient to raise a host of objections, which generally result in a demand for an abatement of price from the importer. When we say that it is not possible to dispose of more European imports than are at present sent to China with profit, or even without loss, we must not be understood to say that the natives would not, under particular circumstances, consuine a much greater quantity and remunerate the importer by higher prices, for such might, and very possibly would be, the case did we enjoy a general trade with China, instead of having our commerce confined to one port, and that too at the southern extremity of the empire, where the use of woollen manufactures is limited to a few months of the year. The whole of the foreign imports are sold here, and the European merchandize is transported into the interior through the numerous canals which intersect the country in every direction, or by coasting vessels from port to port. The rates of freight we understand are moderate; there are but few charges to increase the value of the articles consequent on their mere transportation, but there are transit duties, which occur at short intervals of these voyages and journies, which enhance the value of cloths, &c. to such a degree as to place them in the remote districts of the empire entirely beyond the reach of the same class of people who in Canton consume large quantities. Under these circumstances, not only are the annual importations quite sufficient to supply the demand at prices which barely save a loss, but on some articles a very great decline in value has taken place, and sales are now effected only at ruinous reductions. As examples in the present season, we may quote camlets among woollen goods. Attempts have been made to open a trade along the coast in order to relieve the market from a part of its heavy stock of European importations, but these efforts have not, we fear, been attended by much success. Edicts from Pekin, urging the local authorities to drive the foreign traders from the coast, and by no means to suffer any illicit trade to be carried on, have defeated the object almost entirely. Perseverance, in defiance of these vapouring manifestos, will probably in course of time effect much that is desired; for all those who have had any experience of the Chinese will feel, that it is only by the same dogged pertinacity which they use that we shall be enabled to succeed at last in establishing a trade at other ports, and thus giving an additional spur to foreign commerce with China. With the consent of the authorities this can never take place, and in the attempt much opposition will be experienced from the mandarins; but, as the natives themselves are much prejudiced against this exclusive system, by which they suffer, they will afford every encouragement they dare to these forbidden attempts at trade with other ports.-Chinese Courier, Jan. 18. The Canton Register states positively, that the local government of Canton has counselled the Emperor to permit the import of opium into the port at a fixed duty; it is also stated that considerable progress has been made in the coast trade, which must soon either become an extensive contraband one, or receive a public recognition from the Chinese government, and that the exportation of spelter has been expressly prohibited, and the officers of the local government have thrown difficulties in the way of its importation. Death of the Empress.-The Russian papers announce the death of the consort of the Emperor, at Pekin, on the 15th of July. A general mourning has been ordered in consequence. Turkey. Constantinople, Aug. 27.-The Sultan has just published a firman to the faithful disposed to make pilgrimage to Mecca, informing them that they may do so now with safety, as he is about to send the tribute to the holy city, which the events of the two last years have disabled him from doing. He is also showing himself more in public, and endeavouring to make himself popular by increased strictness of religious observances. He spent three hours the other day in looking at the worship of the howling dervishes. The Sultan attended, with all his suite, and played his part as a most accomplished hypocrite. The new money has come out at last in small quantities. It leaves to the mint a clear profit of twenty-five per cent.; but as there is a profit of seventy-five per cent. on the old basheleke, the payment of the state still continues to be made in the latter. Trade is at the lowest ebb, as the production of the country is exhausted by continued oppression and monopoly, with the exception of the import of British manufactured goods, which is always on the increase both here and at Smyrna, as it is found that wherever our cottons are introduced, the native manufactures are immediately superseded, and those who in richer times wore Cashmere shawls and embroidered muslins, are willing now to put up with British imitations of the one and our prints of the other. It is a cu rious fact that our imports extend as the poverty of the people becomes more apparent. Some A fortnight since a fire burned at Constantinople 2,500 houses, and last week another occurred at Galata, the suburb under Pera, near the harbour, which was got under, after destoying 250 houses and 600 shops, or sheds called shops. Besides these great fires, partial burnings are every day taking place, which occasion a vast share of alarm; and a general apprehension seems to be entertained that Constantinople is to be