346 NEVER LET LEISURE PASS BY IN VAIN. exhibit the Act is void as against any or under any circumstances, to take any guest then staying at the inn. 2030. Innkeepers' Charges. Innkeepers are not bound by any universal scale of charges; and, as a general rule, there is no limit to the amount of charges which an innkeeper may legally enforce; consequently, when a person of limited means carelessly or designedly becomes a guest at an hotel which is designed for the resort of wealthy personages, the limited means must bear the consequences. 2031. Uniformity of Charges.In every case the innkeeper is entitled to charge what it is his custom to charge, and no more, and the obligation of each guest only extends to what is customarily charged to other guests. There is no right to charge any one guest more than other guests. 2032. Entitled to Remain.-A guest at an inn, being entitled to admission any time, is equally entitled to stay as long as he pleases, subject to his paying the innkeeper's charges, and reasonably conducting himself. He money or other property from the person or hand of a guest, unless the property be stolen. 2037. Personal Violence. Should any violence be used in order to detain a guest at an inn, or to procure from his person or hand any property really belonging to him, not only would the innkeeper be liable to an action, the person using the violence would be liable to conviction for assault. 2038. Stipulated Credit.-If an innkeeper has stipulated to give a guest credit, he has then no legal right either to detain his person or property. 2039. Seizure of Guest's Property. In the absence of any agreement for credit, an innkeeper is entitled at any time to seize and detain any property a guest may have brought upon the premises of the inn, which is not at the moment upon the guest's person or in the guest's hand, until the guest has paid the innkeeper's charges. Mean 2040. Power of Sale.- For six 2033. Entitled to Leave. has also the sole discretion of leaving detain the property until his claim is weeks the innkeeper is entitled to when he pleases, without notice or prearrangement of any kind, whether he satisfied, but not to dispose of it. At has paid his reckoning or not; for, the end of six weeks he is entitled to 2034. Personal Detention Ille- with the proceeds, if sufficient, the sell the property, and to pay himself gal. An innkeeper has no legal right balance (if any) being payable to the to detain the person of a guest under former owner of the property. any circumstances whatever; and while the innkeeper is entitled to com2035. Damages for Detention.-mence an action for recovery of payShould a guest be about to proceed to ment at any time, either for the orignal a railway station, to travel by a parti- amount, or for any balance when the cular train, and the innkeeper or his property has not yielded sufficient. servant should wilfully arrest or detain the guest by force against his person, on any pretence whatever, and the guest should consequently fail to reach the railway station in time for the appointed train, and should consequently suffer any considerable loss, the innkeeper would run some risk of losing an action for damages, whether the guest owed the amount of his bill or not. 2036. Personal Dispossession.An innkeeper has no right, at any time 2041. Recovery of Detained Luggage.-Should an innkeeper detain a guest's property, not in consequence of impecuniosity, but for refusal to pay extortionate charges, and should continue to detain it for an indefinite period, and the guest feels justified in still resisting the claim, he should enter an action of trover for recovery of the property, when the property must either be given up, or the disputed charge be justified on its merits. CIVILITY IS THE DISCRETION OF REASONABLE BEHAVIOUR. ACCIDENTS AND DISEASES: POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES, DOMESTIC MEDICINES, AND TREATMENT DURING ILLNESS. 2042. Popular Remedies, in cases of trifling or serious accident, are usually most willingly resorted to, because the easiest to apply. 2043. Nettle Stings.- Recovery will generally be promoted by applying a cold cabbage or dock leaf, and some people have considerable faith in rubbing with rosemary, mint, or sage. 2044. The Bites or Stings of Insects, such as gnats, bees, wasps, etc., are, generally speaking, easily cured. They are very serious, how ever, when they take place on some delicate part of the body, such as near the eye or in the throat. The treatment is very simple in most cases; and consists in taking out the sting, if it is left behind, with a needle, and apply. ing to the part a liniment made of finelyscraped chalk and olive-oil, mixed together to about the thickness of cream. 2045. To Remove a Bee Sting. -Pull the sting out at once with the fingers or a needle. Press a key tightly over the stung part; this forces the poison out; wipe the place, suck it, and then apply a blue-bag. Bathing the part bitten with warm turpentine or warm vinegar is also of great use. If the person feels faint, he should lie quietly on his back, and take a little brandy and water, or sal-volatile and water. 2046. Bites of Snakes. - The bites of the different kinds of snakes do not all act alike, but affect people in different ways. The great thing is to prevent the poison getting into the blood; and, if possible, to remove the whole of it at once from the body. A pocket-handkerchief, a piece of tape or cord, or, in fact, of anything that is at hand, should be tied tightly round the part of the body bitten; if it be the leg or arm, immediately above the bite, and between it and the heart. The bite should then be sucked several times by anyone who is near. There is no danger in this, provided the person does it has not got the skin taken off any part of his mouth. What has been sucked into the mouth should be imme who diately spit out again. But if those who are near have sufficient nerve for the operation, and a suitable instrument, they should cut out the central part bitten, and then bathe the wound for some time with warm water, to make it bleed freely. The wound should afterwards be rubbed with a stick of lunar caustic, or 60 grains of lunar caustic dissolved in an ounce of water should be dropped into it. The band should be kept on the part during the whole of the time that these means are being adopted. The wound should afterwards be covered with lint dipped in cold water. 