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table to the age that language such as this should be tolerated by any auditory without marks of distinct reprobation. It amounts to a broad and plain acknowledgment that the public weal is not to be regarded when opposed to private interest-a sentiment certainly the reverse of patriotic, and equally opposed to the leading dogmata of republicanism. But all that matters nothing. As in commercial speculation no man cares for his brother, but rather tries if possible to outwit him, so do some of our commercial legislators maintain that all tricks are allowable in politics as well as trade, and that the game of "Beggar my neighbour may be fitly played in Parliament. It requires no searching glance to discover in this the symptoms of profound demoralisation; but we should wrong the Legislature, and even the Liberal party, were we to assume that even a considerable portion of them sympathised with so sordid an avowal. There may be, and there is, great difference of opinion, both as to the extent of the claims for relief which may be urged on the part of any interest in the country which has suffered under recent legislation, and as to the nature of the means which ought to be applied remedially. These are fair subjects of discussion, and we trust they will be discussed in a becoming spirit; but, looking to the speeches which have already emanated from Manchester, we must be prepared for a violent opposition to every measure which has a tendency to heal the sores which the recent differences have engendered. It is in these discussions that the element of patriotism, where it exists, must show itself in opposition to the blind attacks of faction. Surely the welfare and the tranquillity of the country is a matter of far greater moment than any party triumph; surely it would be wise to reconcile classes which have been arrayed in opposition, not to irritate those who are still smarting under a sense of recent injury. Let the Ministry be judged by its acts and its measures. If the latter are not such as the country has good reason to expect, or of which it can conscientiously approve, then the reins of government must necessarily pass

into other hands. But, above all things, it is needful that discord should cease at home. Awful is the responsibility which those will incur who lend their countenance and aid to faction, at a time when foreign events of great significance have at last aroused the nation from its lethargic torpor, and dissipated the dream of fancied security in which we had so long indulged. Possibly the alarm may not be followed by any corresponding aggression, for a wakeful and watchful policy will ever be found the best safeguard against outward attacks; but for the maintenance of peace we have evidently no security. And very blind we must be if we cannot read, in the late history of France, a lesson of the most emphatic warning against a democratic movement. Mr Bright and his fellows are using just now, though perhaps unconsciously, the very same language which, from the mouths of the French democrats, led to the subversion of the monarchy, the disorganisation of society, the destruction of credit, and the reign of the barricades. And what has followed? Slaughter, rapine, almost civil war, the suppression of the liberty of the press, and the reign of a military dictator. Is it to accomplish such ends as these that we are asked to change our system, to give increased rapidity to the deliberations of our senate, or rather to dispense with any deliberation at all—to infuse more of the popular element, as it is called, into our institutions; to trust to the "instinct " of the masses of the nation, and not to the calm judgment of its wisest and its best? Never has democracy, though rebuked by Providence wherever it has reared its head, experienced a more signal rebuke than in this latest instance of France. is of no avail that the men who were themselves the chief instigators of the movement, rail in their exile against that tyranny which was the inevitable consequence of their misdeeds. Blind with faction, they could not see what they were doing-they could not perceive that each step made towards pure democracy was subversive of the nation's liberties. Long indeed may it be before our country, blessed with national liberty and free institu

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tions, shall be led, by the instigation of demagogues, to plunge into a similar chaos.

Where there are demagogues, faction is of course to be found. It is therefore not to be wondered at if it should show its head amongst us; but it is the duty of every well-wisher of the country to do his utmost to keep it down. It is far less open faction that we fear, than that kind of it which makes its approach under the more respectable name of party. Many men who would shrink from being broadly factious, and who would indignantly deny the charge, do nevertheless commit faction by trusting implicitly to their leaders, and by treading diligently in their footsteps. For even the leaders, when they act from what has very aptly been termed "mixed motives," are not unfrequently driven into faction, their own hearts too often deceiving them as to the purity of their conduct. There are many temptations in the way of a politician; and perhaps that man would be more than mortal who did not occasionally feel an impulse to take advantage of an adversary's un

guarded position; but there is a vast difference between that and a deliberate and preconcerted attack made, not for any real public end, but simply for the purposes of molestation. It remains yet to be seen how this debate will be conducted, and how it will terminate. For ourselves we have no hesitation in characterising this as a deliberate factious effort, and not as a fair and legitimate party movement; because we are unable to see any absolute advantage which could be gained by any party or any principle by the adoption of Mr Villiers' motion. If it is simply intended as a censure upon Protectionists, it is senseless and out of place. It has no proper reference to future policy, apart from the amendment; because that is as clearly expressed in the one as in the other. It gives no further security for the continuance of the present system of commercial policy, than is accorded by the general acquiescence of the nation, and the direct declaration of Ministers. In a word, it is factious; and, as such, we sincerely trust that it will not receive the sanction of the House of Commons.

