rying, and both are provided with lock and key, to keep inquisitive and non-scientific rustics from fingering the apparatus which they contain.

1 16

BY R. A. SEYMOUR.

N last week's issue I promised to give my readers specimens of Mr. Parry's ability as a photographic poser, and the above examples are from seven of the photographs that genAHw tleman was kind enough to send me. I have already spoken

of their excellent qualities as photographs, referring to which notice, Mr. Parry modestly says, in a note now before me," Believe me, I never for a moment thought them worthy of such favourable remarks." We are to announce that Mr. Parry has promised to select a few more photo graphs for us, and also to send us a few vignette heads; for, says he, "I often see such very awkwardly 'posed,' perhaps on account of the notion that, as the head and shoulders only are to be taken, sitting' any way will do, which is a great error to commit." In this I fully agree with my courteous and kindly correspondent. Sitters have a knack of holding their heads stiffly erect, and keeping their shoulders square, in a way which is very annoying to an artist photographer desirous of securing that variety of line which is given by an animated pose.

Transactions of Societies.

* SOUTH LONDON PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY. City of London College, Leadenhall-street, May 16th, 1868. SEBASTIAN DAVIS, ESQ., Y.P., IN THE CHAIR.

THE minutes of the preceding meeting having been read and confirmed, Mr. Henderson exhibited some excellent examples of photographic enamels, having very perfect half-tones and a rich variety of colour, but a little wanting in depth and brilliancy. The two latter qualities seemed to us more prominently present in one of the specimens which had not been fired. In reply to an appeal from the chair, Mr. Henderson stated that he was not prepared to describe his process, as it had been matured at considerable cost in time and money, and it was his intention to sell the process, or, failing that, to

work it.

Mr. SIMPSON exhibited some specimens of Marion's transparent tissue, and a negative taken on a similar material prepared by Mr. Woodbury.

Mr. O. G. REJLANDER said this material offered many possible applications, and was superior to mica for all the purposes that the latter was used for.

Mr. BOCKETT asked if it had been noticed that the tissue was full of little specks, which he thought might prove a source of trouble in development. Mr. Simpson said he also had observed this. Mr. Bockett then inquired if it could be attached with gum. Mr. SIMPSON stated in reply that it could, and that by merely immersing it in water containing a little alcohol it would adhere perfectly to albumenised paper.

Mr. Ŏ. G. REJLANDER exhibited a group of studies showing the various changes he had made in the disposition and lighting of the model for his picture called "Homeless," selected by the committee of the society for presentation to its members. After a few general remarks on this subject from the chair, it was announced that no paper or question was before the society, and some member was requested to bring forward a subject for

discussion.

After a pause,

Mr. O. G. REJLANDER rose and said, it was commonly advanced as one of the superior excellences of a good negative, that in the darkest shadows it should present bare glass to ensure intense blackness. But it should be remembered that this pure black was a dangerous as well as a useful quality, and should be used with extreme care. If such pure blacks were in the background, they should not be found in the figure, and if they were in the figure, they should be kept out of the background. There should be no large masses of black, which represent nothing but holes; on the contrary, the amount of pure black in a picture should be small, and reserved to give intensity and brilliance to the highest lights by contrast. He should be glad if this mite of a suggestion was of any value to the members.

Mr. A. H. WALL said his friend Mr. Rejlander had only enforced a principle universally acknowledged in art. The lavish use of black and white made them valueless; but by hoarding them with jealous care, and using them in small portions, with due reference to the wonderful increase of intensity they gained by direct contrast, they became costly in the extreme, and most powerful aids in giving brilliancy, force, and other valuable pictorial qualities.

Mr. SIMPSON spoke of the increased scale of tones obtained when the blacks and whites were pure and intense.

Mr. How pointed out the close resemblance existing between Marion's tissue and Parkesine.

While these desultory remarks were being made, most of the members were discoursing together in low tones, two and two, and the effect was depressing in the extreme. The chairman again made a despairing appeal to somebody to say something aloud to the meeting instead of whispering with his next neighbour, but in vain; and after calling attention to the subject of out-door meetings, the adjournment took place, and most of the members seemed glad to escape from one of the worst meetings of the South London Society we ever attended.

Recent investigations have shown that, in addition to the distinguishing odour, ozone possesses some especial qualifications of its own, not common to the other gas. One of these consists in the power it is endowed with of separating or liberating iodine from iodide of potassium.

Questions and Suggestions.

