ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. CAT`-TA-RAU/-GUS, a co. in the S. W. part of N. Y., bordering on Pa. Pop. 38,950. Co. t. Ellicottsville.

ĈA-TAW/-BẠ, a r. which rises in N. C., and flowing into S. C,, takes the name of Wateree, and joins the Congaree to form the Santee. CATAWBA, a co. in the W. part of N. Č., on the above river. p. 8,862. CATHAY. See CHINA.

CAT-MAN-DOO or KATMANDOO, the cap. of the kingdom of Nepaul, in Northern Hindostan. It stands at an elevation of 4,784 ft. above the level of the sea. Lat. 27° 42′ N., Lon. about 85° E. Pop. estimated

at 20,000. (P. C.)

CATS/-KILL, the cap. of Green co., N. Y., situated on the W. side of the Hudson, 34 m. below Albany, on a creek of the same name. Pop. of the township, 5,454. The inhabitants of the village of Catskill may perhaps amount to half this number.

CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, a branch of the great chain of the Alleghanies, situated in the E. part of N. Y., W. of the Hudson. The highest summit, Round Top, is about 3,800 ft. above the level of the sea.

CAT-TE-GAT` or KATTEGAT, a large gulf which separates Denmark from Sweden on the north. This name is of Dutch origin, and signifies "cat's hole."

CAU/-CAS-US, (Gr. Kavxaoo5,) an extensive mountain system, between the Black and Caspian Seas. The general direction of the range is from W. N. W. to S. S. E. The highest summit, Elbrooz, is 2,800 toises, or about 17,908 English ft. above the level of the sea.-Adj. CAUCASIAN, kau-ka/-she-an or kau-ka/-shun.

CAUBUL. See CABOOL.

CAVA, kål-vå, a t. of Naples, 5 m. N. W. of Salerno. Pop. estimated at 19,000. (B.) Near it is the celebrated Benedictine Convent of La Trinità, with a fine library.

CAV-AN, an inland co. of Ireland, in the prov. of Ulster. Pop. in 1831, 228,040. (P. C.)

CAVERY, sometimes written, and always to be pronounced CAU/-VER-Y, a r. in the S. of Hindostan, which rises among the Western Ghauts, and, flowing S. easterly, empties itself into the Bay of Bengal, by several mouths, near Tranquebar. Its whole course is about 450 m. CAX-A-MAR/-CA, kåн-нå-mar/-kå, a t. of Peru, at the height of 9,363 ft. above the level of the sea. Lat. about 7° 9′ S., Lon. 78° 35′ W. Pop.

estimated at 7,000. (B.)

CAXIAS OF CACHIAS, kå-shee/-ås, a t. of Brazil, in Maranham. 4° 52′ S., Lon. 43° 25′ W.

Lat.

CAXOEIRA OF CACHOEIRA, kå-sho-à/e-rå, a t. of Brazil, 60 m. N. W. of Bahia, with a flourishing inland trade. Pop. estimated at 16,000. (B.) CAYENNE, ki-enn', an island, river, and town of S. America, in French Guiana. The town is situated on the i., in Lat. 4° 56' N., Lon. 52° 15′ W. Pop. about 2,000. (P. C.)

CAY-U-GA, a co. in the western part of N. Y., bordering on the Cayuga Lake and L. Ontario. Pop. 55,458. Co. t. Auburn.

CAYUGA LAKE, Situated in the W. central part of N. Y., is about 38 m.

Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pin; nổ, nôt; õŏ as in good; long, and from 1 to 4 broad. Near its N. extremity it is crossed by a bridge, more than a mile in length. In the summer season, steamboats ply constantly between this bridge and the town of Ithaca, at the S. end of the lake.

CAZ-EN-O-VI-A, a village of Madison co., N. Y., 40 m. W. of Utica. Pop. of the township, in 1840 4,153.

CECIL, SIS/-sil, a co. forming the N. E. extremity of Md. Pop. 18,939. Co. t. Elkton.

CE-DAR, a co. in the E. part of Iowa, intersected by Red Cedar r. Pop. 3,941.

