Artillery: Its Origin, Heyday, and Decline

9 ft adopted artillery ballistic balls barrel became bombard bore brass breech British service bronze burning bursting charge calibre cannon carriage Carron Ironworks carronade cartridge cast cast-iron chamber composition copper cordite cross-bow culverin defence Demi-cannon Demi-culverin detonating diameter effect elevation employed engines England equipment explosive feet field filled firing French fuze Greek fire gunner gunpowder Henry VIII horses howitzer ignition improved incendiary inches increased introduced invented iron J. R. Partington John ladle latter length light loading London machine manufacture mealed powder metal military missile modern Mons Meg mortar mounted muzzle original pattern pellet percussion fuze pressure projectile propellant range recoil rifled ring RML guns rocket Royal Royal Arsenal Saker saltpetre shell shock of discharge shot shrapnel siege sixteenth century steel stone sulphur tion tons trunnions tube velocity vent weapon weight wheel wire wooden Woolwich wrought-iron yards ΙΟ