SOME ROUGH JOTTINGS.

AN Old Photo says, "For sun and reflected light in the glass-house, I have for several summers used white tissue paper, and, where the light is strongest, blue, which can be replenished at will. I have proved it infinitely superior to stippling, starch, whiting, &c. (whiting being too opaque); with the paper up, very good exposure on dull days, seldom exceeding 15 or 18 seconds, working with a Ross No. 3 carte lens. For the side lights I have a deal frame, made of half-inch by oneinch wood, with the paper pasted on it, and move it about as occasion requires.

How frequently has it been asked, What quantity of paper can be floated or sensitised upon a given weight of silver? Last week, having spare time, I tried an experiment upon it. I dissolved 3 drms. of silver in 3 ozs. of distilled water, using a 6 by 8 glass dish, I cut up two sheets of thin Rive and three sheets of Saxe (Fallowfield), folded it into three each way, making forty-five pieces, floated three minutes, and I enclose a card printed upon the last piece of sensitised paper. The only difference I noted, from first to last, was in the toning bath; the last sheet lacked vigour, and bleached very much: so much for that.

I was amused by Sutton's "Photography and Health." During twelve years I have repeatedly been ten hours out of the twenty-four in the glass-house and dark-room, seldom a day away from it, and I don't think it has much impaired my health; but, unlike Mr. Sutton, I found a glass of ale or Hollands, in moderation, a great invigorater. Water is well in its place, particularly a good supply for washing purposes. He speaks of "indigestion." Old age, after a studious life, is the greatest promoter; he may ignore that disease, and, as Hermione says, "Be boy eternal.” But this is widə of photography. One jotting more.

Washing prints.-I have found it an excellent plan, after giving them an hour under a running stream, to take them out, dry them before the fire or in the sun, repeating it three or four times. I have some prints, treated in this manner, that after several years show no signs of fading.

"W. F. D.," Magdalen College, Oxford, would be very glad to know if there is any way of curing a silver bath contaminated with ammonia. He was troubled with the immediate blackening of the plates on developing with iron, and puzzled to know the cause, till he found a small bottle of ammonia (closely stoppered) standing at some distance from the bath, and the latter decidedly alkaline, having been originally slightly acid. Addition of acetic acid, till acid reaction occurred, made matters, if possible, worse. Will evaporation to a small volume expel the ammoniacal salts? The bath is a 50grain one; 8 ounces of it is thus spoilt.

[In reply to "W. F. D.," we may state, if the addition of acetic acid to his bath, till it gave an acid reaction to test paper, "made matters, if possible, worse," there must be something else wrong. The right acid for a bath for bromo-iodised collodion is the nitric, but the acetic will do nearly as well. His bath is too strong if he is using for the wet process the ordinary bromo-iodised collodion. If he has added acetic acid till an acid reaction to litmus paper occurs, evaporation will not expel the ammoniacal salts, simply because the acetic acid has combined with the ammonia and formed acetate of ammonia, which is not driven off by evaporation. From the meagre description given, it is impossible for us to say to a certainty what is the matter with the bath; but whatever may be the disease, he should try the following remedy:-Add to the bath two or three drops, or sufficient to make it slightly alkaline, of liquor ammonia, expose to full daylight for a week or more in a clear glass bottle, dilute down to from 30 to 35 grains, filter, then

An excellent photograph, with a pleasing tone.--ED.

acidulate to the requisite degree with acetic acid. We say "acetic," because W. F. D., has previously been using that acid in the bath, but with bromo-iodised collodion, the "nitric" is preferable.-ED.]

Heplies and Discussions.

POCKET CAMERA.

MESJA writes to inform us that a portable pocket camera is being manufactured, under his direction, which will meet all the requirements mentioned in the extract we published from the Mechanics' Magazine. It is described as "a transferring camera, containing lens or lenses" (one always set) sufficient, with dry plates, for a dozen double pictures. Mesja also promises us the opportunity of seeing and pronouncing upon its merits, for the benefit of our readers.

INSTANTANEOUS PHOTOGRAPHS.

SIR,-In reply to Mr. Kent's letter, allow me to say that I should scarcely call a photograph of a cart-wheel "a study from nature;" at the same time his illustration only serves to prove the truth of my assertion,

If you photograph a wheel in motion, and give, not 90 minutes, nor 90 seconds, but say nine seconds, you get nothing but a disc of flat colour. Instantaneous photography would give just the expression that Mr. Kent so well describes; for I take instantaneous photography to mean the uncapping and capping of the lens. If Mr. Kent wishes to try an experiment in long exposure, I advise him to take two wheels, with horse and 'cart attached, in motion. I should like to see the result.-I am, &c., AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM.

