Nationality. Whether every person authorized to change his, when he attains
to majority according to the law of his domicile of origin, 122, a, 632, a;
accompanied by domicile, independent of citizenship, 122, a, 136, a; case
of Thrasher, 123, a; case of Koszta, 126, a; for commercial purposes,
122; original allegiance continues till change of, 112; produce of enemy's
territory hostile, so long as it belongs to the owner of the soil, whatever
his nationality or domicile, 409; effect of, of ship on the cargo, 508, a; of
Franks, how regarded in the countries of the East, 21, a, 312, a.
Naturalization, 122; law of England, 122, a, 629, a; in the colonies, 630, a; of
the United States, 625, a; of France, 630, a; of Austria, 632, a; of Bavaria,
632, a; of Wurtemburg, 632, a; of Prussia, 632, a; of the Netherlands,
632, a; of Russia, 632, a; in Cuba, 693, a; collective, by annexation of ter-
riory, 627, a, 630, a; opinions of Fœlix, Pothier, and Heffter, as to collective,
631, a; loss of, by recession of territory, 632, a; effect of a voluntary
return of naturalized citizen to the country of his original allegiance, 136, a,
138, a.

Navigation, laws of, 175; of the Black Sea, Bosphorus, and Dardanelles, 239; of
the Rhine, 255; of the Mississippi, 257; of the St. Lawrence, 261; of the
rivers of South America, 267, a.

Negotiation, right of, 280; faculty of contracting by treaty, how far limited or
modified, 317.

Netherlands, kingdom of, in 1815, example of incorporation of two States into
one, 33; revolution of, in 1830, case of division of a State into two sepa-
rate ones, 33.

Neutrality, definition of, 480; perfect, 481; imperfect, 482; of the Swiss Confed-
eracy, 482; of Belgium, 486; of Cracow, 487; modified by a limited alliance
with one of the belligerent parties, 489; qualified, arising from antecedent
treaty stipulations, 490; impartial, in what it consists in case of a war be-
tween mother country and colony, cxxxiv.; American and English acts
respecting, 500.

Neutral territory, hostilities within, 491; passage through, 491; captures within,
492, 493, a; claim for violation of, to be sanctioned by neutral State, 494;
restitution of captures, within, 494; extent of, along coasts, &c., 496; arm-
ing and equipping vessels and enlisting men in, unlawful, 499; how far
immunity of, extends to vessels on the high seas, 503.

Neutral vessels under enemy's convoy, 594; Mr. Wheaton's argument, 594;
Danish reply, 603, a.; views of publicists, 605, a; usage of nations sub-
ject to capture enemy's property in, 504; conventional law on that subject,
508; neutral character reverts on leaving enemy's country, at the com-
mencement of a war, 407, a.

Neutral rights, whether enemy's property in neutral vessels is liable to capture,
504; ordinances of States subjecting neutral vessels laden with enemy
goods to confiscation, 505; confiscating goods of a friend on board enemy
ships, 505; free ships free goods, and enemy ships enemy goods, not neces-
sarily connected, 507; conventional law as to free ships free goods, 508;
armed neutrality of 1780 for the protection of, 511; armed neutrality of
1800, 513; discussions between the United States and Prussia respecting, 517;
rules adopted by England as to, in the absence of treaties, 534, a; her treaty

stipulations, 535, a.; French ordinances respecting, 536, a; disregard of, by
England and France, during wars of French Revolution; 536, a provisions
respecting, in treaties by the United States, 537, a neutral carrying his
goods in an armed enemy's vessel, 593; debate on, in House of Commons,
543, a, 643, a; how modified in the present war by the belligerents, 534, a;
French and English declarations on, 537, a; correspondence between Secre-
tary Marcy and British and French Ministers, with regard to, 539, a;
treaties of the United States with various powers respecting, 587, a; with
Russia, 539, a; with Mexico and the Two Sicilies, clxxxi.

Niles's Register, 419, a.

Nott and M'Cord's Reports, 307, a.

0.

Ordinances, of particular States, how far sources of international law, 23.
Ortolan. Diplomatie de la Mer, lxxiv., cli., 156, 179, 187, a, 216, 234, 248, 326, a,
537, a, 563, a, 586, a, 587, a, 592, a, 593, a, 606, a.

P.

Pailliet. Manuel de Droit François, xvi., 630, a.

Park, on Insurance, 141.

Paolo Sarpi. Del Dominio del Mare Adriatico, 246.

Pardessus. Droit Commercial, 122, 140, 166, 201, 203.

Parker, Chief Justice, 177.

Parliamentary Papers, 50, a, 226, a, 180, a, 226, a.

Passage, right of, on rivers passing through different States, 253; through neutral
territory, 491.

Passports in war, 475; to a minister, 282.

Peace, treaty of, 607; power of making, dependent on municipal constitution, 607;
power limited in its extent, 608; effects of a treaty of, 610; uti possidetis,
the basis of, unless the contrary be expressed, 612; from what time treaty
of, commences its operation, 618; in what condition things taken are to be
restored, 620; disputes respecting, how adjusted, 621; treaties revived and
confirmed on renewal of, 343.