INDEX TO VOL. LXXII.

Abdul Meschid, Sultan, sketch of, 164.
Abolitionists, views and measures of the,
in the United States, 46.

Aborigines of Australia, sketches of the,
302.

Abu-Harasch, sketches at, 455.
Abu-Sin, an Arab Sheik, 454, 455.
Achmet Pasha, notices of, 446 et seq.
passim-his death, 448.

Adulteration, universality of, 433-pun-
ishment due to it, 435.

Africa, results of the reduction of our
force in, 15.

Agricultural produce, diminished amount
of, in Great Britain, 211.

AITON'S TRAVELS IN THE EAST, review of,
745.

ALPHONSE KARR, 71.

Alpine hare, habits, &c. of the, 229.
AMERICA, SULLIVAN'S RAMBLES IN, 680.
American, an, views, &c., of, on the pre-
sent state of France, 726.

American Indians, various representa-
tions of the, 681-sketches of them by
Sullivan, 683.

AMERICAN POLITICS, 45.

American Tariff, views of parties, &c., on
the, 45.

Arabs, sketches of the, 450.

"ARE THERE NOT GREAT BOASTERS AMONG
US!" 432.

Armenia, sketches in, 169.

Armenian horses, peculiarities of, 177.
Army, the British, its available strength
within the country, 9.

AUSTRALIA, RESIDENCE AND RAMBLES IN,
300.

Australia, emigration of Chinese to, 101
-the supply of gold from, and its price
there, 203-extent of the emigration
to, 209-a visit to the gold fields of,
and sketches of the diggers, &c., 310
-emigration to, from the West Indies,
442-employment given to shipping by
the emigration from Great Britain to,
572 et seq. importation of refined
sugar from Holland into, 574.
Baibut, the town of, 175.

Bailly's Memoirs, Jeffrey's review of, 474.
Barricade, a Parisian, description of, 731.

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Bonham, Mr, British consul at Teheran,
179.
Bothwell, the connection of, with Mary,
620.

BRIDEGROOM, THE, by H. G. K., 516.
Bright, Mr, speech of, against the minis-
try, 763 et seq.

Buffalo-hunting in America, 686.
Byron, Jeffrey's criticism on, 467, 468.
Caffre war, effects of our economical
system on the, 15.

California, emigration of Chinese to, and
its effects, 98, 102 et seq.-the supply
of gold from, and its effects, 203.
Calne, the election for, 255.

Camel, antipathy between, and the horse,
179.

Campbell, Jeffrey's criticism on, 470-his
delineation of Outalissi, 681.
Canning, Sir Stratford, sketch of, by Dr
Wagner, 166.

Caravan journey from Erzroum to Tabriz,
a, 176.

Cardwell, Mr, the defeat of, at Liverpool,
257.

Carlisle, Sir James Graham's election for,
258.

Cavenagh's Rough Notes on Nepaul, re-
view of, 86.

Caxton, Pisistratus, My Novel by, Part
XXII., 49-Part XXIII., 235-Part
XXIV., 331-Part XXV., 479-Part
XXVI., 576-Part XXVII., 653.
Cayenne pepper, the adulteration of, 433.

CELESTIALS, THE, AT HOME AND ABROAD, Cotton manufactures, increased duties on,
98.

Celibacy of the clergy, results of the, in

Spain, 716.

CHALMERS' BIOGRAPHY, SOME

REMARKS

ON THE FOURTH VOLUME OF, 316.

Chambord, the count de, 643.

Chartum, sketches at, 446.

levied by the Zollverein, 557-increase

of, in the United States, 566.

Country, state of the, 766.

Crabbe, Jeffrey's criticism on, 470.
Craigerook, Jeffrey's residence at, 282.
Cranstoun, George, sketch of, by Lord
Cockburn, 270.