[Instantaneous photography cannot be done by uncapping and capping a lens. The only instance on record of truly instantaneous photography occurred many years ago, and the experiment was performed by Mr. Fox Talbot at the Royal Institution. A wheel was set in rapid motion, and an open lens bearing on a sensitive plate was exposed to it. The illumination was by a powerful electric spark. In the picture the spokes of the wheel were defined as if they had been absolutely at rest. The term "instantaneous photography," as now used, is a very indefinite term.-ED.]

THE PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY'S LAST MEETING.

SIR,-If any long-winded charlatan, or ignorant, if well meaning enthusiast, who may advance outrageous pretensions, and statements diametrically opposed to demonstrated and established facts, is at liberty to fill our journals, and monopolise our public meetings, both our literature and the society are likely to find the lowest depths of degradation very quickly.

No man of science can long feel it to be consistent with his repute, or self-respect, to assist, even by his presence, at such a ridiculous affair as the last meeting of the Photographic Society. The committee knew the extraordinary nature of Mr. M'Lachlan's assertions, knew that they were opposed not only to theoretical probabilities, but also, in very many instances, to practical possibilities, and their duty was, by previous inquiry, to prevent the apparently grave and serious discussion of such utter nonsense, as something calculated to lower the reputation of a society already more than sufficiently damaged in public opinion.

The organised societies and literature of any body of men must be at a low ebb, when the dogmatism of acknowledged ignorance, and the vulgar pretensions of extravagant conceit, are dignified with a show of factitious importance for the sake of a paper for a meeting, or as a means of gratuitously and readily filling so many pages in certain journals; and those who love the art, and know its real scientific importance, must feel sick at heart to witness such an utter prostitution of powers, by which photography ought to be raised to as noble and dignified a position as that claimed by any contemporary branch of art or science.-Yours, &c. AN INDIGNANT MEMBER.

Dutchman, byjname Kaltenbraun, came to the shop in question soliciting orders for album photographs, and he obtained a small one of Mrs. Hulme. Before leaving Birmingham, he made several applications to me; he said he wished me to procure him a few copyright photographs, that he was extremely poor, and that he found it next to impossible to sell his ordinary goods without having that kind among them. Not being able to see me, he left money for the purpose, which I expended to the best of my knowledge, and charged him next to nothing in the shape of profit, in fact, not sufficient to pay for my trouble. He arranged with Mrs. Hulme, while in Birmingham, to receive any moneys he might send at any time, and hand the same over to me when she saw me, with express directions for me to lose no time in procuring what he required, as he could not afford to be kept out of his ready money. I certainly got an impression that I was rendering this fellow a real service. It was only upon the receiving of two trumpery sums of money by Post-office order, that Graves & Co. hung the whole of their evidence against Mrs. Hulme; and the case, taken altogether, was one of the most unjust and arbitrary ever brought into a court of law."

Accepting Mr. Brittain's statements as strictly true, they amount simply to this, that to serve a stranger whom he believed to be extremely poor, Mr. Brittain purchased for him goods which he knew were stolen, and which he also knew were to be sold again. The case, if the above statement be true, is a very hard one for the lady, but we do not recognise Mr. Brittain's right of complaint. Piracy is simply theft, and if there were no markets for the stolen goods there would be no thieves. His conduct was simply disgraceful. Taking the above statements as true, he not only traded in stolen goods, knowing them to be stolen, but he imposed upon the simplicity of a trusting woman, probably ignorant of the law against piracy, and victimised her to ensure himself against the consequences of a dirty action. The spy, if all above said is true, acted a contemptible and disgraceful part; but Mr. Brittain does not come out of the transaction any cleaner than the Dutchman does. Our correspondent continues, “The notice in your columns remarks the defence was vain. Why so? Because, in defiance of all truth, a bench of magistrates, packed for a certainty, and probably bribed, said so." (This accusation is wildly improbable.) "If I sold the pictures, and pocketed the proceeds, I think the defence was exceedingly simple and effectual, being only the truth, which they said they could please themselves about believing. The matter is, however, one more lesson proving the fact that justice may be arrived at outside of an English court-certainly not in.

