that necessity would, besides their committees of correspondence then subsisting, teach them other means of moving and of acting together; that they would probably have at their head some of the wisest and of the ablest of their country; that the influence of our governors and of our other civil officers would shrink to nothing; nor our own authority probably extend further than where it was enforced by our own troops; that our very soldiery would desire and endeavour to leave us, and go over to the Americans. Has one word of all this fallen to the ground? Or is there almost a single sentence of it, which is not now become a matter of fact?

"It was further set forth, that no immediate impression upon the town of Boston, or possession taken of it by a fleet or an army,would carry the command of all that continent, or force them to submit to measures so universally against their bent and inclinations; but that on the contrary the most strenuous and most vigorous exertions were from that whole people to be expected, in support of their common liberties and properties. May I call on our ministers, and demand whether they are not themselves sensible by this time of all these things?"

The writer concludes with the following emphatic paragraph. "It is not owing to a want of information, to a want of understanding, to a want of sense, and a knowledge of the importance or the imprudence of our American measures, if some people of property, of capacity, of independence, seem to sleep supinely while a rock is ready to fall and to crush their country. There is in public concerns an abjectness which obtains and daily increases among us, and that in a rank of men where it ought least to prevail, and to whom others are entitled to look up in a time of danger or of difficulty. The rise and the beginning of this might readily be pointed out; it was not first of this reign: but these men may truly be told, that there is no support for themselves but in the stability of all; that their private fortunes and possessions will, in the cominon destruction, most inevitably go to wreck and to ruin with the rest: the cloud from the Atlantic threatens them as well as the merchant and the manufacturer, the farmer, and the labourer. But we seem not to remember that we are born Britons; that governments are instituted for the good of the governed, and for that only; that we have in our immediate personal and

collective capacity, an inherent right to signify our sentiments of the national measures, to those who contrive, govern, and direct them; that the concern therein of many is upon the comparison much 28 considerable, one for one, as their own; but that of all united and taken together, almost as the ocean to a drop of water; that we are men, and not a flock of sheep forced to follow our fellow, because he happens to bear a bell about his neck. The writer has thrown out these things from a sincere and an earnest desire of the general safety and welfare; he heartily hopes that the seed is sown in good ground, and that it will bear fruit for the benefit of the whole! But if, after all, the hand of fate is upon this nation; if the period approaches in which we are doomed to perish; if there is at once an incurable madness in our coun cils, and a boundless obsequiousness in our proper guardians and protectors; if the constitution is forgotten, and men of weight and of effect abandon their country, I must say that His will be done, who governs both individuals and communities! I trust, nevertheless, that these words will not be so lost, but that they shall at least preserve one private person from the charge and the consciousness of having scrupled to speak freely and plainly his opinion of the dan gers, and the but too probable ruin impending over the country."

In 1776, Mr. R. published, "A further Examination of our American Measures, and of the Reasons and Principles on which they are founded." 8vo.

In the next year also, he brought forth another pamphlet, entitled, “Peace the best Policy; or, Reflections on the Appearance of a Foreign War, the present State of Affairs at Home, and the Commission for granting Pardons in America.' 8vo.

In 1778, when he had completed his 65th year, he was still an eldest son only; but in the spring of that year his father died, at his house in the neigh bourhood of Bond-street, at the age of 84; and he came into possession of the paternal estates in the northern parts of Yorkshire, and on the confines of Durham. It was only in the preceding February, that Mrs. Montagu mentioned her father in the following words: "I suppose you know there was a report of my father's death. I had promised to introduce the dowager Duchess of Beaufort to the French ambassadress on Wednesday night; so, though the weather was

terrible,

ble, I went out; and such was the report of poor papa, that I was stared at as a ghost when I entered the room, and the servants below were very busy questioning my footmen. To-day I had a message from lady Ann and lady Betty Finch, with an apology, that not having heard of that melancholy event till to day, they had not sent enquiries. All this while the old gentleman is in as good health as he has been for this twelvemonth." The accession of fortune, by his father's death, made no difference in Mr. R.'s mode of living.

It was in the preceding year that he received a visit from his cousin, the Primate of Ireland. Mrs. Montagu, in a letter of that date, says, "The primate and sir William Robinson were much pleased with my brother's kind reception of them. Indeed I do not know any one who makes his house so agreeable to his friends. His parts and knowledge make him an excellent companion, and his apparent benevolence, integrity, and virtues, endear his talents.'

In 1780, his popularity and strenuous exertions contributed to obtain for his younger brother, Charles, who was Recorder of Canterbury, that seat in parliament, from which himself had retired nearly twenty years before; and the same exertions co-operated again to reinstate him in 1784.