devoted this year to an awful calamity of this nature. persons say that the fires which have occured are the result of accident, while others attribute them to the discontented soldiery; but enough has been done to put prudent people on the alert, and the British merchants, who have their ware houses and counting-houses in Galata, are blocking up the useless windows, and separating the communication as much as possible. A few soldiers have been arrested, and there is no doubt but that one burning at Pera was caused by them, but I cannot imagine that the troops in general are implicated in such a diabolical conspiracy. They are, however, very discontented, and with justice, as their pay has been reduced within a short time from 20 to 15 piasters the month. Fifteen piasters are about 3s. 6d, and when paid, are not worth 8d. British. This is the whole pay of the soldiers, who are, however, found in food, clothes, and shoes, and one is not surprised to find them disposed to mutiny at any attempt at reduction. The flower of the Turkish army is now encamped about Constantinople, in all about 15,000 or 20,000 men, and it is possible that they may think themselves as well qualified to create a disturbance as their predecessors the Janissaries. With the exception of one regiment of four battalions, under the command of Nashmic Pasha, the army consists of boys with ragged jackets and unwashed trowsersneither Turks nor Europeans-so constrained by the use of shoes, that they take all opportunities of running them into slippers, the native faz, or head-dress, forming a ridiculous contrast with the foreign clothing, and that even being perverted, as the trowsers are made out of all proportion, in order that the gallant wearers may sit cross-legged while on guard. The whole country has been drained of its youth to create this army, and the Sultan is daily occupied in seeing it manœuvred according to the new tactics of the Russians, which he has ordered to supersede the French, in which the troops had previously been instructed. He does not continue to recruit his army, but he endeavours to put that which he has on a more respectable footing.- Corres. Morning Herald. Egypt. The last accounts from Egypt state that the fleet returned from Tarsus with 8,000 men from the army of Ibrahim Pasha, who continues in Syria with the rest of his force, where he is draining every person who has money, and every district from whence his batallions can be recruited. Mehemet Ali has sailed for Candia with four ships of the line, four frigates, and several small vessels. He is accompanied by Col. Campbell, the British resident, the French Consul-General, who was to have joined the expedition, having declined to attend it. The Viceroy is to remain six weeks at Candia, for the purpose of building an arsenal and remodelling the government, and on his return he meditates a formidable expedition into Arabia, to terminate the rebellion which has taken place there. Syria begins to groan under the government of Ibrahim Pasha, and, in particular, the neighbour hood of Acre is reduced to such a state of despair, in consequence of the extortions of the new governor imposed by the Pasha, that the people are ready to break out into insurrection if they had any chance of being supported.-Corres. Morning Herald. Australasia. NEW SOUTH WALES. MISCELLANEOUS. Summary Punishment.-Complaints are made of the new summary punishment act, which imposes restrictions on the magistrates in dealing with convicts. This measure, it is said, has produced laziness and insubordination amongst this class of labourers, which threatens injurious consequences, and according to a Sydney Gazette correspondent from Hunter's River, has increased the cost of the prison population 100 per cent., and that of forced labour 50. Even the Sydney Moniter, now a supporter of the local government, admits that "the fame of Governor Bourke's humanity has produced an insolence and insubordination among the prison population, which if not put an end to will produce the most disastrous results as regards the solvency and family comfort of the settlers at large." New Church.-The first stone of a new church, at Stroud, in the county of Gloucester, was laid on the 29th February, by Sir Edward Parry; the edifice is to be erected solely at the private expense of Sir Edward, and is intended as a farewell gift to the Australian Agricultural Company, on whose estate it will stand. Sir Edward is about to return to England. Hunter's River.-An address of the magistrates, landholders, and free inhabitants of Patrick's and Paterson's Plains to Governor Bourke, on his visit to these districts, represents that the existing provisions are now actually inadequate to the present wants and future prospects of the inhabitants of the Hunter, whose settlements extend beyond Liverpool Plainsa portion of the territory which, a few years back, was considered scarcely accessible, but which now is covered with our flocks and herds; that the roads and bridges require a very large outlay of the public money; and solicits his Excellency's early attention to the extension of the post, the marking out of the roads, the laying out of townships, and the accomplishment of the works on the breakwater at Newcastle, the seaport of this thriving part of the territory, whose prosperity depends so much upon marine safety. New Newspaper.