"I cannot conclude this matter, on what I could say much more, without a caution to photographers and photograph dealers in general, against this fellow Kaltenbraun, and others of a like character whom Graves and Co. have in their employ as paid spies. They are a vagabondising crew, against whom every door of a respectable and honourable character has been for a long time entirely closed."

Perhaps it was because Mr. Brittain felt he had no claim to rank among the said "respectable and honourable" characters that he did not close his door against such spies, as, for the sake of Mrs. Hulme, we heartily wish he had.—ÈD.

ESCAPE OF AMMONIA FROM STOPPERED BOTTLES.

Mr. G. Dawson, of King's College, says: "I have received a letter from another gentleman, R. S. Roberts, in which he sturdily maintains that no harm can possibly accrue to a negative nitrate bath from a stoppered bottle of ammonia being near it; because, he says, no ammonia can escape through a well-stoppered bottle. He could not understand why I gave such an answer as I did to one of Mr. Bockett's queries. (See p. 173.) Without going into particulars, which would occupy too much space, I can assure Mr. Roberts that it is quite unsafe to keep, even what is called "a closely-stoppered ammonia bottle in a dark room, along with an open or slightly covered negative bath. Ammonia, and all loosely combined ammoniacal salts, such as the carbonates and chlorides, should be banished from the dark room, and only be introduced there when there is occasion to use them. In that case the negative nitrate bath should be carefully protected from their influence."

THE COLLODIO-BROMIDE PROCESS.

""

SIR, I observe in the pages of a contemporary, a very, very funny article, although meant to be serious, editorial too, on the collodio-bromide process. Does the writer of that article

really mean to say he could get a good picture by merely rinsing the film in distilled water until all greasiness disappeared, and then coating with tannin? His film, by his own showing, contains an excess of nitrate of silver to begin with, and how he is to wash out that by a "rinse," and how he is to accommodate his tannin to the free nitrate of silver, and how he is to get a picture by his process, I don't know? Can you tell me? We do things very differently by Sayce's process in Liverpool, and find it necessary. LIVERPUDLIANA.

[Apply to the gentleman who makes the statement for a photograph by his process.-ED.]

FOREIGN LENSES.

SIR,-A very extraordinary article appeared in the last number of the Mechanics' Magazine, on "English Photographic Lenses." The writer begins by saying that it has come under his notice that "purchasers have paid twice as much for the lenses as they are worth." That is true enough, I admit, in some instances. Then he goes on to say:-"Some of the photographic periodicals have plenty to say on everything connected with photographic lenses except their price. Now, as the majority of photographers are not scientific men, and as the lens is the most important implement in their business, the bulk of them are very considerably in the power of the photographic journals, in the matter of the purchase of lenses; and it is the duty of these periodicals to inform their subscribers why the best photograpacenses in London are now sold at about twice the price of equally good lenses in Paris. This they will no doubt do when they see how very much the ventilation of this subject will promote the interests of their subscribers, but hitherto the fact has been unfortunately overlooked." There is a little truth in the above extract, but really not much. It is quite possible to get from a French optician a lens, in all respects equal to one by the best of our English makers, and that at a considerably less cost. But it is a "toss up," or rather ten to one, against your getting a really good one. They turn them out as a bricker does his clay out of the moulds; they put them into flimsy brass mounts, and ". "there you are," for the market. I should do injustice to Maugey, Lerebours, and Hermagis, of Paris, whose instruments I know, were I not to say that some of their compound (portrait) lenses are quite up to the mark of our best English optician, Mr. Ross, and to that of Voightlander. But there is always a big

but—it will take a skilled man much labour before he can pick out a good photographic lens from a French omnium gatherum manufactory. I know all this practically, because I was engaged some years ago, by a large firm in London, to test these French lenses for them, and select the best, so that the quasi London maker's name should be engraven on the brass mount

ing. On an average I rejected five out of six, but I always took a Ross lens as a standard. What became of the rejected ones I do not know. I daresay they are still in the market, with

some one's name on the mounting.

