SPANISH AMERICA, 1800. Great Political Divisions. Extent in Sq.] Population. No.ofinha-Anu. Produce of Gold Value of Goods of the Viceroyalty of New Spain (with its Capitania general of Guatimala (with The Islands of Cuba and Porto Rico, Capitania general of Caracas (Cuma na, Venezuela, Coro, Maracaybo, Varinas, Guayana) 47,856 900,000 2 Nothing. 5,500,000 Viceroyalty of New Grenada (with the Presidency of Quito) 64,520 1,800,000 2 3,000,000 5,700,000 Viceroyalty of Peru, 30,390 Presidency of Chili, 1,700,000 33 8,000,000 11,500,000 22,574 Viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, 143,014 1,100,000 8 5,000,000 3,500,000 Spanish America, 468,460 13,200,000 28 39,000,000 59,200,000 I hope to be able at a future period to rectify this table, by procuring more accurate information respecting the population of the kingdom of Buenos Ayres, Guatimala, and Chili. According to Azara, the government of Paraguay contains 97,500 souls, and that of Plata 170,900. I believe I have estimated above, (chap. xiv. p. 246) the population of Spanish America too high by a tenth. It has frequently been asked: What is the number of inhabitants in the whole of the New Continent? I shall examine this problem in the historical account of my Travels in America; it is sufficient to observe in this place, that the whole population does not probably exceed twenty-eight millions of inhabitants. or In the Spanish Colonies of the Continent of America In the Portuguese Colonies In the United States In English Canada twenty-nine Inhabitants. 13,500,000 3,800,000 1,900,000 6,000,000 450,000 Total, not including Russian Ame rica and the Independent Indians, 25,650,000 On the Territorial Extent and Population of the United States, before the acquisition of Louisiana. I have given in the third book (Chap. viii. Vol. i. p. 277), part of the data on which the result obtained by us for the United States, in the table of the territorial extent and population of the great political associations, is founded. The reader will find very valuable information, in the following account drawn up by M. Gallatin treasurer of the United States, which I have translated from the manuscript of the author. "A chain of mountains extends from the "sources of the Apalachicola, or the 3 of "north latitude, to the sources of the Genesee, "and the Seneca, situated under the parallel of 43°, and forms points of separation be"tween the eastern and western waters, and "divides the United States in two unequal "parts. This chain of mountains is formed "of a great number of small chains parallel "to one another, and to the Atlantic coast; " and it is interrupted in several places by "the force and impetuosity of the torrents. "Considering the territory of the United "States according to its great natural divi"sions, we shall prolong a line drawn in the "direction of the Alleghany mountains, on "the north, to the west of the fall of Nia66 gara; and on the south, between the streams "of the Apalachicola, and the rivers which "flow into the Atlantic ocean. 66 66 We shall in "the following table give the name of eastern division, to the whole extent of country of which "the waters mingle with the Atlantic, with lake Ontario, and the river Saint Lawrence. What we shall call the western division, will comprehend the rivers which flow into the lakes. "above the fall of the Niagara, into the Mississippi, and the gulph of Mexico. I suppose "the eastern division to contain 320,000 66 66 66 English square miles; and that the western "division is greater, and may be estimated at "580,000 square miles. "But considering the present state of the "populaton of the United States, there is yet another more natural division. We may 66 distinguish the territory possessed by the "whites, and purchased from the Indians, "from that which is still possessed by the "Indians, in which they will permit no whites "to settle. The territory of the Indians ap 66 pears to contain nearly the same surface "with that of the whites; and I compute "them at 450,000 square miles each. A small 36 part of the Indian lands containing only ❝ 10,000 square miles, is included in the "eastern division, because it is situated towards "the south east extremity of the state of Georgia. 66 "From these data it follows that, "The part of the eastern division 66 possessed by the whites contains 66 square miles. 310,000 "contains 140,000 "The country possessed by the In- 450,000 900,000 "The estimates of territorial extent and population contained in this account, have "all a reference to the year 1800. Since that 66 period 15,060 square miles have been pur"chased from the Indians, and the population "of the United States has in 1804, been "increased more than 12 per cent. "To illustrate more clearly the progress of population in the northern and southern "states, I have again divided the eastern ter 66 66 ritory into the north east and south west divisions. The former subdivision comprehends the east of Pensylvania, the Delaware, |