CEFALU, chef-å-loo', a seaport t. of Sicily, on the N. coast. Lat. 38° N., Lon. 14° 5′ E. Pop. about 9,000. (B.)

CEL/-E-BES, a large i., of singular shape, in the eastern seas, between 2° N., and 6° S. Lat., and 119° and 125° E. Lon. Its extreme length, from N. to S., is near 500 m. Celebes is divided into a number of small independent states. The inhabitants are included in the great Malay race, though the different nations exhibit great diversity in character and language. The Bugis (bool-ghees) are the most numerous and powerful in the i., and are the most commercial people in all Oceanica. They have the character of being very fair dealers, and are said to possess a high degree of enterprise and intelligence. The Dutch have an extensive establishment, which they call the government of Macassar, on the S. W. coast of Celebes; and their influence extends to a great part of the island.

CELLE OF ZELLE, tsel-leh, a t. of Germany, in Hanover, situated near the Aller. Lat. 52° 37′ N., Lon. 10° 3′ E. Pop. 10,000. (B.) CENTRAL AMERICA comprehends the countries which, under the dominion of Spain, were known by the name of the kingdom of Guatemala. It forms the central portion of the long isthmus which unites N. and S. America, and extends from about 8° to 17° 30′ N. Lat., and from 82° to 94° W. Lon. Its length is estimated at 1,000 m.; its breadth varies from 100 to 300 m. Area estimated at 185,000 sq. m. Pop. 1,650,000. (B.) It is bounded on the N. by the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Chiapa, and Yucatan, and by the Caribbean Sea, E. by this sea and the territory of New Granada, and S. and S. W. by the Pacific Ocean. Exclusive of British Honduras, Central America forms a republic, divided into six sections, as follows:

The Federal District,

The state of Guatemala,

Capital, New Guatemala.

Salvador,

"Honduras,

"Nicaragua,
"Costa Rica,

San Jose de Costa Rica. The capital of the Federal District is also the seat of the general government.

CENTRE, a co. Occupying the central part of Pa. Pop. 23,355. Co. t. Bellefonte.

CEPH-A-LO-NI-A (It. pron. chêf-å-lon/-e-å, Mod. Gr. Kapahovía, kef-å

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

lo-nee/-å, Anc. Gr. Kɛpaλλnvia, Lat. Cephalle'nia), the largest of the Ionian Islands, situated near the W. coast of Greece, between 38° 4' and 38° 29′ N. Lat., and 20° 20′ and 20° 47′ E. Lon. Length, from N.N.W. to S. S. E., 31 m. Area about 348 sq. m. Pop. in 1833, 56,447. (P. C.) —Adj. and inhab. CEPH-A-LO/-NI-ẠN.

CE-RAM/ (Port. pron. så-roung) or SER-ANG!, after Gilolo, the largest of the Molucca Islands, situated between 2° 50′ and 4° S. Lat., and 127° 50′ and 131° 10′ E. Lon. Its length is 185 m.; its average breadth about 30 m.

CERIGO, cher/-e-go, (the ancient Cythe/ra; Gr. Kvenpa,) one of the Ionian Islands, lying S. of the Morea, 25 m. E. of Cape Matapan. Length about 20 m.; greatest breadth about 10 m.

CERVERA, Ser-và/-rå, a t. of Spain, in Catalonia, 38 m. N. by E. of Tarragona, with a university. Pop. 6,000. (M.)

CERVIA, ChER/-ve-å, a t. of Italy, in the Papal State, on the Adriatic, about 12 m. S. E. of Ravenna. Pop. estimated at 4,000. (B.)

CESENA, chà-sa/-nå, a t. of Italy, in the Papal State, 34 m. N. N. W. of Urbino. Pop. estimated at 12,000. (B.)

CÉVENNES, så-venn', (Anc. Ceven/na or Ceben/na,) a chain of mountains in the S. of France, in the deps. of Lozère, Gard, Upper Loire, and Ardèche.

