M.A., by undertaking the laborious task of preparing the index. I should be ungrateful if I did not recognise the help I have received from Mr. H. M. McKechnie, Secretary of the Manchester University Press. I am under a deep obligation to Mr. Henry Guppy, Librarian of the John Rylands Library, who, by generous purchases, has enabled me to carry out almost the whole of the work in Manchester, and, in so doing, has created the nucleus of an excellent library of Anglo-Indian history, which will, I hope, render good work possible in the future. Mr. Sutton, of the Manchester City Library, has given me similar help.

RAMSAY MUIR.

THE UNIVERSITY, MANCHESTER,

August 1915.

Introduction, p. 19; Documents: 1 A Factory of the East India

Company in the Days before the Conquest (Fryer, 1696), p. 22;

2 An Englishman's View of the State of India in 1753 (Orme),

p. 25; The European Idea of the Mogul Empire (1757), p. 31.

CHAPTER II

THE EAST INDIA COMPANY AS KING-MAKER: POWER

WITHOUT RESPONSIBILITY, 1756-1765

34-76

Introduction, p. 34; Documents : 4 Siraj-uddaula's Attitude

towards the English (Holwell to Directors), p. 39; 5 Siraj-uddaula

captures Calcutta (French Council at Chandernagore), p. 41; 6

The Siege of Calcutta (Holwell), p. 43; 7 Treaty with Siraj-uddaula,

Feb. 9, 1757, p. 46; 8 The Renewal of War with Siraj-uddaula

(Select Committee to Directors), p. 47; 9 The Battle of Plassey

and its Results (Clive to Secret Committee), p. 53; 10 The Aims of

the English (Clive to Calcutta Council), p. 57; 11 Treaty with Mir

Jafar, 1757, p. 58; 12 The Nawab's Gifts to the Company's Servants

(Clive to his father), p. 59; 13 Clive's Defence of the Receipt of

Gifts, p. 60; 14 The Relation of the British Government to the

New East Indian Dominion (Clive to Pitt), p. 61; 15 The Failure

of Mir Jafar's Government (Holwell), p. 64; 16 Mir Jafar replaced

by Mir Kasim (Treaty of 1760), p. 66; 17 The Grievances of Mir

Kasim (Mir Kasim to Vansittart), p. 67; 18 The Difficulties of an

Honest Governor (Vansittart), p. 69; 19 The Abuses of English

Trading (Hastings to Vansittart), p. 69; 20 Attempted Remedies

(Hastings to Vansittart), p. 71; 21 The Breach with Mir Kasim

(Vansittart), p. 72; 22 A Fair Judgment on Mir Kasim (Vansittart),

p. 74; 23 The Directors' Condemnation of their Servants, p. 75;

24 Clive's View of the Abuses, p. 76.

CHAPTER III

DUAL GOVERNMENT, 1765-1772

77-101

Introduction, p. 77; Documents: 25 Clive's Views on British

Policy in 1765, p. 82; 26 The Grant of the Diwani (Mogul's Firman),

p. 84; 27 The Position of the Nawab, p. 85; 28 The Treaty with

Oudh, 1765, p. 85; 29 The First Intervention of the British Parlia-

ment (7 G. III. c. lvii.), p. 87; 30 Form of Indenture of the Com-

pany's Servants, p. 87; 31 Clive's Proposals for Increasing the

Remuneration of Servants, p. 88; 32 Trade Oppression in Bengal

(W. Bolts), p. 89; 33 The Bad Working of Dual Government (R.

Becher), p. 92; 34 The Institution of Supravisors, 1769, p. 95; 35

The Great Famine of 1770, p. 97; 36 The Need for Responsible

Government (Bolts), p. 99.

CHAPTER IV

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF EFFICIENT AND RE-

SPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT: WARREN HASTINGS,

1772-1785

PERIOD I.: THE WORK OF ADMINISTRATIVE

REFORM, 1772-1774

102-166

104-129

Introduction, p. 102; Documents: 37 Hastings on the Difficulties

of his Task (W. H. to Dupré), p. 109; 38 The Need for Experiment

(W. H. to Barwell), p. 110; 39 The Need of Centralised Authority

(W. H. to Directors), p. 110; 40 Hastings' Advice to Officers of the

Company, p. 113; 41 A First Survey of the Work of Reform (W.

H. to Directors), p. 113; 42 The New System of Jurisdiction and

its Relation to the Old (Report of Committee of Circuit), p. 117;

43 A Summary of the Work of Two Years (W. H. to Sykes),

p. 120; 44 The Defects of the Collectors (W. H. to Dupré), p. 122;

45 Further Revenue Reforms (W. H. to Sulivan), p. 123; 46 Trade

Reforms (W. H. to Colebrooke), p. 125; 47 Hastings' Foreign

Policy (W. H. to Elliot), p. 126; 48 Relations with Oudh and the

Mogul (W. H. to Sulivan), p. 127; 49 Reasons for the Rohilla War

(W. H. to Champion), p. 129.