-A new Sunday pa per, to be called the Surveyor General, is projected by Mr. N. L. Kentish, who states that in England he filled the appointment of Professor in the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and that when it was his misfortune to suffer by a government reduction of that establishment (as one of the five junior professors), he received most handsome testimonials from the governor of the college (Sir Edward Paget), Lieut.gov. (General Butler), and Senior Professor (Rev. Wm. Hancock), which, by desire of the right hon. secretary of state, were presented as his introduction to the late governor and the surveyor general of this colony, on his arrival in it with a civil appointment; and (lest he be supposed to have commit ted some heinous offence to disgrace his character, as well as forfeit his situation here), to state that he is now suddenly deprived of the same-not from any even alleged misconduct, or neglect of duty, or complaint of any kind, but without accusation or trial, solely in consequence of a strongly (but accurately) expressed letter, addressed with honest indignation to the officer at the head of the survey department, under considerable excitement, arising from extreme provocation, and for which letter the writer immediately apologised on its being pronounced improper by his excellency the governor." Emigration.-The Sydney Gazette of May 18, noticing a lecture on emigration, delivered at Sydney, by Dr. Lang, who suggests a plan for effecting an extensive emigration from the mother country of married agricultural labourers, observes: "it is now admitted on all hands, that the class of emigrants most wanted are agricultural labourers; numbers of these, not only able and willing to work, but most anxious to be enabled to obtain their own subsistence, are at present supported out of the poor-rates in England: and there is no doubt whatever that they would cheerfully and earnestly avail themselves of any opportunity afforded them of providing for their own wants. One portion of the plan developed by Dr. Lang, in order to provide funds to enable the home government to send out an annual supply of the labourers at present so much required here, is the sale of the numerous allotments of land in the town of Sydney which are still in the possession of the crown. It is proposed that these lands be sold to the highest solvent bidders, at a stated credit--security being of course taken on the property-the amount of the purchase money bearing ten per cent. interest. This accommodation, it is stated, would enable purchasers to erect buildings, thereby affording employment to an increased number of mechanics, while the yearly sum derived from interest here might be appropriated to the payment of interest on money which, it is well known, may now be borrowed at a very low rate in England, so as to increase the emigration fund by a very large annual amount." Steam-Navigation.-A steam-navigation company has been formed in Sydney, the object of which is to promote the more extensive application of steam-machinery to conveyance both by water and land. Their first undertaking is to establish a steam-packet of twelve-horse power between Sydney and Paramatta. The capital is to be raised by 400 shares of £5 each. The society was formed at a public meeting on the 12th April, and on the 18th May nearly 300 shares had been taken up by residents in Sydney alone. Ship-Building.-A Mr. Bass, who has had many years' practical experience in the Portsmouth and Plymouth dockyards, has commenced a ship establishment at Darling Harbour. VAN DIEMEN'S LAND. The archdeacon delivered his visitation charge to the clergy of the island in St. David's church on the 8th May. In the course of the address, the archdeacon mentioned that no less than six churches were either already in progress of building, or were about to be commenced, in different parts of the colony. The newly discovered country to the westward is described as being one of the most luxuriant and eligible tracts, for all the purposes of grazing and agriculture, ever yet discovered in the island. It comprises a large portion of upland, and some wet marshes, interspersed with undulating spots of excellent forest, well watered, soil rich, climate fine, plains extensive, 2,000, 3,000, and 4,000 acres each, abounding with numerous herds of tame cattle as fat as if stall-fed, and horses. A road to Spring River, an admirable port near the south-west cape, is spoken of as practicable. An exploring and clearing party is to proceed in that direction forthwith. It was understood to be the intention of the government to build a number of houses on the newly-discovered land, and to form a settlement there of the pensioners lately arrived, instead of suffering it to be monopolized by large proprietors. A pottery established in Hobart Town, by a person named Sherwin, is said to produce all kinds of articles of this description of manufacture, equal, for neatness and durability, to any of the kind imported from England, besides considerably cheaper than the foreign article. SWAN RIVER. Complaints are made of the savage temper of the natives, who never allow an injury or insult to pass without retribution. One, named Yagan, a desperado, is the terror of the Perth people. The Perth Gazette gives the following particulars of a native corrobory:-About dusk, the Swan River and King George's Sound tribes assembled, and commenced operations by chalking each others breasts in tasteful devices, which ceremony was accompanied by a hurdy-gurdy chaunt chorussed by the party. They appeared highly