Then, again, our Mechanics Magazine optical oracle says:"In the youthful days of photography, Voightlander constructed lenses achromatised for the chemical rays only, which were all brought as much as possible to concentrate their action upon a flat glass plate. But photographers would not continue their use, preferring, perhaps wisely-but probably wrongly-to adopt lenses wherein the chemical and visual foci should approximately coincide, though this could only be done at the cost of a loss of intensity of chemical action. Leaving these lenses of Voightlander out of consideration, there is no advantage in the substitution of an achromatic for a common non-achromatic landscape lens, provided the owner understands the best form and method of using the latter, and does not object to the trouble of pushing in the lens a little after focussing. This movement gives perfect sharpness, and the operator is as well off as if he used the ordinary achromatised lens." Surely Petzval and Voightlander would be amused at these remarks. Our Mechanics' Magazine oracle then shows how a perfect and cheap landscape lens can be made from "an ordinary circular meniscus spectacle eye." It is true, object-glasses of telescopes and "spectacle eyes" were, in the very earliest days of photography, used for lenses, when nothing better could be got. But surely, surely, Mr. Mechanics' Magazine, we have got something better now.

I should occupy too much of your space were I to follow our "learned brother" through all his extraordinary hallucinations. Yet I cannot refrain from adverting to one more infatuation. He says:-"When the pictures of M. Adam Salomon beat all

those sent to the Paris Exhibition by Englishmen, the photographic journals made a great noise about the fact, and wrote columns on the peculiarities and prices of his pictures. Yet, at the same Exhibition, a foreigner carried off the first prize for photographic lenses, leaving the best English opticians out in the cold; and most of the photographic journals said nothing about the peculiarities of the successful lenses, or their price, although the subject is of great interest to English photographers." If my "mechanical" friend will allow me, I can enlighten him a little on this matter. In the first place, I admit that Mr. Salomon beat everybody in photographic portraiture under false pretences. He put his portraits there as untouched, whereas they were touched up, and that with great skill. Nevertheless, they are marvels of excellence, and deserved the medal awarded most excellent quality, and, even if untouched, deserved the to them. These pictures were taken by a "Hermagis" lens of award. But what I have most particularly to remark to the photographic writer in the Mechanics' Magazine is this:—A graphers in England as London agent, who had been applied to by many phototo the lenses by which Mr. Salomon's pictures were taken, made a special pilgrimage to Paris, and found that Mr. Hermagis could not supply and guarantee such good lenses, except at prices as high, if not higher, than those of our best opticians. Mr. Hermagis, like most French opticians, turns out, I daresay, every sort of lens, from a pennyworth up to £1,000. Our best English opticians act differently. I will be bound to say that Mr. Ross, for instance, does not allow a single lens of any kind to pass outside the threshold of his door without having been tested by himself. If it is not up to the mark it is destroyed, and consequently all is the labour in grinding, &c., Opticians of inferior grade grind up any sort of rubbishing glass into forms, and put them in mounts, so as to give a kind of image by refraction; but it is only the skilled optician who knows the refractive indices of his the form demanded by the mathematical formulæ of optical crown and flint glasses, who can properly mould them into science.

lost.

THE study of those ingenious hydraulic contrivances for the washing of prints induced me to give some attention to the construction of a pump, which I think may prove useful to photographers at home. Where we have arrangements matured, and everything in good order, we may not require this; but there are many situations in our photographic rambles where we would be very glad indeed if we could quietly lay our pipe into the water-butt or tank, and thus avoid all the vexation and bother which invariably accompanies manipulation in a strange house, when an attendant brings bucket after bucket upstairs in a choice and picturesque neighbourhood will be glad of to our door. Certainly the artist who remains for some time an invention which will save him endless bother in the preparing of plates and washing of proofs, and which will only necessitate the carrying, in addition to his usual baggage, of an instrument of small bulk and no complexity of structure, together with a few yards of India-rubber piping. I need scarcely observe that this instrument can be set up in a few moments, only requiring you to place the end of the pipe in water, and some part of it between the crescent and the rollers, when it is at once ready for action. On the same principle a pump occupying even less space may be easily conceived. I have such a design before me now, yet I prefer giving this drawing, because it can be made sufficiently portable for travelling, will supply a continuous stream of water, and it illustrates so clearly the principle of this unique invention. TTT, India-rubber tube; A A A, rollers; H, handle by which

they are turned in the direction indicated by the arrow. The end of the tube is placed in the water-butt B, and

AO

laid along E, the crescent-shaped part of the stool; then, on turning the handle, the water is forced upwards and onwards, whilst the vacuum formed is as quickly supplied, provided the elasticity of the Indiarubber is sufficient, and the suction does not exceed 32 feet in perpendicular altitude. The passing of the next roller drives this water forward and compresses the pipe. Thus the alternate action of suction and forcing is most simply contrived.

Bits of Chat.

