to construct new pillars more solid than the former, and closer to one another (p. 11 of this volume). The beautiful giratory lighthouse (fanal giratorio de la Vera Cruz), of which I spoke in the twelfth chapter (p. 83 of this volume), was completed in the month of May, 1804. It will require nearly 3000 piastres annually to keep it up. (See Correo mercantil de la Vera Cruz, 1804, Nos. 65 and 66). What is said concerning the hospitals in the Balanzas del comercio de Nueva España, for 1804, 1805, and 1806, confirms what I have already said (p. 182 and 195 of this volume), on the mortality of Vera Cuz. In 1804 there entered the hospitals of that town 6075 patients, of whom 919 died. The hospital of Saint Sebastian received during the same year, 861 patients of vomito negro, of whom 232 were cured. Among the 127 who died, there were at least 40 who expired a few hours after being carried to the hospital. Frictions of oil of olives, were very successfully employed in the royal hospital. In the year 1805, the epidemic of the vomito almost entirely ceased towards the end of the month of June; and in 1806, of 8600 patients received into the different hospitals, only 27 were attacked with the yellow fever, although the season was extraordinarily rainy (p. 197 of this volume).

State of the Hospitals of Vera Cruz, in 1806.

At Mexico, in 1805, there entered the 12 hospitals, 18,398 patients, whereof 1,773 died. The mortality was then 9 per cent. At la Puebla, it was 15; for of 6,566 patients who entered, in 1806, the hospital of San Pedro, 1,032 died.

The total number of deaths at Vera Cruz, including the hospitals, in 1806, was 663. Now according to the calculation of M. Don Jose Maria Quiros, the population of the town at that period was composed of 35,510 souls; viz. habitual population 20,000; sailors and seafaring people 3,640; muleteers necessary to take care of 49,139 mules, and other beasts of burden, for the carrying of goods from Perote and Orizaba, to Vera Cruz, 7,370; strangers, travellers, and militia, 4,500 individuals. Hence the average mortality, at a period when the epidemic of the vomito did not prevail, was only 1 per cent. In 1805, it amounted to 2, per cent, the number of deaths being 1,049, and the total population 36,230 souls. It is

true this population contained at most 5000 children, from one to ten years of age, and that the mortality is every where less considerable, where the majority of the inhabitants are young and robust men, accustomed to fatigue, and change of climate. However all these calculations and considerations which we have been stating, sufficiently prove that in years when the yellow fever does not commit its ravages, the port of Vera Cruz is not more pernicious to health, than the greater number of maritime towns situated under the torrid

zone.

INDEX.

*THE large Roman numerals refer to the volumes; the small Roman numerals to the pages of the Geographical Introduction in the first volume; the Arabic numerals to the remaining pages of the work; and the asterisks and other marks between two parentheses indicate the

notes.

Abad (Don Manuel) Great vicar of the Archbishoprick of Mechoacan Information furnished by him to the author, I, lxxxviii. II, 464- His zeal for the introduction of inoculation, I, 112-His observations respecting the Volcan de Colima, II, 228.

Abincopa (Gonzalo) discovered the

Huancavelica, III, 310.

mercury mine of

Abra de San Nicolas, a cut made in a mountain to improve the climate of Acapulco, IV, 145.

Academia de los nobles artes de Mexico, its influence on

the taste of the nation, I, 212-Its palace, II, 51. Acapulco Town and Port-Its geographical position, I, xxxiv-Its population, II, 187—Description of the Port IV, 56-Its commerce with Guayaquil and Lima, IV, 63-Obstacles to it from the dangers of navigation, IV, 64-Commerce with Manilla, IV, 71-Climate of this Port, and causes of its being free from the yellow fever, IV, 144.

Acatl (First) To what year that period corresponds, II,

18. (*)

Acazonica, Farm of the Jesuits, II, 264.
Acha (Sierra de la) II, 285.

Acoclames, Indian savages, II, 285.

Acolhues, arrival of this people in Mexico, I, 133.

Acordada, edifice of Mexico, II, 145.

Acosta, the amount, according to this author, of the fifth paid to the king, from the produce of the mines of Potosi, III, 370.

Acuña, (Juan de) Marquis de Casa Fuerte, the only viceroy of Mexico born in America, II, 104. (†)

Administration (public), expence which it occasions, IV, 230,

231.

Aerolites, masses of malleable iron, which appear to be Aerolites, III, 292-See Meteoric iron.

Agave, see Maguey.

Agriculture, its state in New Spain, II, 399-Influence of the mines on its prosperity, II, 405-Annual amount of its produce, III, 2-Obstacles to its improvement, III, 101-See also Plants and Vegetables.

Aguasarco, mountain, II, 213.

Aguas calientes, town, II, 231.

Aguirre (Don Guillermo) member of the audience of Mexico, gave the author the Manuscript Journal of Crespi and La Peña the companions of Perez, II, 363.

Ahahuete, (Cupressus disticha) celebrated for its size, II, 42, 196.

Ahuitzotl, king of Mexico, constructs the great Teocalli of Tenochtitlan, II, 19-His imprudence occasions an inundation, II, 118.

Alamos, (los) town, II, 306.

Alatlauquitepec, mines, II, 203..

Albaradon de San Lazaro, constructed by Velasco I. viceroy of Mexico, II, 317.

Alcavalas, indirect impost-The Indians freed from it, I, 186-In what it consists, IV, 93.-Its annual produce, IV, 211.