flattered by the interest the audience took in their manoeuvres, and preparatory to the entertainment, stalked to and fro, rehearsing their chaunts, and exercising their singular attitudes. As a novelty, the corrobory is well worth seeing; but much of its interest is lost from the. want of a programme of the performance. The representation of killing the kangaroo, the one performer assuming the character of huntsman, the other the kangaroo, was striking from its fidelity, indeed a fine specimen of acting; but the necromantic dances, as they were termed, could only gratify the initiated. It would require some stretch of imagination, to construe the knocking of noses together, dancing on their knees, and pulling each others legs, into necromancy. The Lieut. Governor honoured the ceremony with his presence, and nearly the whole of the respectable inhabitants of Perth, including several ladies. The figures of most of the natives of this part of the country, displayed to advantage in this muscular exercise, would have formed a fine study for the artist; the King George's Sound men are far inferior to them, both in person, ingenuity, and activity, in their native sports. Yagan was the master of the ceremonies, and acquitted himself with infinite dignity and grace. The value of land is said to be very rapidly on the increase in the settlement. Complaints are made of the want of a low bank, or some available medium of accommodation. Polynesia. We have been favoured per brig Griffin, from the Sandwich Islands, with the following account of piracy and murder on board the William Little. The atrocious act has excited an unusual sensation, as being the deed of Sandwich Islanders, who have long been considered among the most cizilized and humane of the South Sea natives: "In the year 1822, I visited Bow Island, situated in the Dangerous Archipelago, and mine was the first vessel which entered the lagoon. I found the natives a poor but inoffensive race of people, and I have often left the vessel in the jolly boat, accompanied by my wife and the boat's crew, consisting of four boys, natives of the Society Islands, unarmed, and passed the greater part of the day among the natives of Bow Islands, at the distance of several miles from the ship. At present, they have teachers sent among them in Christianity; but at this time it is not considered at all safe to enter the lagoon, as the natives are now ever ready to cut off a vessel and murder the crew a lamentable change certainly, and one which bears little testimony of the benefit of the missionary labours among them. "About two years ago, a small vessel called the Truro, belonging to Robertson, Cullen, and Co., and Capt. George W. Cole, Lieut. R. N., was at Burkerow, one of the islands of the Dangerous Archipe lago, collecting beche-de-mer and pearl shells, when the Chain islanders, who were employed to dive for those articles, and who are represented, not only by the missionaries but by Tyerman and Bennet, as patterns for Christians, rose on the master and crew, put them into an open boat, and knocking several holes in the bottom of the boat, turned them adrift. The remainder, consisting of six persons, are, with the exception of two, supposed to have been murdered and eaten, and I have just heard that the unfortunate master and mate, after drifting about for some time, were at last driven back to the island, and there hanged by the natives. These atrocious acts were not committed by ignorant savages, but by people whom the missionaries call Christians, and who perpetrated them by order of the queen of Tahiti, who, the author of the Polynesian Researches says, 'is likely to become a nursing mother to the churches.' "In September 1831, the William Little, of Liverpool, Henry Carter master, arrived at the island of Woahoo, and shipped six Sandwich islanders, in addition to his former crew, for the purpose of procuring seal skins, and returned to the coast of California. Soon after his arrival on that coast, his crew, except the Sandwich islanders, deserted from the vessel, leaving him with no other white person on board, except his son, a boy of twelve or thirteen years of age, and he was afterwards sent to the mission of St. Louis a Bispo. Soon after putting his son on shore, Capt. Carter got his vessel under way to cruise on the coast, in hopes of falling in with the brig Griffin, and obtaining a mate and a man or two from her. He also had provisions on board for that vessel, and was to have joined her for the purpose of hunting the sea-otter. But a short time after leaving St. Louis, during the middle watch, two of the natives seized Capt. Carter by the throat, and threw him overboard. There being little or no wind at the time, he swam to the main chains and supported himself, but another of the men obliged him to leave his hold by beating him on the head with the pump-brake, when he immediately sunk. They then divided the money found in Capt. Carter's chest, steered to the W. S. W., and succeeded in reaching Fanning's Islands, in lat. 3° 46′ N. and long. 159° 11′ W. where they plundered the vessel and afterwards scuttled her. "They had been on the island about a month, when the Chinchilla, Capt. Meek, arrived there and four of them applied to him for a passage to Woahoo, telling him that they had been landed there by the American whale ship Caledonia. Soon after their arrival there, I found in the possession of one of them a quadrant which had belonged to Capt. Carter. My |