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retard the prosperity of Madison until 1847, since which time it has gradually and healthfully increased in growth, wealth, and population. Several rail roads are in progress of construction to this place, one at least of which will be completed during the present year, and the others soon after. From its location in the centre of a large agricultural district, having no important rival within a circle of forty miles, and being the permanent Capital of the State, and the seat of the richly endowed University, Madison has special advantages that cannot fail to make it a commanding business point, and a large and flourishing town. To the man of business, the merchant and manufacturer, there are offered great inducements to settle in this thriving and rapidly increasing community. The retired merchant-the student-the lover of the picturesque seeking a healthy and pleasant location for a home, is presented the refreshing breezes and pure air of the lakes-the beautiful scenery, unrivalled in any country-the quiet of a country residence, united with the social advantages and the excitements of a city, while the great abundance of game in the prairies and openings, and the variety of fish in the lakes and streams, afford a relaxation to all in pursuit of health or pleasure. As the Capital of the State, the shire town of the county, it becomes the great centre of public business, calling together, at frequent intervals, people from all parts of the State and county, at the annual meetings of the legislature, at the session of the courts, the convocations of political conventions, and the sessions of the different benevolent societies of the day. The present population of Madison is about 3,500, with 700 dwellings, 26 stores, 15 groceries, 11 taverns, 2 large printing offices, and a book bindery; a grist mill, with eight run of stone, 3 saw mills, an iron foundery, a woollen factory, an oil mill, 2 steam planing mills, a hominy mill propelled by steam; a bank, the first organized in the State; three churches, with three others to be built during the present season; and mechanical shops of all kinds.

MADORA, V., on section 11, town 10 N., of range 7 E., being in town of Lodi, county of Columbia. It lies on the Wisconsin river, at the mouth of Spring Creek; contains 1 hotel, 1 warehouse, 2 saw mills, and 2 flouring mills in contemplation. The water power is a superior one. MAGNOLIA, Town, in county of Rock, being town 3 N., of range 10 E.; centrally located, 15 miles west from Janesville. It is settled by New-Yorkers. The population in 1850 was 1,871. It has 7 school districts, and 7 well-finished frame and stone school houses, a good water power, 6 feet head, with 1 grist and 1 saw mill. The face of the country is generally undulating, with burr oak openings and prairie advantageously mixed. It is well watered by springs of the best and purest quality. The soil is a sandy loam, on a subsoil of yellow clay, and is excellent grass land. Large quantities of grass seed, of a superior quality, is annually produced and shipped East. The town boasts of having some of the best improved stock farms in the State.

MAGNOLIA, P. V., in town of same name, Rock county, being on sections 22 and 23, town 3 N., of range 10 E. It has 15 dwellings, 1 tavern, 1 store, 4 mechanics' shops, 1 church, and 1 stone school house.

MAIDEN'S Rock, on east bank of Lake Pepin, in Chippewa county, on section 2, town 23 N., of range 16 W.

MAKWA, Lake, the most northern lake on Red Cedar river. MANCHESTER, Town, in county of Calumet. It has 4 school districts.

MANIDOWISH, Lakes, are a chain of lakes in north part of Marathon county, tributary to the Chippewa river, through river of

same name.

MANIDOWISH, (MANTTOISH OF DEVIL'S), River, rises in lake of same

name, running southwest, empties into Chippewa river, of which it is the largest tributary.

MANITOU, River, see East River, Brown county.

MANITOWOC, County, is bounded on the north by Brown and Kewaunee, on the east and southeast by the State line in Lake Michigan, on the south by Sheboygan, and on the west by Calumet and a portion of Outagamie. It was set off from Brown, December 7, 1836; organized and attached thereto for judicial purposes, December 17, 1836; fully organized, March 2, 1848. The northern boundaries were somewhat changed February 9, 1850. The seat of justice is established at Manitowoc Rapids, on Manitowoc river, 3 miles from its mouth, and a few miles east of the geographical centre of the county. The general formation of the surface is moderately undulating, and in some parts very agreeably diversified with hills and valleys. The soil is good and well watered, with springs and creeks, and is well adapted to tillage and grazing. The county is densely timbered with maple, oak, elm, birch, ash, pine, and hemlock. The county forms a part of the fourth judicial circuit, of the thirtieth congressional district, and of the first senate district. It sends one member to the assembly. The population in 1840 was 235; 1842, 263; 1846, 629; 1847, 1,285; 1850, 3,713; at present estimated, 7,000. Dwellings, 716; farms, 37; and manufactories, 22. County Officers for 1853 and 1854: County Judge, Ezekiel Ricker; Sheriff, D. H. Van Valkenburg; Clerk of Court, Frederick Salomon; District Attorney, J. H. W. Colby; Register of Deeds, Fred. Salomon; Clerk of Board of Supervisors, Charles A. Reuter; Treasurer, Wm. Bach; Surveyor, Fayette Arnsby; Coroner, Lyman Emmerson.

