"engrafting,” for the small pox was tried on several condemned criminals with success. It was introduced from Constantinople by the celebrated Lady Wortley Montague, who, it appears from her " 'Letters," had her own son inoculated in that capital May 23, 1718. Sept. 1. Mathew Prior, the distinguished poet, died. 1722, June 16. The great Duke of Marlborough died, aged 73. 1723, Feb. 25. Sir Christopher Wren died, in the 91st year of his age. 1727. SIR ISAAC NEWTON DIED IN THE EIGHTYFIFTH YEAR OF HIS AGE. 10th June. The king died. London was greatly enlarged during this reign, almost all the streets north of Oxford-street, as far as it at that time extended; namely, to Marylebone, being then in progress, as also Berkeley-square.

REIGN OF GEORGE II.

FROM 1727 TO 1760-33 YEARS, 4 MONTHS, 14 DAYS.

LANDING OF CHARLES EDWARD.

The hopes of the Jacobites having gained strength from the disaster of Fontenoy, it was determined, while the country was still smarting under the disgrace of defeat, to make a bold push to re-instate the Stuarts. The old pretender, the "Cavalier,' as he was called, being considered, from his age and infirmities, incapable of leading the expedition in person, the command was entrusted to his son, the Prince Charles Edward, then in his twentysixth year. Undismayed by the dangers of the attempt, and in opposition to the urgent entreaties of the more cautious and wise partizans of his house, who pointed out the rashness and folly of the enterprise, he crossed the sea, and landed, with a very small escort, on the main land of Scotland, in Borrodaile, in Invernessshire, on the 25th of July, 1745, where he was joined by a few influential chiefs; but the main body of the clans kept aloof, which, even at that early stage of his unfortunate career, struck his heart with fears of his success. Still he prudently endeavoured to shake off the dark foreboding, and strenuously applied himself to gain popularity, a task for which he was pre-eminently qualified by his accomplishments, handsome person, and insinuating address. He adopted the Highland costume, learnt familiar sentences in Gaelic, which he addressed to the wild clansmen while sharing their athletic sports, in all of which he was a proficient, till, at length, so complete was the hold he had gained on their affection, that "Bonnie Prince Charlie" became their idol, and the righting his cause the sole object of their lives. Indeed, so great was his power of persuasion, that many of the chiefs, who at first were but coldly inclined towards him, fascinated by the brilliancy of his conversation, his courtly manners, and energetic appeals to their

loyalty and good feeling, left his presence the warmest and most devoted of his supporters.* Kings of England, p. 210.

RAISING THE STANDARD.

The memorable ceremony of "raising the standard,” accompanied by the gathering of the clans, took place on the 19th of August, 1745, in the vale of Glenfinnan, situated about forty miles south west of Fort Augustus. The spot was a romantic and desolate one, being a narrow and sequestered valley, overhung on each side by high and craggy mountains, between which the small river Finnan pursued its quiet course towards the sea. To this spot Charles, having disembarked at the further extremity of Loch Shiel, proceeded under the escort of two companies of the Macdonalds. He had anticipated, it is said, beholding the valley alive with armed men, and with floating tartans; but when he entered the desolate ravine it extended before him in its accustomed stillness and solitude, and, for the first time since he had quitted France, the adventurer appears to have felt himself thoroughly dispirited and forlorn. Having entered one of the rude huts of the friendly inhabitants of the valley, the prince was condemned to endure two long hours of feverish suspense. At length, however, the scene changed. Suddenly the thrilling sounds of the pibroch were heard in the distance, and presently a body of 700 Highlanders were seen rapidly descending the mountain paths. As the latter caught a glimpse of the prince and his followers, the air resounded with their enthu