Chicory, the adulteration of coffee with, CRUSADER'S MARCH, the, 372.
433.

China, emigration to various quarters

from, 99 et seq.-recent history and
social state of, 106.

CHINESE, THE, AT HOME AND ABROAD, 98.
Chippeway Indian, sketch of a, 683.
Church, the, in Germany during the
fourteenth century, 596.

Church of Scotland, origin, &c., of the,
317.

Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusa-
lem, the, 752.

CHURCH OF SPAIN, THE, 711.

Churdshid Pasha, governor of Sennaar,
453.

Cid of Corneille, the, 409.

Clergy, character of the, in Germany
during the fourteenth century, 596.
Clerical celibacy, consequences of, in
Spain, 716.

Clerk, John, sketch of, by Lord Cock-
burn, 271.

Cobden, Mr, expressed views of, with re-

gard to war, 2-position of Lord John
Russell with regard to him, 119-
speech of, at his election for York-
shire, 261-contrast between him and
Wellington, 631-speech, &c., of, at
the Manchester banquet, 764.
COCKBURN'S LIFE OF JEFFREY, Part I.,
269-Part II., 461.

Coffee, the adulterations of, 433.
Colonies and Colonial fortresses, defence-
less state of the, 14.

COLQUHOUN'S MOOR AND LOCH, 218.
Compromise party in the United States,
the, 46.

Confession of Faith, the Scottish, origin
of, 317.

Confessional, the, in Spain, 716.
Conservatives, neglect of registration by
the, 130.

Constantinople, sketches at, 164.
Consumers, effects of the increased supply
of gold on the, 206.

Coombing, an Australian residence, 308.
Cooper, J. F., representations of the
American Indians by, 681.
CORNEILLE AND SHAKSPEARE, 397.
Corneille, influence of, on France and the
French Revolution, 398.

Corobbery or Australian dance, a, 302.
Corruption, prevalence of, in China, 109.
Corunna, sketch of, 747.

Cotton, produce of, by the United States,
and its distribution, 570.

Cuba, immigration of Chinese labourers
into, 100.

Cypress swamp, sketch of a, 688.
Daily News, the, on the Derby adminis-
tration, 357.

Darnley, the character of, 620.
DAY DREAMS, by H. G. K.-Vox claman-
tis in eremo, 513-To my daughter,
515-a Farewell, ib.-The bridegroom,
516-Summer, ib.-Oribates, 757-I
will look unto the hills, ib.--Music,
758-Evening song, ib.

DEATH OF THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON,
THE, 517.

Deer-stalking, requisites for, 221.
Democracy, alliance between, and popery,

114-new definition of the word by
Lord John Russell, 641.

Democrats, the party called, in the United
States, 46.

Denmark, increased stringency of the
tariff of, 565.

DERBY, THE EARL OF, HIS APPEAL TO THE
COUNTRY, 249.

DERBY, THE EARL OF, HIS PRESENT POSI-
TION, 354.

Derby, lord, the Militia Bill introduced
by, 18-the attacks of the Newspapers
on him, 120 et seq.-as the opponent of
popery and democracy, $58-attack by
Sir James Graham on him, 364-his
declaration regarding Free Trade, 761.
Derby administration, the attacks of the
Newspaper press on the, 354 et seq.-
virulence of the Whigs against the,
636-inveteracy of faction against the,

759.

Deserters, punishment of, in Egypt, 454.
DIES BOREALES, No. IX., Christopher
under Canvass, 133-the invocations of
the ancient poets, ib.—those of Milton,
134 the Muse of poetry, 137-Mil-
ton's manner of representation, 142-
the ethical dogma of Paradise Lost,
149 No. X., Discussion on Paradise
Lost continued, 373.

Dinner, a Spanish, 716.

Disraeli, Mr, attacks of Cobden, &c. on,

262-his speech at Aylesbury, 265–
his fitness for his position, 363-attack
by Sir James Graham on him, 364-his
amendment to Mr Villiers' motion, 766.
Disunionists, party of, in the United
States, 46.

Dock battalions, inefficiency of the, in the
field, 13.

Dogs, training, &c. of, for grouse-shoot-
ing, 226.
Domestic life, change regarding, in
France, 545-sketches of, in Spain,
716.