MANITOWOC, River, has its origin in two branches; the one head

ing at near the southern extremity of Lake Winnebago, and the other near the north western part of the same, in Calumet county; unite near the southeast corner of town 19 N., of range 20 E., draining about 400 square miles of lands. It runs nearly east, entering Lake Michigan at the village of Manitowoc, and is navigable to the village of Manitowoc Rapids, 5 miles from its mouth.

MANITOWOC, P. V., see Appendix.

MANITOWOC RAPIDS, P. V. and C.H., see Appendix.

MANLY, Lake, a small lake in the south part of Farmington, Washington county.

MAPLETON, P. O., in town of Oconomowoc, Waukesha county, 22 miles northwest from Waukesha, on the Ashippun river, at which place are good mills.

MARATHON, County, is bounded on the north and northeast by the State line, east by Waupacca and Oconto, south by Portage, and on the west by Chippewa and La Pointe. It was established from Portage, and fully organized February 9, 1850. Wausau, at Big Bull Falls on the Wisconsin river, about 20 miles north from the south line of the county, is the seat of justice. It is celebrated for its extensive regions of pine timber, and the production of pine lumber, rather than for agricultural pursuits. The mills in Adams, Portage, and Marathon, cut nearly sixty millions feet per annum. The county forms a part of the first senate and of the second congressional districts, and of the third judicial circuit, and, with Portage, sends one member to the assembly. County Officers for 1853 and 1854: Judge, Wm. H. Kennedy; Sheriff, Thos. Minton; Clerk of Court, Asa Lawrence.

MARATHON, Town, in county of Marathon, comprising the whole of the same. The population in 1850 was 466.

MARCELLON, P. V., in town of same name, Columbia county.

MARCELLON, Town, in county of Columbia, being town 13 N., of range 10; centrally located, 8 miles from Portage city. The population in 1850 was 405. It has 4 school districts.

MARINE MILLS, P. O., in Polk county, 9 miles below the Falls of St. Croix.

MARION, Town, in county of Waushara, being town 18 N., of range 11.

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MARION, P. V., in town of Paris, Kenosha county. MARKESAN, P. O., in Marquette county, 16 miles from Montello. MARQUETTE, County, is bounded on the north by Waushara, east by Winnebago and Fond du Lac, on the south by Dodge and Columbia, and on the west by Adams, and is 24 by 30 miles square. It was set off from Brown, December 7, 1836, and was organized and attached to Brown, for judicial purposes, January 22, 1844. It was fully organized July 31, 1848. The bounds of the county were extended March 6, 1849. Of late the subject of the county seat has created considerable excitement, and the question is now being litigated between the villages of Dartford, on the north side of Green Lake, in the eastern portion of the county, and Marquette, on the south side of Puckawa Lake, in the southern portion of the county. The county is celebrated for its good lands, deep lakes, fine water powers, and its industrious and thrifty inhabitants. It is watered by Fox river (Neenah) and its branches. The county is attached to the twenty-third senate, to the third congressional districts, and to the third judicial circuit, and, with Waushara, constitutes two assembly districts, as follows: 1. Towns of Berlin, Brooklyn, Pleasant Valley, Middleton, Mackford, Albany and Green Lake, in the county of Marquette, and the county of Waushara; 2. All that portion of Marquette county, being west of the range line between ranges 10 and 11 E., and the town of Marquette and Kingston, in the county of Marquette. The population in 1840 was 18; 1842, 59; 1846, 986; 1847, 2,264; including Waushara, 1850, 8,642; 237 farms, 9 manufactories, 1,747 dwellings. County Officers for 1853 and 1854: Judge, John S. Horner; Sheriff, James C. Potter; Clerk of Court, Dominic Devenna; Register of Deeds, J. Edmund Millard.

MARQUETTE, Town, in county of same name. It has 5 school districts.

MARQUETTE, P. V. and C. H., (?) on south side of Puckawa Lake, Marquette county.

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