In 1786, Mr. R. published, "An Address to the Landed, Trading, and Funded, Interests of England, on the present State of Public Affairs."

In 1794, when eighty-one years old, Mr. R. became, by the death of his cousin, the primate, who was little older than himself, a peer of Ireland. Richard Robinson, the primate, was sixth son of William Robinson, esq. of Rokeby, in Yorkshire, who was grandson of William Robinson, esq. of the same place, whose younger brother sir Leonard Robinson, (who died in 1696) was great grandfather of the subject of this article, so that he was only third cousin to his predecessor. This magnificent prelate had gone over to Ireland as chaplain to the duke of Dorset in 1751, and was the same year promoted to the bishopric of Killala; in 1759 he was translated to the sees of Leighlin and Ferns; and in 1761, to the see of Kildare: and at length, in 1765, to the primacy of Ireland. His elder brother, sir Thomas, who was a vain and eccentric character, had been created a baronet in March 1790, with MONTHLY MAG. No. 200.

remainder, after his brothers, to the Kentish branch of his family. He spent his family fortune, and sold the beautiful seat of Rokeby Park, which now belongs to I. B. S. Morritt, esq.: he died, 1777. The primate was created an Irish peer by the title of lord Rokeby, on 26th February, 1777, with the same collateral remainder as the baronetage. Of this respected nobleman, it has been truly said, that "the many magnificent buildings and institutions erected and endowed by him, for public benefit and private conveniency, both in England and Ireland, will always preserve a grateful recollection of a man, who near thirty years filled the first sta tion in the sister kingdom, with so much credit to himself, and advantage to the nation."

Mr. R., now become lord Rokeby, neither varied his style of living, his manners, his habits, nor his dress. The independence and whiggism of his poli tics were not in the smallest degree abated in their ardour. In April 1797, when he had attained the age of eightyfour, he sent forth his last pamphlet, enti tled, "An Address to the County of Kent, on their Petition to the King for removing from the Councils of his Majesty his present Ministers, and for adopting proper Means to procure a speedy and an happy Peace," &c.

The following are the concluding words of this address: "I will now take my leave. There are, I trust, no excuses or apologies necessary to be made on this occasion by one who did, from his early days, adopt the principles of an old and true whig, the principles of Mr. Sydney, Mr. Locke, Lord Molesworth, Mr. Trenchard, and such men, from which he has to the best of his knowledge, throughout his life, in no single action or circumstance ever once varied or swerved, and which he will certainly now relinquish only at his grave."

Years still rolled on, and lord R. possessed all his faculties, and all his spirits; he could not walk, as he had formerly done, but he yet could use exercise, and pass much of his time in the open air. In short, the powers of life seemed so vigorous in him, that he appeared destined to reach the age of 100; when, in 1800, a weakness fell into one of his ancles, which he himself attri buted to a strain. On this occasion, he resorted to one of his sovereign remedies, the bathing it in cold water; and he persevered so long in this method, in the 4 C

severest

severest weather, in defiance of all the remonstrances of his attendants, that serious and alarming symptons began to discover themselves. At length he was confined to his room and his bed: a mortification ensued; and after six weeks of

the most painful sufferings, with which the amazing strength of his constitution struggled to the last, he died on the 30th of November, 1800, in the 88th year of his age.

"The English Spanish Pilgrime; or, unew Discovery of Spanish Popery and Jesuitical Stratagems. With the Estate of the English Pentioners and Fugitives, under the King of Spaines Dominion, and elsewhere, at this present. Also, laying open the new Order of the Jesuitrices, and preaching Nunnes. Composed by James Wadsworth, Gentleman, newly conuerted into his true Mothers Bosome, the Church of England; with the Motiues why he left the Sea (see) of Rome; a late Pentioner to his Majesty of Spain, and nominated his Captain in Flanders; Sonne to Mr. James Wadsworth, Bachelor of Divinity, sometime of Emanuell Colledge, in University of Cambridge, who was peruerted in the Yeere 1604, and late Tutor to Donna Maria, Infanta of Spaine. The second Edition, corrected and amended. Printed at London, by T. Cotes, and R. C. for Mich. Sparke, dwelling at the Blue Bible, in Greene Arbor. 1630."

