The ewes will now be beginning to lamb, and will require great care, and constant attention.

April.-As early in the month as possible, the remainder of the oats must be sown. The potato land must be again ploughed, reduced to a fine tilth, and the seed planted. The barley must also be sown, in course of the month, as must likewise clover, mangelwurzel, vetches, and lucerne. Grass land intended to be mown, must now be cleared of stones and rubbish, and be bush-harrowed and well rolled. This is absolutely essential, and should never be omitted. Attention must also be given to the preparation of the turnip land. About the end of this month brood mares will foal, and the cows will calve. Neither should be turned out to pasture until the grass is sufficiently forward, and they must have a good supply of Swedish turnips, winter tares, hay, and chaff, in the house.

May.-Barley sowing should be finished before the middle of this month. Vetches may still be sown. The remainder of the potatoes must be planted, and the drills of those planted last month may now be handhoed, or have the harrow passed over them. The beans should also have the drill harrow sent through them. About the middle of the month, Swedish turnips should be sown, the land being previously well prepared and the oat and barley crops must now be cleaned of all thistles and other weeds.

The young stock may be turned out to pasture, and the business of the dairy will proceed briskly.

June.-Turnip sowing may be continued throughout this month. Constant attention must be given to horse and hand hoe the potatoes and beans; and by the end of the month, the Swedish turnips will also require to be hand-hoed.

The sheep may now be shorn, and the early lambs will be getting ready for market, and should therefore have the best grass the farm affords.

July.-This is the time for hay-making, which calls

for great vigilance and activity on the part of the farmer. The grass must not be permitted to ripen its seeds, and in making the hay, be careful to preserve as much of the natural juice or saccharine matter as possible. Horse and hand hoeing, must still go on diligently among the turnips, potatoes, mangel-wurzel, and beans; and turnip sowing must be completed by the middle of the month, after which a good crop can hardly be expected.

Lambs which are to be kept for stock must now be weaned, and sent to good pasture at a distance from the ewes.

August. The beginning of this month will be chiefly employed in carting the hay from the field to the steading. In favourable seasons, reaping will commence the first or second week, and the farmer should be careful to cut his corn as soon as it is ripe, and get it into stook as quickly as possible.

September.-All the farmer's attention will now be directed to the securing of his grain crops. Whenever the corn is thoroughly dried in the stook, it must be carted home to the stack-yard; and remember that an opportunity neglected, may never be recovered. During this month and the next, the potatoes must be taken up, and secured in pits for the winter. In some situations wheat may be sown this month, although the general wheat sowing rarely takes place before October. The bees must be attended to the latter end of this month, and the superfluous honey removed, and such arrangements made as will carry your hives on through the ensuing winter and spring.

In this short summary of operations throughout the year, although much is omitted, and what is given is necessarily very brief and imperfect, it is yet hoped that the farmer may find something that is useful, and that will serve to remind him, generally, of the work to be performed at each season.

APPENDIX.

DOMESTIC ARRANGEMENTS.

To the foregoing directions for the guidance of the farmer, we here propose to add, by way of Appendix, a few brief observations more especially referable to the domestic arrangements of the Agricultural Labourer. No one connected with land, whether it be as landlord or tenant, can be insensible of the vast importance of this subject, in all its bearings; and no right-thinking man, whatever his rank or station in life, can be otherwise than desirous of doing all within his power to improve the labourer's condition, physically and morally,-to make him better, wiser, happier; and as comfortable and independent as his social position warrants and requires.

To accomplish this object, we must in the first place extend to the whole of our labouring population the benefits of moral and religious instruction, together with such other aid and guidance, as will ensure the training up of their children to become useful members of the community; and in the next place we must use our best endeavours to improve the physical condition and the social habits of the working classes generally. All this is necessary for the sake of the employer, no less than for that of the labourer himself, and for the well-being of society at large; and it is with a view to the furtherance of this most important object, that the following observations are here inserted.

These observations may, moreover, not be altogether without their use to the small farmer, and other persons in a similar class of life, by awakening thoughts and pointing out objects which else possibly might not have occurred to them, but which are nevertheless

deserving of every attention; and it is hoped that the Farmer will not consider that he is unprofitably employed, if he devotes some time and some pains to impress what is hereinafter stated upon the attention of his people.

Under the general heading of " Domestic Arrangements," are included observations on The Garden, On Health, Food, Clothing, Dwellings, Provident Habits, Marriage, and Children: each and all are subjects of great importance, and The Garden is placed first, because we consider it in truth as second to none in its influence upon the condition of the labouring man. The possession of a quarter of an acre of gardenground may, and often will, make to the labourer and to his family the difference between want and sufficiency, between privation and comfort, between a contented mind and a cheerful fulfilment of the duties of his station, and a mind soured, hardened, and dissatisfied, prepared to yield to vicious promptings, and to rush recklessly into breaches of the law.

The garden need not be large; about a quarter of an acre will perhaps be generally sufficient for the labourer's purposes; but at any rate it should not be of an extent calculated to interfere with other occupations, nor to occupy time which ought to be devoted to daily labour. It is to be hoped that the time is not distant, when every labouring man, whether Agriculturist or Artizan, will have the benefit of a garden of this description, than which, we are persuaded, nothing can more conduce to the comfort and well-doing of himself and his family, and to the peace and security of the community, of whom the labouring classes form so important a portion.

THE GARDEN.

A productive garden is not only a luxury and source of enjoyment to the rich, but it is also a constant source of amusement, and supplies many of the wants of the poor. No labouring man, whether agriculturist or mechanic, is so unceasingly occupied, that he cannot

spare half an hour each day for his garden; and no one confined to in-door employment, ought to be without the exercise and the exertion required for keeping a small garden in good order. His wife and children will be benefited by the light labour of a garden, and the artizan will, by such occasional change from his ordinary employment, secure more constant and vigorous health. The sowing and the planting of his vegetables, the blossoming of his trees, and the gathering of his fruits and flowers, will all afford interest and gratification. It is an amusement to be coveted beyond all others, and leads to nothing but good, to nothing sensual or vicious. It cannot give rise to bad habits, but, on the contrary, will serve to protect a man from the allurements of dissipation and vicious indulgence.

A garden is, in fact, essential to the health and comfort and well-being of the mechanic and the labourer, and a garden may also be said to be essential to the comfort and enjoyment of the farmer of every class.

In the case of the day-labourer, what can be so delightful as half an hour spent in his garden, with his wife and children around him, after his daily toil ?--The change from laborious exertion, to the lightest of all out-door occupations, must be to him a relief.

To the farmer, how many broken hours will pass unemployed, and without enjoyment, if he has not a garden in which to occupy his time, and in which he may occasionally try experiments on a small scale, or verify the experiments of others, before carrying them into practice on his farm.

Children are frequently led into mischief, in the absence of other means of occupying themselves. How different would it be, if they were taught to turn their attention to the neatness and productiveness of a garden?They would then be anxious to show their parents, how usefully they could be employed: and what an instructive lesson would it be for them, to find the luxury of flowers and fruit rewarding, in due season, their care and industry?--How delightful to see them advising and assisting each other to obtain such an