2047. Mechanical Remedy. Take a common wine-glass, and, holding it upside down, put a lighted candle or a spirit-lamp into it for a minute or two. This will take out the air. Then clap the glass suddenly over the bitten part, and it will become attached, and PATIENCE IS A GREAT VIRTUE, BUT IDLENESS SHOULD NOT BE SUBSTITUTED 348 BAD HABITS ARE HARD TO ERADICATE. hold on to the flesh. The glass being nearly empty, the blood containing the poison will, in consequence, flow into it from the wound of its own accord. This process should be repeated three or four times, and the wound sucked, or washed with warm water, before each application of the glass. As a matter of course, when the glass is removed, all the blood should be washed out of it before it is applied again. 2048. Internal Treatment. There is mostly at first great depression of strength in these cases, and it is therefore requisite to give some stimulant; a glass of hot brandy and water, or twenty drops of sal-volatile, is the best that can be given. When the strength has returned, and if the patient has not already been sick, a little mustard in hot water should be given, to make him so. If, on the other hand, as is often the case, the vomiting is excessive, a large mustard poultice should be placed over the stomach, and a grain of solid opium swallowed in the form of a pill. In addition to these remedies, send for a surgeon as quickly as possible. 2049. Bites of Dogs.-The treatment is the same as that for snake-bites, more especially that of the bitten part. The majority of writers on the subject are in favour of keeping the wound open as long as possible. This may be done by putting a few beans on it, and then by applying a large linseed-meal poultice over them. 2050. Dislocation of Bones.— When the end of a bone is pushed out of its natural position, it is said to be dislocated. This may be caused by violence, disease, or natural weakness of the parts about a joint. So much practical science and tact are requisite in order to bring a dislocated bone into its proper position again, that we strongly advise the reader never to interfere in these cases; unless, indeed, it is altogether impossible to obtain the services of a surgeon. But because any one of us may very possibly be placed that in emergency, we give a few rough rules for the reader's guidance. In the first place make the joint, from which the bone has been displaced, perfectly steady, either by fixing it to some firm object or else by holding it with the hands; then pull the dislocated bone in a direction towards the place from which it has been thrust, so that, if it moves at all from its unnatural position, it may have the best chance of returning to its proper place. Do not, however, pull or press against the parts too violently, as you may, perhaps, by doing so, rupture blood-vessels, and produce most serious consequences. After a successful operation, apply a lotion of Goulard's extract, and two tablespoonfuls of vinegar, mixed in a pint of water. 2051. Fractures of Bones.-In cases where a surgeon cannot be procured immediately after the accident, the following general rules are offered for the reader's guidance :-The broken limb should be placed and kept as nearly as possible in its natural position. This is to be done by first pulling the two portions of the bone in opposite directions, until the limb becomes as long as the opposite one, and then by applying a splint, and binding it to the part by means of a roller. When there is no deformity, the pulling is of course unnecessary. If there is much swelling, a lotion made of a dessertspoonful of Goulard's extract and two tablespoonfuls of vinegar in a pint of water. Brandy and water, or sal-volatile and water, are to be given when the patient is faint. 2052. Injuries to Joints, of whatever description, require particular attention, in consequence of the violent inflammations which are so liable to take place in these parts of the body, and which do so much mischief in a little time. The joint injured should always be kept perfectly at rest; and when it is very painful, and the skin about it red, swollen, hot, and shining, at the same time that the patient has general feverish symptoms, such as great thirst and head-ache, for which give fever-mixture every four hours, and keep the patient on low diet. When FAST EATING IS A HABIT THAT NEEDS TO BE GUARDED AGAINST. LEARNING IS A PERSONAL SATISFACTION AS WELL AS A GAIN, 349 the injury and swelling are not very 2056. Severe Burns or Scalds. great, warm applications, with rest, low-Having, as carefully as possible, rediet, and a dose of aperient medicine will be sufficient. A universal rule, without a single exception, is always to rest a joint well after it has been injured in any way whatever. 2053. Bruises. Wherever the bruise may be, or however swollen or discoloured the skin may become, two or three applications of extract of lead, kept to the part by means of lint, will, in an hour or little more, remove all pain, swelling, and tenderness. Moist warmth is the best continuous treatment for promoting complete recovery. 2054. Cuts require the edges of the wound to be placed in their exact situation, drawn close together, and secured moved clothes (if any) from the burnt surface, and taking care not to break the blisters, spread the following liniment on a piece of linen or lint (not the fluffy side) and apply it to the part:-Equal parts of lime-water and linseed oil, well mixed. If the burn is on the trunk of the body, it is better to use a warm linseed-meal poultice. After a few days dress the wound with cerate. If the burn is at the bend of the elbow, place the arm in the straight position; for if it is bent, the skin, when healed, will be contracted, and the arm, in all probability, always remain in the same unnatural position. This applies to all joints. 