Personal status. Whether laws relating to state and capacity of a person may
operate extra-territorially, 121.

Peru, negotiations with, as to the Amazon, 268, a; treaty with Brazil, 268, a.
Peters's Reports, 53, 78, a, 177, 307, a, lxviii., 330, a, 615, a.

Phillimore, J. Speech on neutral rights, 643, a.

Phillimore, R., on international law, 632, a, 633, a, 313, a; speech, 666, a.

Pickering, Secretary, to Mr. J. Q. Adams, 518, 519.

Pickering's Reports, 307, a.

Pierce, President, message, on the Sound dues, 245, a; as to the navigation of
the South American rivers, 268, a; on the abolition of privateering, 437, a ;
on neutral rights, 543, a; veto on the French Spoliation Bill, 618, a.
Pinheiro-Ferreira. Notes to Martens's Précis du Droit, &c., 279; Droit Public,

306, a; compte rendu by, of Wheaton's Histoire des Progrès du Droit des
Gens, &c., cxlvii.

Pinkney, W., Life of, by Wheaton, 25, a, 331, a; opinions of, 395, 561.

Piracy, under the law of nations, 184; distinction between, under the law of
nations and by municipal statute, xli., 185; whether the slave-trade is to be
regarded as, 186.

Pirates, recaptures from, 432.

Poglizza. Semi-sovereign State, 50.

Poland and Russia, nature of the union between, 57; charter of Alexander, of
1815, 57; Manifesto of Nicholas, 1832, 58.

Polson's Law of Nations, cli., 19, a, 313, a.

Port, exemption from local jurisdiction of foreign ships of war, in, 149; articles
of promiscuous use becoming contraband, when destined to, of naval equip-
ment, 553; asylum in neutral, dependent on consent of neutral State, 498;
property carried into neutral, 458.
Portalis. Conclusions rélatives à la Prise du Navire Americain, le Statira, 441. ·
Porte, Ottoman, relations with the Barbary States, 52; with Moldavia, Wallachia,
and Servia, 48, a.; with the nations of Christendom, clxxix, 20, 19, a; inter-
vention of the great powers of Europe in the affairs of, clxxv., 21, a, 109 ;
treaty of, with the United States as to American vessels entering the Black
Sea, 241, a; as to the jurisdiction of the minister and consuls, 172, a.
Portugal, British intervention in the affairs of, 98; alliance between Great Bri-
tain and, 351; law of, relative to reciprocity as to property of friendly nations
recaptured from enemy, 448.

Pothier. Procédure Civile, 201; Traité de la Propriété, 439, 449, 450, 451, 479.
Power, judicial, of a State, its extent over criminal affairs, 174; over property
within the territory, 196; over foreigners residing in the territory, 200.
Powers, full, 318.

Precedence among powers enjoying royal honors, 210.

Prescription, title to property founded on, 218; claims to a portion of the sea on
account of, 238; rule applicable to a question of boundary between the States
of the American Union, 218, a.

Prisoners of war, exchange of, 417; selling and ransoming, 418, a.
Privateers, 431; instructions of Secretary Adams to Mr. Rush respecting, 432, a;
Mr. Rush to Mr. Adams, communicating British refusal to treat on the subject
of, 433, a; treaties of the United States with various countries against their
citizens serving in foreign, 432, a; prohibition by neutral powers to engage
in, 434, a; course of England and France, in the present war, as to, 435, a;
correspondence between Secretary Marcy and Mr. Buchanan respecting,
435, a; President Pierce's message respecting, 436, a.

Prize. Vessels of war under the Prize Act, 453; whether courts of, in captor's
country are alone competent to condemn, 400; condemnation by Court of,
in California during the war with Mexico, 456, a; distinction between Courts
of, and Municipal tribunals, 461; of one belligerent party admitted into
neutral ports, whilst those of the other excluded, 490.

Procedure, in rem. Distinction between the rules of decision and of procedure,
as affecting cases in rem, 196.

Property, rights of private, how affected by a revolution, 42; sovereign right
of every independent State over the, within its territory, 131; extent
of judicial power over all, within the territory, 196; succession of personal,
ab intestato, 196; treaty stipulations respecting, 119, 169, cxi.; foreign will, how

carried into effect in another country, 197; conclusiveness of foreign sen-
tences, in rem, 197; transfer of, under foreign bankrupt law, 198; rights of,
217; national proprietary rights, 217; public and private, 217; eminent
domain, 217; prescription, 218; by conquest and discovery, 218; enemy's,
found in the territory at the commencement of the war, how far liable to
confiscation, 366; how far enemy's, subject to capture and confiscation, 419;
restitution, in 1815, of the works of art in the Louvre, 426; distinction
between private, taken at sea and on land, 429; title to, captured in war,
432; title to real, how transferred in war, 469; jus postliminii, 469; captured,
ransom of, 478.

Proudhon, Des Personnes, 306, a.

Province or colony, asserting its independence, how considered, by other States,
34; recognition of its independence by other foreign States, 35.
Provisions and naval stores when contraband, 551; British order respecting,

555.

