Engineering Facts and FiguresAndrew Betts Brown A. Fullerton & Company, 1866 |
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Common terms and phrases
action adopted advantage air-pump alumina amount apparatus application arrangement axle Bessemer process boiler explosions bolts bottom burning cable carbonic acid carried cast-iron cause centre chain chimney coal coke combustion condenser connected construction crank cylinder cylinder engine diameter effect explosion fact fire fire-box flues frame friction fuel furnace gases gauge gutta-percha heat hydraulic hydraulic limes increase incrustation iron leading wheels length less lever lime locomotive machine manganese means mechanical metal motion obtained ordinary oxide pass patent peat petroleum pig iron pipe piston plates portion practical present pressure produced proportion puddling puddling furnace pump purpose quantity railway result Scientific American screw shaft ship side silicate slide valve smoke space square inch steam boilers steam engine steel strain strength stroke surface surface condensers temperature thickness tion tons tubes vessel weight wheels wrought-iron
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Էջ 305 - Heath, as evidenced by his patent of 1839, in which he declares that his invention consists in " the use of carburet of manganese in any process •whereby iron is converted into cast steel.
Էջ 142 - ... peat as prepared there not being sufficiently solid to do the work alone ; but it is found that the greater the proportion of peat that can be used, the better is the quality of the iron produced. The gas delivered from the high furnaces has also been satisfactorily employed in the refining of iron and the puddling of steel. The value of peat in the production of iron has long been established. Iron metallurgists are agreed in the opinion that iron so produced is of very superior quality. In...
Էջ 97 - ... although the death shall have been caused under such circumstances as amount in law to felony.
Էջ 192 - Watt began to introduce his steam-engines, he wished to be able to state their power as compared with that of horses, which were then generally employed for driving mills. He accordingly made a series of experiments, which led him to the conclusion that the average power of a horse was sufficient to raise about 33,000 Ibs.
Էջ 143 - J cwt. of peat fuel maintained steam at the same pressure for 8 hours. But in addition to this a large economy is effected by the use of peat fuel for the generation of steam in the saving of boilers and fire-bars from the destruction caused by the sulphur in coal, from which peat is free. In Bavaria, peat fuel has been used on the railways for several years past, and the economy effected by its use in the wear and tear of the engines is stated by the officials in their reports to be very considerable....
Էջ 331 - ... charge being uniformly worked. The usual time of working with the machine is about 25 minutes with ordinary forge pig iron, the tool being changed five or six times ; but with grey iron the time of working is much prolonged. In the latter case the machine is especially serviceable, since the iron keeps in a fluid state much longer, and requires consequently so much more working ; which causes the labour to be so much more severe in the case of hand puddling that there is great difficulty in getting...
Էջ 388 - Portland cement, is made of a lime of a peculiar character found in England and France, derived from argillocalcareous kidney-shaped stones termed "septaria," and when mixed thick it solidifies in a few minutes, either in air or water.
Էջ 76 - Galloway, CE, who, as an engineer surveyor of long standing of the Board of Trade, has, probably, made more than three thousand careful inspections of marine boilers, states that he has often noticed a furrow or channel on the outside of the joint, running parallel to the outside overlap for some distance, and evidently caused by leakage. Along the water line condensed water will act on the joints, while below it the concentrated contents of the boiler will come into chemical action.
Էջ 77 - With sulphurous fuel, a powerful chemical action will come into play on the plates. One volume of water takes up about thirty volumes of sulphurous acid gas ; and these sulphurous fumes of the fuel coming into contact with the water from a leakage, will be more or less absorbed. An acid solution like this must quickly eat away the plate. It is certain that a leakage acts much quicker on a boiler fired with sulphurous fuel than on one fired with wood. MG Adolphe...
Էջ 71 - June, 1863.' portions of oxide are carried into these joints, and it is at any rate certain that iron gives way easiest at these places. This points to the great value of really homogeneous plates, such as those of cast steel, in which homogeneity has been obtained by the only known means of fusion. The remarkable diminution of elasticity and of tenacity caused by the combination of the red-hot iron with sulphur ; the absence of all elasticity and tenacity in the oxides of iron, show that, even if...