THE

HE author commences his narrative with observing, that he was born in 1604, and son of James Wadsworth, B.D. rector of Colton and Great Thome, Norfolk, and chaplain in ordinary to the Bishop of Norwich. Upon his father's going out chaplain and joint commissioner with the ambassador sir Charles Cornwallis to Spain, the Jesuits immediately attacked him with disputations, which he was weak enough to hold with them; but not succeeding by this means, at least openly, they effected their purpose by mock miracles. He there fore settled in Spain: the Jesuits, that his conversion might not be ascribed to profit, taking care that his income should not be too large. After a time he persuaded his wife to come to him in Spain, with their children, the youngest of whom

was our author: after being tanght to read and write at Seville, till he was eight years old, he was sent, by the advice of the Jesuits, to the celebrated college of St. Omer's, the institutes and customs of which, he thus details:

"This colledge was founded about some 40 years since, by the order and furtherance of Father Parsons, that famous Jesuit who sent Father Flacke to S. Omers, with sufficient monyes for the foundation, having before obtained of his Catholic Majesty a pension of 2000 duccats per annum, for the maintenance of the students there.

No

"At which colledge (as I above said) accompanied with two other fryars, I arrived, who after they had been well refectioned by the rector, they tooke their leave of them and the rest of the paterni ties, and returned into their own convents: I remained behinde, and for the first night was, by the rector and the other fathers, well entertained at supper, making vp the time our stomachs would spare vs, with discourse of my present journey from Spaine, which, yet that they might more at large be informed of, they lengthened the meal to my narration, vull bed-time broak vp both. sooner had the morning and myselfe opened our eyes, but the rector and father Creswell sent for me, where they begun a remonstration of their rules and orders, and obseruations, somewhat shorter than their entertainment. First, that they might take none blindfold, they opened me with a general confession of all my sins; then closed vp all again by the sacrament; and after this, least there might be any relique of the world left upon mee, they made mee disinvest myselfe of such profane garments I had, and the superfluities of haire; but one they kept, the other they threwe away; then

Was

they have made, after which time the prefects and masters leaue the schooles, and the students of the three under schooles go up to those of the upper, which read to them Greek till ten, at which houre every one betakes himself to his study untill eleven, as in the morning before, then to dinner. After they have ranged theselues awhile the rector and fathers enter, the elder saies grace himselfe, or ordains another, which being done he placeth himselfe at the upper end of the table, the others in their order. All this while the students mouths are shut not from eating but speaking, bestowing their eares vpon six other of their companions disputing three against three in two pewes one ouerthwart the other, of such things which may rather help digestio to the fathers then benefit their own vnderstandings, as whether their paternities had better eat flesh or fish, drink wine or beere, and this dispute begins and ends with their dinner at the fathers meale both Ceres and Bacchus vouchsafe their company to sit, and that liberally too, their meat is what their delicacies can desire, that their procurator caters for: the abbey of Watton, two leagues distant, furnishing them with that fatnesse it was wont to afford the monkes, as you may read in

Owen.

tations, one of one side reads the Latine Martyrologe, and another after the English, which contains the legend of our English martyrs and traitours together, sometimes two in one day.

"The students heare out the relation with admiring and cap in hand, to the memory of Campion, Garnet, Thomas After this, vntill Becket, and Moore.* seven and a balle musicke, vntill eight themselves together, they recreate thence to their studies againe until halte an houre be past, so to their letanies, and to provide themselves to bed, but before they doe it for the most part, they demand on their knees all the prefects benedictions, otherwise they take not themselues blest; then while they are disrobing themselues, one amongst thei reades some miracle, or new booke, vntill sleep close up all, and Father Thunder's noyse awake them in the morn ing. Discipline is here enough, were it well bestowed; thus pass their dayes and yeeres, saue Teu-days and Thursdays, when on the afternoones they are licensed to the recreations of the open fields; on this wise dinner ended, we march forth of the college, by two and two, Father Thunder himselfe carrying up the rear, untill we are distant about a mile from the towne, where we walke, or play at ball, or bowles, or other such games, till the clock and our stomachs strike suppertime, whence repairing to the colledge, rost mutton is our prouision, being not ordinary. Now let us touch sabbath affaires, vnto which on Saturday on the afternoone, from four to six, and after supper till eight, all the students confesse themselues to their ghostly fathers aboue named: on Sunday morning at six of the clocke, they hie to their studies, where they read sacred letters untill seven, from thence to the chappel, and congregation of our lady, which is kept in one of the schooles; Father Darcy aforesaid being prefect of the place, where sitting in a chair, he exhorts all to the honour of the virgin Mary, declaring to them her great power and miracles; all the schollars are not admitted here vnto, but those only whom the prefect and his twelve consultors approue of, which twelve consultors are ordinarily termed his white boyes. The priuiledge of this sodality is, that they haue graces, rosaries, and beades; indulgences, meddals, and hallowed grains from his holinesse. In vertue whereof, as the prefect tels them,

Jesuits executed in Engl. v. Eliz. &c. See Fuller's Ch. Hist. b. ix. p, 117, &c.