2057. Extremely Severe Cases. there by one or two slips of adhesive-It is almost impossible for a nonplaster. When the wound, however, is jagged, or the flesh or cuticle lacerated, the parts are to be laid as smooth and regular as possible, and a piece of lint, wetted with extract of lead, laid upon the wound, and a piece of greased lint placed above it to prevent the dressing sticking; the whole covered over to protect from injury, and the part dressed in the same manner once a day till the healing is effected. 2055. Burns and Scalds being essentially the same in all particulars, and differing only in the manner of their production, may be spoken of to gether. As a general rule, scalds are less severe than burns, because the heat of water, by which scalds are mostly produced, is not, even when it is boiling, so intense as that of flame; oil, however, and other liquids, whose boiling point is high, produce scalds of a very severe nature. Whatever the character of the wound may be, the first thing is to cover it with a good coating of common flour, or, better still, with finely-powdered whiting, or cotton-wool with flour well dredged into it. The great thing is to keep the affected surface of the skin from contact with the air. Opening medicine is generally considered essential to quick recovery. professional person to be of much service in attending to them. When they occur, a surgeon should always be sent for. Until he arrives, place the patient full length on his back, and tions of flannels wrung out of boilkeep him warm. Apply fomentaing water and sprinkled with spirits volatile in such quantities as the prosof turpentine, and give wine and saltration of strength requires; always bearing in mind the great fact that you have to steer between two quicksands— death from present prostration and death from future excitement. 2058. Concussion of BrainStunning. This may be caused by a blow or a fall. Place the patient quietly on a warm bed, send for a surgeon, and do nothing else for the first four or six hours. After this time the skin will become hot, the pulse full, and the patient feverish altogether. If the surgeon has not arrived by the time these symptoms have set in, shave the patient's head, and apply a lotion made of half an ounce of sal-ammoniac, two tablespoonsful of vinegar, and the same quantity of gin or whisky, in half a pint of water. Opening medicine is also recommended. AS AN ACORN MAY BECOME AN OAK, SO A STUDENT MAY BECOME A PROFESSOR. 350 AN EMPTY HEAD IS APT TO BE FULL OF FOLLY. to be neglected, but should be covered and protected, and kept clean and dry until they have completely healed. If there is the least appearance of inflammation, no time should be lost in applying a bread-and-water poultice, or hot flannels repeatedly applied. 2062. Medicinal Drugs. The drugs ordinarily resorted to for domestic medicines are few, generally familiar, and easily obtainable, so that there need be no difficulty on that score; but the question of quality is not so easy to determine. Since the passing of the Adulteration Act, it has been seriously illegal to substitute one thing for another, and so far the Act is a considerable check upon fraud; but there are various qualities of the same things, and such variable qualities affect the potency and value of drugs more than anything else, and the Act cannot reach the substitution of an inferior article for a superior one of the same nominal description. 2063. Choice of Druggists.The ability and integrity of druggists (now more generally known as chemists) varies more than in any other occupation 2060. Sprains.-A sprain is a stretching of the leaders or ligaments of a part through some violence, such as slipping, falling on the hands, pulling a limb, etc., etc. The most common are those of the ankle and wrist. These accidents are more serious than people generally suppose, and often more difficult to cure than a broken leg or arm. The first thing to be done is to place the sprained part in a straight position, and to raise it a little as well. Some recommend the application of cold lotions at first, but warm applications are, in most cases, the best for the first three or four days. Dip a good-sized piece of flannel into a pail or basin full of hot water or hot poppy fomentation-six poppy heads boiled in one quart of water for about a quarter of an hour; wring it almost dry, and apply it, as hot as the patient can bear, right round the sprained part. Then place another piece of flannel, quite dry, over it, in their business with the most scrupulous order that the steam and warmth may regard to the welfare of their customers, not escape. Continue that treatment and are consequently very particular three or four days; then a cold about the quality of what they buy and lotion composed of a tablespoonful of sal-ammoniac to a quart of water, or sell, others are obviously indifferent vinegar-and-water, should be constantly occupation as a mere means of living in upon those points, and regard their applied. This lotion will strengthen the best way they can. the part, and also help in taking away Consequently, a drug bought at one shop, of the any thickening that may have formed about the joint. In the course of two same name, apparently of the same or three weeks, according to circum-quality, and sold at precisely the same stances, the joint is to be rubbed twice price as that bought at another shop, a day with flannel dipped in opodel- the extent of a pound at one shop being may be really of far inferior value, to doc. A flannel bandage as tight as comfort will permit, should be worn. Cooling medicine is recommended in severe cases, and the nearest possible approach to perfect rest in all. Neglect of such cases may render them life-long injuries. 2061. The Ballet Girls' Cure for sprained or strained ankles.-Plunge the foot affected into hot water at once, of life. While some of them conduct of less value than an ounce at another. Unfortunately, what is called the terion, showiness being often a mere "respectability" of a shop is no crimask to chemical inferiority, while the reverse of showiness is no recommendation either, being often evidence of the worst form of indifference. Nothing but experience and observation can determine which shop to go to, it being DERISION OF INFIRMITY IS A DETESTABLE VICE. |