* His triumph over the scruples of the gallant Lochiel may be cited as an example of his extraordinary power over the human heart. On his road to Borrodaile to expostulate with the prince, and point out to him the hopelessness of the undertaking, the chieftain stopped to pay a passing visit to his brother Cameron, of Fassefern. The younger brother, but too well aware of the ardent temperament of Lochiel's character, strongly urged him on no account to expose himself to the fascinations of a personal interview with the young prince, but by all means to communicate his arguments by letter. "I know you," said Fassefern, "better than you know yourself; if this prince once sets eyes upon you he will make you do whatever he pleases." Lochiel, however, persisted in his original intention of waiting on the prince in person; and the result of their interview was exactly such as had been anticipated by Fassefern. For a considerable time, indeed, Lochiel stood firm against the entreaties and arguments of Charles, till the latter, in a moment of great excitement, and by the exercise of that happy combination of language and manner, that irresistable appeal to the generous feelings of his listeners, which had already scattered to the winds the pre-determined caution and circumspection of more than one of his present followers, at length decided the fate of Lochiel. "In a few days," he said, "with the few friends I have, I will raise the royal standard, and proclaim to the people of Britain that Charles Stuart is come over to claim the crown of his ancestors-to win it or perish in the attempt. Lochiel, who my father has often told me was our firmest friend, may stay at home, and learn from the newspapers the fate of his prince." "No," said Lochiel, who caught the enthusiasm of the moment; "I will share the fate of my prince, and so shall every inan over whom nature or fortune has given me power." On the result of this important conference depended, according to Home, the great question of peace or war; for had Lochiel remained firm in his determination to resist the prince's eloquence, it was the general opinion in the highlands that no other chieftain would have joined the standard of the adventurer and that the spark of rebellion must inevitably have been extinguished in the north.

siastic shouts, and louder and more joyous rose the heart-stirring notes of their national music. Well, indeed, might Charles have been proud of the band of few but daring and devoted followers by whom he was now surrounded; and grateful also might he well be for their ardent and disinterested attachment. He had come among them an exile and a proscribed man; and he, who but a short time since, had been doomed to encounter but the cold looks and unmeaning professions of luke-warm friends and calculating politicians in the glittering saloons of Paris, now found himself enabled, as if by the wand of the magician, to people the wild valleys of the north with spirits as brave and devoted as ever fought on behalf of the wildest dreams of freedom, or in the cause of legitimate right. Perhaps, indeed, in no country, and in no age-not excepting even the glorious struggles for freedom which have rendered illustrious the wild fastnesses of the Tyrol, nor the contests on behalf of legitimate right which inflamed the inhabitants of La Vendée-was there ever exhibited such romantic devotedness, such a thorough abandonment of selfish views and interests, as that which prompted the rising of the hardy Highlanders of 1745, in the cause of the exiled and unfortunate Stuarts. That among the Highland chieftains there were a few individuals who joined the standard of the Stuarts solely from motives of self interest, and who played the desperate game of throwing for a coronet or a coffin, there unfortunately can be but little question. But such were far from being the motives which actuated the majority of those unfortunate gentlemen who now hastened to join the standard of Charles Edward. Generally speaking this gallant body was comprised of individuals whose feelings of pure and devotional loyalty partook but too closely of the character of romance; who generously discarded every dictate prompted by self-interest in supporting what they sincerely believed to be the cause of religion and of right; who conscientiously regarded the reigning sovereign in the light of an alien and an usurper; and who hastened as to a bridal, to greet the young representative of their ancient and legitimate kings. "The Scots," says Lord Mahon, "have often been reproached with a spirit of sordid gain. The truth is merely-and should it not be a matter of praise?-that by their intelligence, their industry, their superior education, they will always, in whatever country, be singled out for employment, and rise high in the social scale. But when a contest lies between selfish security or advancement on one side, and generous impulse or deeprooted conviction on the other; when danger and conscience beckon onward, and prudence alone calls back; let history declare whether in any age or in any cause, as followers of Knox or of Montrose, as Cameronians or as Jacobites, the men-aye, and the women-of Scotland have quailed from any degree of sacrifice and suffering! The very fact that Charles came helpless obtained him the help of many. They believed him their rightful prince, and the more destitute that prince, the more they were