PERIOD II. CONFLICT WITH THE COUNCIL,

1774-1776

130-145

Introduction, p. 130; Documents: 50 North's Regulating Act,

1773, p. 133; 51 Hastings' Struggle with his Council (W. H. to

Graham), p. 140; 52 The Destructive Work of the Majority (W.

H. to Sulivan), p. 141; 53 Schemes of Reform (W. H. to North),

p. 143; 54 Hastings' Defence of Indian Law (W. H. to Mansfield),

p. 143.

PERIOD III. THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE,

1776-1785

145-166

Introduction, p. 145; Documents: 55 Reforms during the War

(W. H. to Scott), p. 148; 56 The Relations of the Supreme Court

with the Local Judiciary (Hastings' Minute), p. 150; 57 Hastings'

Educational Work (W. H. to Directors), p. 151; 58 Hastings the

Saviour of British India, p. 153; 59 The Mahratta War, p. 153; 60

Hastings' Review of his Administration, 1785, p. 156; 61, 62, 63

Indian Opinion of Hastings' Administration, p. 164.

CHAPTER V

THE NEW SYSTEM CONSOLIDATED: CORNWALLIS

AND SHORE, 1786-1798

167-198

Introduction, p. 167; Documents: 64 Pitt's India Act, 1784,

p. 170; 65 Independent Powers of Governors (Act of 1793), p. 178;

The War with Tipu Sahib and the Triple Alliance: Introduction,

p. 179; Documents: 66 The Necessity of a Combination against

Tipu (Cornwallis to Malet), p. 180; 67 Slow Progress of the War

(Cornwallis to Bp. of Lichfield), p. 181; 68 The Peace with Tipu

(Cornwallis to Dundas), p. 182; 69 Territorial Acquisitions (Corn-

wallis to Directors), p. 182; 70 The Triple Alliance of 1792 (Corn-

wallis to Malet), p. 183; The Permanent Settlement of Bengal:

Introduction, p. 184; Documents: 71 The Preliminary Enquiries

(Cornwallis to Directors), p. 186; 72 The Claims of the Zemindars

(Minute by Cornwallis), p. 186; 73 The Problem of Land-Revenue

(Minute by Cornwallis), p. 187; 74 Causes of Agrarian Oppression

(Cornwallis to Directors), p. 189; 75 Defence of the Permanent

Settlement (Cornwallis to Directors), p. 189; 76 A Criticism of the

Permanent Settlement (Metcalfe), p. 191; Administrative] and

Judicial Reforms: Introduction, p. 192; Documents: 77 The

Remuneration of Collectors (Cornwallis to Directors), p. 193; 78

Criminal Justice and the Remuneration of the Judges (Cornwallis

to Directors), p. 194; 79 New System of Local Jurisdiction (Corn-

wallis to Directors), p. 196; 80 Establishment of the New System

(Shore to Bensley), p. 197; 81 The Industry and Purity of the

Service (Shore to Inglis), p. 198.

CHAPTER VI

THE COMPANY BECOMES PARAMOUNT POWER IN

INDIA: WELLESLEY, 1798–1806 .

199-246

Introduction, p. 199; Documents: 82 The Marquess Wellesley's

Government of India (Duke of Wellington), pp. 205-237: (i.) The

State of India in 1798, p. 206; (ii.) The Alliance against Tipu and

his Overthrow, p. 210; (iii.) The Rearrangement of Tipu's Lands,

p. 212; (iv.) The New Treaty with Oudh, p. 213; (v.) The Annexa-

tion of the Carnatic, p. 216; (vi.) Subsidiary Alliance with the Nizam,

p. 220; (vii.) The Mahrattas: their Internal Discords, p. 223;

(viii.) The Treaty of Bassein, p. 226; (ix.) The Validity of the Treaty

of Bassein, p. 229; (x.) Threatening Combination of the Mahratta

Chiefs, p. 231; (xi.) Defence of Wellesley's Mahratta policy, p. 232;

(xii.) The Mahratta War and its Causes, p. 234; 83 Subsidiary Treaty

with Mysore, 1799, p. 237; 84 The Treaty of Bassein, p. 239; 85

The Justification of the Mahratta War (Speech of Wellesley),

p. 241; 86 Wellesley's Administrative Reforms (Wellesley to

Directors), p. 242.

CHAPTER VII

THE DOWNFALL OF THE MAHRATTAS: LORD MINTO

AND THE MARQUESS OF HASTINGS, 1807-1823 247-275

Introduction, p. 247; Documents: 87 The Company's Policy in

regard to Christian Missions (Directors to Madras), p. 251; 88

Minto's Criticism of the Missionaries (Minto to Chairman E.I.C.),

p. 251; 89 The French Danger and British Relations with the

North-western Powers (Minto to Directors), p. 252; 90 The Embassy

to Persia (Malcolm's Instructions), p. 253; 91 The Missions to

Afghanistan and the Sikhs (Minto to Board of Control), p. 254;

92 English Pride in the Government of India (Commons Committee

Report, 1812), p. 255; 93 The Pindaris (Sydenham), p. 256; 94