Mr. Graves still pertinaciously and valiantly assails that hydra-headed monster, photographic piracy. Good right he, of all men, has to do so, for no one has suffered more from unprincipled photographers than he has done. Last Friday, at the Lambeth Police Court, Mr. Woolrych heard a number of summonses, taken out at the instance of Mr. Graves, the printseller, of Pall-mall, against Mr. Prince, a dealer in photographs, carrying on business in Holborn, and residing at Carolinecottages, Brixton, for selling a number of photographs, of which the complainant had the copyright. There were twenty-one alleged offences, and the penalties, at £10, would amount to £210. Mr. Lewis, jun. (Lewis and Lewis), appeared in support of the summonses, and Mr. Brandt, barrister, was for the defendant. Several cases were taken. The evidence of Emil Kaltenbraun, a German in the employ of Mr. Graves, was to the effect that he went on several occasions to the defendant's place of business in Holborn and selected photographs from a bundle handed to him by the clerk. The defendant was present on the 3rd of December,

when he paid 6s. for a dozen of photographs. He identified the photographs, " Ordered on Foreign Service," "My First Sermon," and also "Waiting for the Verdict" and "The Acquittal." Mr. Boydell Graves, son of the complainant, stated that some years ago he went to the defendant's place of business, and when he came in he was recognised, and threatened to be kicked downstairs if he did not leave the place. Mr. H. Graves, the complainant, stated that the copyright of the paintings and photographs was vested in him, and he produced the certificates of registration. He had paid large sums for the right to engrave. Mr. Brandt took several objections in the course of the discussion. The learned counsel said that under the Act of Parliament the penalties would amount to a large sum, and he urged that each case should be strictly proved. Mr. Graves said that many of the photographs were made in Berlin and Birmingham. Mr. Woolrych, after hearing a number of the cases, said the case was far too important for him to decide without consideration. He would consider the points urged, and the construction of the Acts of Parliament. His present impression was that the case had been established, but he would, before he gave his judgment, consider all the objections taken. As he was going to leave town for some time, the case must stand over. Mr Lewis mentioned that the Act required the penalties to be recovered within six months from the time of the offence, and several of the summonses were for offences committed in December last. Mr. Woolrych said he would give judgment on Saturday. Mr. Lewis asked for bail to be given for the defendant's appearance. Mr. Brandt objected. The defendant had appeared, and would appear again. The magistrate required bail from the defendant in £100, and his own recognisance in £200 for his appearance.

On Saturday the defendant again appeared, and was convicted in nineteen separate instances of piracies, the fines for which were £5 each, or 14 days' imprisonment; in all, £95, or 38 weeks' imprisonment. A case was asked for the Queen's Bench, but very properly refused. A curious scene then occurred. The defendant wanted, then and there, to declare himself bankrupt. The magistrate considered this proposition an insult to the Court, more especially as the defendant, who ought rather to be considered the prisoner at the bar, had been allowed all indulgence. Mr. Graves would not press for costs in the case, but as the fine was not forthcoming, the prisoner was removed in the prison van.

In France, where they are very quick at utilising any refuse matter, a maker of "colifichets"-those yellow-looking, is at a loss to make out-was some years ago suddenly enabled unsubstantial articles, whether food for man or bird, the Briton to cut out all the rivals in his trade by the low price at which he sold them. After a little time the mystery came out; these "colifichets" are made principally of the egg-yelk, and to provide this ingredient the clever Frenchman had made a contract with all the principal photographers for the cheap purchase of this refuse of their profession. In England the confectioners now obtain this substance from the same source. There must be a great abundance of it in the market, and in consequence cheese-cakes ought to be cheap; at all events, the price should depend upon the fluctuations of personal vanity. When there is a great run upon the photographers in fine weather, there ought to be a decline in this particular delicacy.

Good recipes produce good cooks, but not good pictures.- Walter Thornbury.

The Rev. L. M. Humbert, M.A., of St. John's College, Oxford, is about to publish in a handsome volume (uniform with Memorials of John Keble), an illustrated Memorial of the Hospital of St. Cross, near Winchester, of which he is master. It will be illustrated with a series of photographs by Savage, of Winchester, and will give a history of the foundation of the "Almshouse of Noble Poverty " and its chequered fortunes down to the present day. Thus the book will form at once an elegant book for the drawing-room table, and a real addition to the archæology of a county which, though one of the most interesting in the kingdom, is remarkably poor in antiquarian records. It should be added that the profits of this work will be devoted to the fund for restoring the Hospital of St. Cross.