CEYLON, sil-one or see/-lon, (called by the natives Sin-ghål-lå; by the Portuguese CEILÃO, såë-loung/, of which the English name Ceylon is a corruption: Anc. Taprobăne,) a large island on the coast of Hindostan, belonging to Great Britain, between 5° 54′ and 9° 50′ N. Lat., and 79° 50′ and 82° E. Lon. It is separated, on the N. W., from the continent of India by the Gulf of Manaar. Its length is about 270 m.; its greatest breadth 145 m. Area 24,664 sq. m. The vegeta ble and animal productions of Ceylon, for the most part, resemble those of the neighbouring continent. This island contains numerous useful minerals and valuable gems. Iron is generally diffused. Plumbago abounds, and is exported in considerable quantities. The inhabitants of Ceylon are composed of the Singhalese, the original possessors of the island, the Malabars, who came as invaders from the opposite coast, the Mahometans or Moors, and a small proportion of Europeans and other foreigners. The pop., according to the census of 1833, was 1,126,808. (P. C.) Colombo is the capital.—Adj. and inhab. ̧SIN'GHA-LESE OF CINGALESE, and CEYLONESE, sil`-o-nezel. The former is more properly applied to the primitive inhabitants, and to that portion of the island which is at present occupied by them; the latter to the inhabitants and the island, in general.

CHALONS-SUR-MARNE, shâ`-lon/ SÜR maRn, (Anc. Catalau/ni and Durocatalau'ni,) a t. of France; cap. of the dep. of Marne, on the river Marne, about 90 m. E. of Paris. Lat. 48° 57' N., Lon. 4° 22′ E. Pop. 12,930. (B.)

CHÂLONS-SUR-SAÔNE, shâ`-lon! SÜR sône, a t. of France, in the dep. of Saône and Loire, on the Saône, at the termination of the Central Canal (canal du Centre). It is the most commercial and populous

Fate, far, fåll, fất; mẻ, mét; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nắt; oõ as in good,

place in the department. Lat. 46° 46′ N., Lon. 4° 52′ E. Pop. 12,000. (B.)

CHAMBERS, chamel-berz, a co. in the E. part of Ala., bordering on the Chattahoochee r. Pop. 23,960. Co. t. La Fayette.

CHAMBERSBURG, chame/-berz-burg, a thriving t. of Pa.; cap. of Franklin co., 46 m. S. W. of Harrisburg. Pop. 4,270.

CHAMBÉRY, sham/-bẻr-re, or shẩm`-bà`-re', an archiepiscopal town, the most important in all Savoy, and the cap. of Savoy proper, is situ ated about 12 m. from the left bank of the Rhone. Among its public institutions we may mention the Royal College, and the Academy of Sciences, called the Academy of Savoy. Lat. 45° 39′ N., Lon. 5° 53' E. Pop. about 11,000. (P. C.)

CHAMBLY, sham/-ble, or SO-RELLE', a r. of Lower Canada, which forms the outlet of L. Champlain. Length above 80 m. It is navigable for river barges through its whole course.

CHAMOUNY, Shal-moo-ne', sometimes written Chamonix, (Fr. pron. shâ`-moo`-ne',) a celebrated and romantic valley of Savoy, situated at the foot of Mont Blanc, and containing a village of the same name. Lat. 45° 56′ N., Lon. 6° 47′ E.

CHAMPAGNE, shảм`-påñ', a former prov. of France, now divided into the deps. of Aisne, Ardennes, Aube, Marne, Upper Marne, and Yonne. CHAMPAIGN, sham-panel, a co. in the W. central part of Ohio. Pop. 19,762. Co. t. Urbana.

CHAMPAIGN, a co. in the E. part of Ill., on the sources of the Kaskaskia r. Pop. 2,649. Co. t. Urbana.

CHAMPLAIN, sham`-plane', a lake of the U. S., lying between New York and Vermont. Length 128 m.; greatest breadth about 20 m. The superficial extent is between 600 and 700 sq. m. Its outlet is the CHANDELEUR (shan'-del-oor/) ISLANDS are situated off the S. E. coast of La., and separated from the main land by Chandeleur Bay.

Chambly r.

CHANTILLY, shản`-teel`-ye' or shản`-te`-ye' (see Int. XIX., 18), a small t. of France, in the dep. of Oise, 23 m. N. of Paris.

