Where is the consistency of writing, recall, miscal,―inthrall, bethral,-windfall, downfallaystall, thumbstal, waterfall, overfal, molchill, dunghil,windmill, twibil,-clodpoll, enrol? [See Johnson's Dictionary, first American ed. 4to.]

CHAPTER V.-EXAMINATION.

LESSON I.-GENERAL DIVISION.

What is English Grammar?
How it divided?

Of what does Orthography treat?
Of what does Etymology treat?
Of what does Syntax treat?

Of what does Prosody treat?

QUESTIONS ON ORTHOGRAPHY.

LESSON II.-LETTERS.

Of what does Orthography treat?

What is a Letter?

What is an elementary sound of a word?

What name is given to the sound of a letter? and what epithet, to a letter not sounded?

How many letters are there in English? and how many sounds do they represent?

In what does a knowledge of the letters consist?

What variety is noticed in letters that are always the same?
What different sorts of types, or letters, are used in English?
What are the names of the letters in English?

Which of the letters name themselves? and which do not?
What are the names of all in both numbers, singular and plural?

LESSON III.-CLASSES OF LETTERS.

Into what general classes are the letters divided?

What is a vowel?

What is a consonant?

What letters are vowels? and what, consonants?

When are w and y consonants? and when vowels?

How are the consonants divided?

What is a semivowel?

What is a mute?

What letters are semivowels? and which of these are aspirates!
What letters are called liquids, and why?

How many and which are the letters reckoned mutes ?

LESSON IV.-POWERS, OR SOUNDS.

What is meant, when we speak of "the powers of the letters?"
In what series of short words are heard our chief vowel sounds?
How may these sounds be modified to form words or syllables?
Can you form a word from each by means of an ƒ?

Will you form an other such series with a p?

How many and what are the consonant sounds in English?

In what series of words may all these sounds be heard?

In what series of words is each of them heard more than once?

Do our letters admit of combinations enough?

What do we derive from these elements of language?

LESSON V.-FORMS OF THE LETTERS.

What is said of the employment of the several styles of letters in English!
What distinction of form do we make in each of the letters?
What is said of small letters? and why are capitals used?

How many rules for capitals are given? and what are their heads?
What says Rule 1st of titles of books?-Rule 2d of first words?-Rule 3d of
names of Deity?-Rule 4th of proper names?-Rule 5th of objects personi
fied-Rule 6th of words derived?-Rule 7th of I and O?-Rule 8th of
poetry?-Rule 9th of examples, &c. ?-Rule 10th of chief words?

What is a syllable?

LESSON VI. SYLLABLES.

Can the syllables of a word be perceived by the ear?

What is a word of one syllable called?--a word of two?-of three?—of four or more?

What is a diphthong?

What is a proper diphthong?-an improper diphthong?

What is a triphthong?

What is a proper triphthong?-an improper triphthong?

What chiefly directs us in dividing words into syllables?

How many rules of syllabication are given? and what are their heads?

What says Rule 1st of consonants?-Rule 2d of vowels?-Rule 3d of terminations?-Rule 4th of prefixes?-Rule 5th of compounds?-Rule 6th of lines full?

What is a word?

LESSON VII.-WORDS.

How are words distinguished in regard to species and figure?

What is a primitive word?
What is a derivative word?

What is a simple word?

What is a compound word?

How do permanent compounds differ from others?

How many are the rules for the figure of words? and what, their heads? What says Rule 1st of compounds?-Rule 2d of simples?-Rule 3d of the sense?-Rule 4th of ellipses?-Rule 5th of the hyphen ?-Rule 6th of using no hyphen?

What is spelling?

LESSON VIII.-SPELLING.

How is this art to be acquired?

How many rules for spelling are there? and what are their heads?

What says Rule 1st of final f, l, or s?-Rule 2d of other finals?-Rule 3d of the doubling of consonants?-Rule 4th against the doubling of consonants! -Rule 5th of retaining?-Rule 6th of final e?-Rule 7th of final e ?— Rule 8th of final y ?-Rule 9th of compounds?

CHAPTER VI.-FOR WRITING.

EXERCISES IN ORTHOGRAPHY.

[Spelling is to be taught by example, rather than by rule. For oral exercises In this branch of learning, a spelling-book or vocabulary should be employed. The following examples of false orthography are inserted, that they may be corrected by the pupil in writing. They are selected with direct reference to the rules; which are at first indicated by figures. For it is evident, that exercises of this kind, without express rules for their correction, would rather perplex than instruct the learner; and that his ability to correct them without reference to the rules, must presuppose such knowledge as would render them useless.

EXERCISE I.-CAPITALS.

1. The pedant quoted Johnson's dictionary of the english language, Gregory's dictionary of arts and sciences, Crabb's english synonymes, Walker's key to the pronunciation of proper names, Sheridan's rhetorical grammar, and the diversions of purley.

2. gratitude is a delightful emotion. the grateful heart at once performs its duty and endears itself to others.

3. What madness and folly, to deny the great first cause! Shall mortal man presume against his maker? shall he not fear the omnipotent? shall he not reverence the everlasting one?—The fear of the lord is the beginning of wisdom.'

4. xerxes the great, emperor of persia, united the medes, persians, bactrians, lydians, assyrians, hyrcanians, and many other nations, in an expedition against greece.

5. I observed that, when the votaries of religion were led aside, she commonly recalled them by her emissary conscience, before habit had time to enchain them.

6. Hercules is said to have killed the nemean lion, the erymanthian boar, the lernean serpent, and the stymphalian birds. The christian religion has brought all mythologic stories and milesian fables into disrepute.

7. i live as i did, i think as i did, i love you as i did; but all these are to no purpose; the world will not live, think, or love as i do.-o wretched prince! o cruel reverse of fortune! o father Micipsa!

