7. The celestial vault, the verdure of the earth, and the clear silvery light which danced on the surface of the stream, delighted my eyes, and restored joy to my heart, and gave animation to my spirits, and conveyed pleasures to my mind, which exceed the powers of expression.

8. He raised his eyes, and turned to the prince, and said, "Your highness will remember the fidelity with which my father has served you, and I suppose that you will pardon my presumption in thus appearing uninvited at your court, and I humbly crave permission to supplicate that protection which is so easy for you to afford, and so necessary to me that it should be bestowed. The enemies of our family are powerful, and are of noble blood, and are allied by peculiar ties to your highness, and may therefore be supposed to have higher claims to your favor. But I know that generosity to be a characteristic of your highness, which will disregard the suggestions of interest, and defeat the nefarious plans of artful dependents, and afford succor to the persecuted peasant, rather than countenance injustice and oppression.

9. I fixed my eyes on different objects, and I soon perceived that I had the power of losing and recovering them, and that I could at pleasure destroy and renew this beautiful part of my existence. This new and delightful sensation agitated my frame, and gave a fresh addition to my self-love, and caused me to rejoice in the pleasures of existence, and filled my heart with gratitude to my beneficent Creator.

10. She was dressed in her gayest apparel, and wore her - most costly jewels, and presented a spectacle of living brilliance which scarcely the sun himself could rival.

11. The dry leaves rustled on the ground, and the chilling winds whistled by me, and gave me a foretaste of the gloomy desolation of winter.

12. He took them into the garden one fine summer morning, and showed them two young apple-trees, and said, My children, I give you these trees. They will thrive by your care, and decline by your negligence, and reward you by their fruit in proportion to the labor you bestow upon them. Edward, the youngest son, attended to the admonitions of his father, and rose early every day to clear the tree from insects that would hurt it, and propped up the stem to prevent its taking a wrong bent, and had the satisfaction, in a short

time, of seeing his tree almost bent to the ground with the weight of the rich and racy fruit. But Moses preferred to while away his time, and went out to box with idle boys, while Edward was laboring in the orchard, and soon found his tree destroyed by his neglect.

13. Columbus perceived that it would be of no avail to have recourse to any of his former expedients, and found it impossible to re-kindle any zeal for the success of the expedition, and endeavored to soothe passions which he could no longer command, and gave way to a torrent too impetuous to be checked.

14. They erected a crucifix, and prostrated themselves before it, and gave thanks to God for conducting their voyage to such a happy issue.

15. He knows that life has many trials, and believes that God has appointed this world as the preparative for another, and regards not with feelings of envy or jealousy, the more prosperous condition of others.

LESSON XII.

Variety of Expression, continued.

THE active or objective verb may be changed into the passive; and the passive verb may be changed into the active or objective, the sense remaining unaltered.

MODEL, by the Active or Objective Verb.

All mankind must taste the bitter cup which destiny has mixed.
By the Passive.

The bitter cup which destiny has mixed, (or which has been mixed by destiny,) must be tasted by all mankind.

EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE.

1. The project was received with great applause by all the company.

2. Most of the trades, professions, and ways of living among mankind, take their origin either from the love of pleasure, or the fear of want.

3. Gentleness corrects whatever is offensive in our man

ners.

4. The places of those who refused to come, were soon filled with a multitude of delighted guests.

5. In visiting Alexandria, what most engages the attention of travellers, is the pillar of Pompey, as it is called, situated at a quarter of a league from the southern gate.

6. We receive such repeated intimations of decay in the world through which we are passing; decline, and change, and loss follow decline, and change, and loss, in such rapid succession, that we can almost catch the sound of universal wasting, and hear the sound of desolation going on around us.

7. The rectitude of Dryden's mind was sufficiently shown, by the dismission of his poetical prejudices, and the rejection of unnatural thoughts and rugged numbers.

8. The youth who had found the cavern, and had kept the secret to himself, loved this damsel. He told her the danger in time, and persuaded her to trust herself to him.

9. When the subject is such that the very mention of it naturally awakens some passionate emotion, or when the unexpected presence of some person or object in a popular assembly inflames the speaker, either of these will justify an abrupt and vehement exordium.

10. Theocritus and Virgil are the two great fathers of pastoral writing. For simplicity of sentiment, harmony of numbers, and richness of scenery, the former is highly distingushed. The latter, on the contrary, preserves the pastoral simplicity, without any offensive rusticity.

11. The relation of sleep to night, appears to have been expressly intended by our benevolent Creator.

12. The favored child of nature, who combines in herself these united perfections, may be justly considered the masterpiece of creation.

13. You have pleaded your incessant occupation; exhibit, then, the result of your employment.

14. Is the eye of Heaven to be dazzled by an exhibition of property, an ostentatious show of treasures?

15. I need not ask thee if that hand, when armed, has any Roman soldier mauled and knuckled.

LESSON XIII.

Variety of Expression, continued.

*

To preserve the unity of a sentence, it is sometimes necessary to employ the case absolute, instead of the verb and conjunction.

MODEL.

1. The light infantry joined the main body of the detachment, and the English retreated precipitately towards Lexington.

Better thus: The light infantry having joined the main body of the detachment, the English retreated precipitately towards Lexington.

2. The class recited their lessons, and the teacher dismissed them. Better thus: The class having recited their lessons, the teacher dismissed them.

EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE.

1. The battle was concluded, and the commander-in-chief ordered an estimate of his loss to be made.

2. John was in the school-room, and Charles entered and thus addressed him.

3. The Monongahela and Alleghany rivers were swollen by the continued rains; and the Ohio inundated the cities, towns, and villages on its banks.

4. The trees were cultivated with much care, and the fruit was rich and abundant.

5. The love of praise is naturally implanted in our bosoms; and it is a very difficult task to get above a desire of it, even for things that should be indifferent.

6. The rain poured in torrents upon us, and we were obliged to take shelter in a forest.

7. His mind was the prey of evil passions, and he was one of the most wretched of beings.

8. The character of Florio was marked with haughtiness and affectation, and he was an object of disgust to all his acquaintance.

9. The evidence and the sentence were stated, and the president put the question whether a pardon should be granted.

See Lesson XLII.

10. Few governments understand how politic it is to be merciful; and severity and hard-hearted opinions accord with the temper of the times.

11. The Shenandoah comes up at the right; and the Potomac, with its multiplied waters, rends the mountain asunder, and rushes toward the sea.

12. Nature dressed the scene in the richest colors and most graceful forms, and never could the eye enjoy a richer spectacle.

13. I travelled through the county of Orange, and my eye was caught by a cluster of horses tied near a ruinous, old wooden house in the forest, not far from the roadside.

14. A general description of the country was given in a former letter, and I shall now entertain you with my adventures.

LESSON XIV.

BESIDES the method of expressing the same idea by inflections of the same word, exhibited in the preceding lessons, the following modes may be practised in some sentences:

1. By applying adjectives and adverbs instead of nouns. 2. By using nouns instead of adjectives and adverbs. 3. By reversing the corresponding parts of the sentence. 4. By the negation of the contrary, instead of the assertion of the thing first proposed.

5. By the use of pronouns instead of nouns.

The following models exhibit the methods now described, in their respective order:

MODEL I.

Sincerity of intention should be highly esteemed.
Sincere intentions should be held in high estimation.

MODEL II.

Pure principles characterize the virtuous man.
Purity of principle characterizes the virtuous man.

MODEL III.

The benevolence of the Deity is as evident as the stupendous grandeur of his works.

The stupendous grandeur of the works of the Deity is no more evident than his benevolence.