Döring, George, the pilgrimage of the
Flagellants by, 596.

Douglas, Sir Howard, on the defences
of England, 20.

Drama, modern influence of the, 397-in-
fluence of the, in France, and its pre-
sent state, 727.

Drummond, Mr, speech of, on taxation,
263.

Edinburgh Review, Lord Cockburn on the,
270-the establishment of it, 276-the
criticisms on the poems of Words-
worth in it, 461-attack on Lord John
Russell by it, 644.

Education, views of Lord Derby on, 120-
the general cry for it, and its true mo-
tives, 434-an American on the defi-
ciency of, in France, 727.

Egerton's Winter's Tour in India, review
of, 86.

Egypt, sketches by Dr Aiton in, 748.
Elections, results of the, 264-excite-
ment of the, 634.

Electioneering Frauds, on, 440.
Elephant hunt in Nepaul, an, 90.
Emigration, influence of the gold dis-
coveries on, 98-the great increase of
it, 208-the annual amount of it from
1840 to 1851, 209-the causes of its
increase, 210 new direction of it
to Australia induced by the gold
discoveries, 300-employment given
to shipping by it, 572.

Encumbered Estates commission, sales
under the, in Ireland, 214.
England, increase of Popery in, 714.
English mob, difference between an, and
a French, 398.

English press, (violence of the, against
Louis Napoleon, 724.

Erskine, Henry, sketch of, by Lord Cock-
burn, 271.

Erzroum, journey from, to Tabriz, 176.
Europeans, life of, in Persia, 181.
EVENING SONG, by H. G. K., 758.
Export trade, losses on the, and their
causes, 212.

Faction, predominance of the spirit of,
759.

Famines, frequency of, and their results
in China, 107.

FAREWELL, A, by H. G. K., 515.
Ferguson, Mr, on the French tariff, 561.
FICTIONS FOR FRENCH FIRESIDES, 545.
Fine Arts, frauds connected with the, 439.
Finance Reform Associations, on, 645.
Fitzroy, Sir Charles, governor of New
South Wales, 301.

FLAGELLANTS, PILGRIMAGE OF THE, 596.
Flies, artificial, preparation of, 223.

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Foreign relations, present state of, 1.
France, the motives of, for hostility
against England, 3-her military sys-
tem, 4-her probable conduct to Eng-
land in the event of the conquest of
the latter, 5-her position under Na-
poleon and at present for the invasion,
7-force available for it, 9-present
state of her navy, 17 et seq.-change
as regards domestic life in, and the
causes of it, 545-increasing stringency
of her tariff against British manu-
factures, 560-the position of Louis
Napoleon in, and danger to Great
Britain from it, 642-present aspect of,
724-indifference as to politics in, 725
-an American on its state, prospects,
&c., 726-influence of the drama in,
and its character, 728-the coup d'état
of December, 730.

Francis II., marriage, &c. of Queen Mary
to, 626.

Free Trade, views of Lord Derby, &c.

on, 120-decreased amount of Agricul-
tural produce under, 211-increased
amount of Poor rates, 212.
Free-Traders, falsification of the pre-

dictions of the, 121, 554-demands of
the, from the ministry, 759.
French drama, the modern, its character,
&c., 728.

French Mob, difference between a, and
an English, 398.

French Revolution, influence of Corneille
on the, 398.

FROM STAMBOUL TO TABRIZ, 163.
Fugitive Slave bill, the, 691.
Garrisons, force requisite for, in Great
Britain, 11.

GENERAL ELECTION, THE, 114.

General Election, disagreeables of a, 218
-true nature of the struggle involved
in the present one, 249.

Genevieve, a tale, by Alphonse Karr,
71.
Germanic League, restrictive tariff of
the, 556.

Germany, sketches of the social state of,
during the fourteenth century, 596.
Ghowrie Ghai, the, 90.

Gibraltar, sketches at, 721.

Glass, increased duties on, levied by the
Zollverein, 557.

Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, Jeffrey's re-
view of, 473.

-

GOLD ÉMIGRATION-FOREIGN DEPEN-
DENCE-TAXATION, 203.

Gold, the increased annual supply of,
203-its reduced price, ib.-the Times
on the effects to be anticipated from
this, 204-the first discovery of it in
Australia, 301.

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