Prussia, interference of, in the Belgian revolution, 105; in the internal affairs of
the Ottoman Empire, in 1840, 103; the position of, in the present war,
clxxvi.; discussions with the United States, cxiii., 287, 517. See Zollverein.
Puffendorf, De Jure Naturæ et Gentium, 6, 31, 218, 253, 254, 260, 319; Ele-
menta, 176.

Ransom of captured property, 478.

Ꭱ.

Ratification of treaties, 318; how far obligatory to give, when concluded under
full power, 323; cases of Netherlands and France in withholding, 326, a;
distinction where the department of the government that gives the instruc-
tions is not identical with the one that ratifies, 327, a.

Rayneval. Institutions du Droit de la Nature et des Gens, 17; De la Liberté de
la Mer, 592, a.

Recaptures and salvage, 437; from pirates, 438; of neutral property, 439; from

an enemy, 443; rule of amicable retaliation or reciprocity, applied to the
recapture of the property of allies, 444; laws of different countries as to,
447, 448, 449, 451, 452; treaty between England and Spain respecting,
452, a; recapture by a non-commissioned vessel, 453.

Reciprocal abolition of discriminating duties on navigation proposed by the United
States, xcviii.

Reddie. Researches Historical and Critical in Maritime International Law,
562, a; opinion of Wheaton on Captures, xxxii.; of his other Works, el.
Reformation, wars of, 93.

Religious worship, freedom of, to public minister, 304.

Reprisals. Their effect, 362; persons resident in the enemy's country subject to
392; the unjust sentence of a foreign tribunal a ground for, 460.

Republics, the great, entitled to royal honors, 210.

Residence, species of, constituting domicile, 394.

Resistance to search, by enemy master, 592.

Retraite, Droit de, 118.

Revue Etrangère et Françoise, lxvi., lxvii., lxxxi., cxxv., cxxix., cxxxi., cxlviii.,

55, a, 145, a, 156, a, 299, 494, a, 627, a.

Rhine, navigation of, 255.

Rhode Island. Boundary with Massachusetts, 218, a; restrictions on the suffrage
of naturalized citizens in, 628, a.

Rights of States, absolute international, 85; conditional international, 85; of self-
preservation, 85; of self-defence, modified by rights of other States of inter-
vention or interference, 85, 87.

Rivers forming part of the territory of the State, 252; right of innocent pas-
sage on, flowing through different States, 253; incidental right to the use of
the banks of, 253; rights to, imperfect in their nature, 254; modified by com-
pact, 254; treaties of Vienna respecting, 254 ; navigation of the Rhine, 255;
of the Mississippi, 257; of the St. Lawrence, 261, 266, a; of South America
267, a.

Rives, Mr. Webster's, Secretary, instructions to, as to recognition of the change
in the French Constitution, 276, a.

Robinson. Admiralty Reports, 7, 52, 135, a, 235, 300, 364, 385, 392, 396, 397,
399, 400, 408, 409, 411, 414, 417, 418, 431, 442, 447, 453, 454, 455, 458,
460, 479, 492, 493, 495, 531, 533, 548, 552, 553, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568,
574, 577, 578, 579, 580, 582, 583, 584, 586, 590, 592, 618, 619.

Romilly, Sir Samuel, Life of, 429.

Rose's Cases in Bankruptcy, 139, 198.

Rule of the war of 1756, xix., 572; obsolete, 575, a.

Rush, Mr. Despatches on Impressment, 164, a, 237, a; on the fisheries, 238, a;
on private war on the ocean, 433, a; on the navigation of the St. Lawrence,
266, a.

Rush's Memoranda of a Residence at the Court of London, 238, a.
Russell and Milne's Reports, 334.

Russia and Poland. See Poland and Russia.

Russia, interference of, in the internal affairs of the Ottoman Empire, 21, a,
48, a, 103, 241, cxlii., cxlv., clxxv.; discussion as to the North-west coast of
America with the United States, 221; with Great Britain, convention of
1825, 224; proposed as arbitrator under the North-eastern Boundary Con-
vention between the United States and Great Britain, lxxvii.; treaty by,
with the United States respecting neutral rights, clxxxi., 543, a.
Rutherforth. Institutes of national law, 30, 159, 176, 217, 218, 274, 284, 286,
287, 319, 355, 364, 417, 419, 465, 504, 558.

S.

Saalfield. Handbuch des positiven Völkerrechts, 176.

263;

St. Lawrence, free navigation of, 261; American and British papers on,
Rush's negotiations respecting, 266, a; Gallatin's correspondence with
Secretary Clay respecting, 266; Marcy's treaty for the navigation of, 266, a.
Sarpi, Paolo, del Dominio del Mare Adriatico, 234.
Safe conduct, 475.

Sala. Derecho real de España, 312, a.

Sartiges, Comte de. Correspondence with the Secretary of State respecting Cuba,
88, a; with Secretary Marcy respecting privateering, 435, a; respecting
neutral rights, 540.

Savigny's opinion of international law, 20; system des heutigen Römischen
Rechts, 20.