CHAP-EL HILL, a t. of N. C., in Orange co., 27 m. W. N. W. of Raleigh, the seat of the University of North Carolina, founded in 1789. CHARENTE, shå`-Rånt', a r. in the S. W. of France, which flows into the Bay of Biscay, opposite the i. Oléron. Its whole length is 184 m. CHARENTE, a dep. of France, intersected by the above r. Pop. 365,126. (B.) Capital, Angoulême.

CHARENTE, LOWER (Fr.Charente-Inférieure,shå`-rånt' ân`-fà`-re-UR'), a dep. of France, adjoining the above, and bordering on the Bay of Biscay. Pop. 449,649. (B.) Capital, La Rochelle.

CHARITON, châr/-re-ton, a co. in the N. part of Mo., bordering on the r. Missouri. Pop. 7,514. Co. t. Keytesville, keets/-vill.

CHARLES, a co. in the S. W. part of Md., bordering on the Potomac Pop. 16,162. Co. t. Port Tobacco.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; Tн, as in this; N, nearly like ng. CHARLES CITY, a co. in the E. part of Va., N. of, and bordering on James r. Pop. 5,200. Seat of justice, Charles City c. h.

CHARLES RIVER, in Mass., flows into Boston harbour.

CHARLES, ST., a parish in the S. E. part of La., W. of New Orleans, and bordering on L. Pontchartrain. Pop. 5,120.

CHARLES, ST., a co. in the E. part of Mo., on the N. side of the Mis souri r., at its mouth. Pop. 11,454. Co. t. St. Charles.

CHARLES-TON, a dist. of S. C., S. of the Santee r., bordering on the sea. Pop. 72,805.

CHARLESTON, a port of entry, and the largest city of S. C.; cap. of the above dist., on a tongue of land between the rivers Ashley and Cooper, which unite immediately below the town, and form a spacious harbour, communicating with the ocean at Sullivan's Island, 7 m. below. The town is regularly built, and many of the streets present a handsome appearance. Charleston is connected with Hamburg, on the Savannah, by a railroad, 135 m. in length. Among the numerous charitable establishments of Charleston, may be cited the Orphan Asylum, which is amply endowed, and is one of the most remarkable buildings in the place. Of the literary institutions, we may mention the Charleston College, founded in 1795, and the Charleston Library, which contains about 20,000 vols. The citizens of Charleston are distinguished for their hospitality and refinement, and perhaps no place in the United States affords more agreeable society. In winter this city is particularly pleasant as a residence, and is much resorted to by persons from other parts of the Union. Lat. 32° 46′ N., Lon. 79° 57' W. Pop. 42,985.

CHARLESTOWN, a t. of Middlesex co., Mass., near Boston, with which it is connected by three bridges. It may not improperly be regarded as a suburb of that city. Pop. 17,216. Here is a U. S. navy yard.

CHARLEVILLE, sharl`-vil', a t. of France, in the dep. of Ardennes, in the immediate vicinity of Mézières. Pop. in 1832, 7,400. (P. C.) CHARLEVOIX, shar'-le-voi', (Kishkawkee,) a co. of Mich., bordering on L. Michigan, near its N. extremity.

CHARLOTTE, shar/-lọt, a co. in S. part of Va., bordering on Staunton r Pop. 13,955. Seat of justice, Charlotte c. h.

CHARLOTTESVILLE, shar/-lots-vil, a t. of Va.; the cap. of Albemarle co., and the seat of the University of Virginia, founded in 1819. This institution was planned by Jefferson, and is munificently endowed by the state. Distant 86 m. W. N. W. of Richmond.

CHARTRES, ShaRtr, (Lat. Au/tricum,) an ancient city of France, the cap. of the dep. of Eure and Loire, situated on the Eure, 46 m. S. W. by W. of Paris. Its cathedral is the largest in France, and one of the most magnificent gothic edifices in Europe. The spire rises to the height of 378 French ft., or 402 English ft. from the ground. Lat. 48' 27′ N., Lon. 1° 29′ E. Pop. 14,000. (B.)

CHA-TAU/-QUE, a co. on L. Erie, forming the S. W. extremity of N Y. Pop. 47,975 Co. t. Mayville.