8. are these thy views? proceed, illustrious youth,

and virtue guard thee to the throne of truth!

9. Those who pretend to love peace, should remember this maxim: "it is the second blow that makes the battle."

EXERCISE II.-CAPITALS.

'time and i will challenge any other two,' said philip.'thus,' said diogenes, 'do i trample on the pride of plato.''true,' replied plato; but is it not with the greater pride of diogenes?'

6

the father in a transport of joy, burst into the following words: 'o excellent scipio! heaven has given thee more than human virtue! o glorious leader! o wondrous youth!'

epaminondas, the theban general, was remarkable for his love of truth. he never told a lie, even in jest.

and pharaoh said to joseph, "say to thy brethren, 'do thislade your beasts, and go to the land of canaan,""

?

who is she that, with graceful steps and a lively air, trips over yonder plain? her name is health: she is the daughter of exercise and temperance.

to the penitent sinner, a mediator and intercessor with the sovereign of the universe, appear comfortable names.

the murder of abel, the curse and rejection of cain, and the birth and adoption of seth, are almost the only events related of the immediate family of adam, after his fall.

on what foundation stands the warrior's pride,
how just his hopes, let swedish charles decide.
in every leaf that trembles to the breeze,
i hear the voice of god among the trees.

EXERCISE III.-SYLLABLES.

1. Correct Murray's division of the following words: "ci vil, co-lour, co-py, da-mask, do-zen, e-ver, fea-ther, ga-ther, hea-ven, le-mon, mea-dow, ne-ver, o-range, pu-nish, ro-bin, sho-vel, ti-mid, whi-ther;-be-ne-fit, ca-nis-ter, ge-ne-rous, le-ve-ret, li-be-ral, se-ve-ral;-mi-se-ra-ble, to-le-ra-ble, e-pi-demic, pa-ra-ly-tic;-a-ca-de-mi-cal, cha-rac-te-ris-tic, ex-pe-ri

ment-al."-Murray's Spelling-Book.

2. Correct Webster's division of the following words: ። oy-er, fol-io, gen-ial, gen-ius, jun-ior, sa-tiate, vi-tiate ;-ambro-sia, par-hel-ion, con-ven-ient, in-gen-ious, om-nis-cience, pe-cul-iar, so-cia-ble, par-tial-i-ty, pe-cun-ia-ry ;-an-nun-ciate, e-nun-ciate, ap-pre-ciate, as-so-ciate, ex-pa-tiate, ne-go-tiate, sub-stan-tiate." Webster's Spelling-Books.

3. Correct Cobb's division of the following words: “dresser, has-ty, pas-try, sei-zure, rol-ler, jes-ter, wea-ver, vam-per, ▾ han-dy, dros-sy, glos-sy, mo-ver, mo-ving, oo-zy, ful-ler, trus-ty, weigh-ty, noi-sy, drow-sy, swar-thy."-Cobb's Standard Spelling-Book. And these: "eas-tern, full-y, pull-et, rill-et, scan-ty, nee-dy."-Webster. Also these: "woo-dy, stor-my, clou-dy, ex-al-ted, at-ten-dance."-Murray.

4. Divide the following words into their proper syllables: adit, ado, adorn, adown, adrift, anoint, athwart, awry, bespeak, bestow, between, bifold, encroach, incrust, foreknow, forestall, forswear, mishear, mistell, misyoke, outrap, overtire, preterit, retrace, unoiled, unrepaid, unresting, underbid, underanged, uphand, upholder, uprouse, withal.

5. Divide the following compounds into syllables: England, anthill, cowslip, farewell, foresail, foretop, hogshead, homeward, sandstone, forever, husbandman, painstaker,

EXERCISE IV.-FIGURE OF WORDS.

1. The shine of the plough share is the farmer's wealth.
The cross row has ever had some thing of a magic spell in it.
The old fashioned are apt to think the world grows worse.
The stealing of water melons may lead to house breaking.
A good clothes brush helps greatly to make a gentle man.
2. An ill-tongue is a fearful corrupter of good-manners.
Envy not the good-luck of prosperous transgressors.
St. Paul admonishes Timothy to refuse old-wives'-fables.
Lawmakers have often been partial to male-descendants.
New-year's-gifts brighten many a face on new-year's day.
3. They that live in glass-houses, should not throw stones.
A glass house is a house in which glass is manufactured.
A spirit stirring discourse is seldom a long winded one.
Knowledge and virtue are the stepping stones to honour.
The American whip poor Will is a night warbling bird.
4. Let school and meeting-houses be pleasantly located.
The teapot and kettle are now deemed indispensable.
Both the ten and the eight syllable verses are iambics.
Most, at six or seventeen years of age, are men and women.
A ketch is a vessel with two masts, a main and mizzen-mast..
5. The bloodyminded man seldom dwells long in safety.
A tiresmith puts on wheelbands redhot, then cools them.
Plato was so called because he was broadshouldered.
Timehonoured custom may be souldestroying folly.
Is evenhanded honesty expected in slavemerchants?

6. A good pay-master is always a man of some fore-thought. The glory of the common-wealth is the states-man's boast. Rain-bows are made of sun-shine dissolved in sky-water.

EXERCISE V.-SPELLING.

1. Few know the value of a friend, til they lose him. Good men pas by offences, and take no revenge. Hear patiently, iff thou wouldst speak wel.

2. The business of warr is devastation and destruction. To er is human; to forgive, divine.

A bad speller should not pretend to scholarshipp.

3. It often requires deep diging, to obtain pure water. Praise is most shuned by the praiseworthy.

He that hoists too much sail, runs a risk of overseting. 4. Quarrels are more easily begun than endded.

Contempt leaves a deepper scar than anger.

Of all tame animals the flatterrer is the most mischievous.