St. Paul's supposed to be built on the site of Diana's Temple, 465

Paul's church, there were found more than an hundred scalpes of oxen or kine, in the yeere one thousand three hundred and sixteene; which thing, say they, confirmed greatly the opinion of those which have reported, that (of old time) there had been a temple of Jupiter, and that there was dayly sacrifice of beasts.

"Other some, both wise and learned, have thought the buck's head, borne before the procession of Paul's, on Saint Paul's day, to signify the like. But, true it is, I have read an ancient deede to this effect:

"Sir William Baud, knight, the third of Edward the First, in the yeere 1274, on Candlemas-day, granted to Harry de Borham, deane of St. Paul's, and to the chapter there, that, in consideration of 22 acres of ground or land by them granted within their manor of Westley, in Essex, to be inclosed into his park of Curingham, he would for ever, upon the feast day of the Conversion of Paul, in winter, give unto them a good doe, seasonable and sweete, and, upon the feast of the Commemoration of Saint Paul, in summer, a good bucke, and offer the same at the high altar, the same to bee spent among the canons residents: the doe to be brought by one man at the houre of procession; and thorow the procession to the high altar, and the bringer to have nothing: the bucke to be brought by all his meyneyt in like manner, and they to have paid unto them, by the Chamberlaine of the church, twelve pence onely, and no more to be required.

"This graunt he made; and for performaunce, bound the lands of him and his heires to be distrained on: and, if the lands should be evicted [resumed by a court of judicature], that yet he and his heires should accomplish the gift. Witnesses, Richard Tilberie, William de Wockendon, Richard de Harlowe, knight, Peter of Stamford, Thomas of Walden2 and some others.

Sir Walter Baude, sonne to William, confirmed this gift in the thirtieth of the said king; and the witnesses thereunto were Nicholas de Wockendon, Richard de Rokeley, Thomas de Mandeville, John de Rochford, knights, Richard de Bromford, William de Markes, William de Fulham, and others. Thus much for the graunt.

*Surely, Mr. Urban, with much more probability, as having reference to the worship of Diana? "The many rend the skies with loud applause."

+ Subst.

VOL. I.

нһ

DRYDEN.

"Now, what I have heard by report, and partly seene, it followeth.

"Upon the feast-day of the Commemoration of Saint Paul, the bucke being brought up to the steps of the high altar in Paul's church, at the houre of procession, the deane and chapter being apparrelled in coapes and vestments, with garlands of roses on their heads, they sent the body of the bucke to baking. [See Pennant, as above].

"Then follows:

"There was belonging to the church of St. Paul, for both the dayes, two special sutes of vestments, the one embroidered with buckes, the other with does, both given by the said Bauds (as I have heard). Thus much for that matter." Pp. 640, 1.

This festival of the commemoration of St. Paul is distinct from that of his passion; which, falling on the same day with that of St. Peter [June 29], is called bis festa dies. This commemoration was appointed for the 30th of June; because, in former times, the Bishop of Rome had been accustomed to officiate upon one and the same day, in pontificalibus, in the churches dedicated to both of the Apostles; but, when it appeared that this could not well be performed, by reason of the too far distance of the places one from the other, without too much, and almost intolerable, labour, it was thought better, that on the first day the solemnity of them both should be celebrated in the Vatican church, and the next day following the same duties should be performed in the church of St. Paul, in which place might be more fully completed what in that behalf might fortune to be omitted on the day before.

This account I find in Seymour, p. 652; with whose observation on the site of the cathedral of St. Paul, I shall conclude my remarks.

"This stately church of St. Paul," says he, "stands in or near the place where once had been a temple of Diana, the goddess worshipped by the Londoners, as Apollo was by the people of Thorney, or Westminster. This appeared from the tusks of boars, horns of stags, and of oxen, and from the representation of deer, and even of Diana herself, upon the sacrificing-vessels found in digging the foundation of it, which was begun by Ethelbert, king of Kent, about the year of Christ 610."

1796, Sept.

Yours, &c.

E. E. A.

CXXIX. Tyttenhanger.-Chapel Wainscot at Luton.

MR. URBAN,

May 20, 1788. IN the year 1547, Sir Thomas Pope, founder of Trinity college, Oxford, bought of King Henry the Eighth the ancient stately mansion-house of Tyttenhanger, in the parish of Ridge, in Hertfordshire, being the country seat of the abbots of St. Alban's; and which, but for this purchase, would have been destroyed as an appendage to the abbey. This house was so large, that, in 1528, King Henry the Eighth, with his queen Catharine, and their retinue, removed hither during the continuance of the sweating sickness in London.

In this house Sir Thomas Pope made great improvements. It became his favourite place of residence, and the statutes of his college are dated thence. He erected over the vestibule of the great hall a noble gallery for wind-music. The chapel was a spacious edifice, and beautifully decorated. The windows were enriched with painted glass, which Sir Thomas Pope brought hither from the choir of St. Alban's abbey, when that church, by his interposition with the king, was preserved from total destruction. The wainscot behind or over the stalls was finely painted with a series of the figures of all the saints who bore the name of John, in memory of John Moot, one of the abbots. But Sir Thomas Pope put up a new piece of wainscot, of Spanish oak, on a very large scale, at the East end, most exquisitely sculptured, beginning at the end of the stalls, and continued towards the altar. This was to adorn that part of the chapel which was usually called the Presbytery, or the space about and near the altar.

After Sir Thomas Pope's death, in 1559, Tyttenbangerhouse continued to be inhabited by the relations of his second wife, bearing the name of Pope-Blount. In the year 1620 it began to be lessened, or pulled down in part; about which time the family of Napier, then tenants to Trinity college (Oxford), at Luton, by the mediation of the college, removed the wainscot (above mentioned), put up by Sir Thomas Pope in the chapel of Tyttenhanger-house, in entire preservation, to the chapel of the mansion-house, at Luton. John, Earl of Bute, about the year 1768, pulled down this old mansion-house at Luton, to build a new house in its place; but, with great taste and judgment, retained

the old chapel, with Sir Thomas Pope's wainscot, where it still remains.

No traces of the old house at Tyttenhanger now remain. It was totally demolished about the year 1652, and was soon afterwards most elegantly rebuilt as it appears at present. 1797, Jan. T. WARTON.

CXXX. List of the Household and mode of living, at Ragland Castle.

MR. URBAN,

Bristol, July 1.

IN a collection of Welch tours, lately published, I find a singular article, which I do not recollect to have seen in any of our English histories; and, as it displays an engaging picture of Welch hospitality as well as the magnificence of former times, it may probably afford entertainment to your readers: as such, I with pleasure inclose you the extract.

J. D.

"List of the Household and method of living, at Ragland Castle, by the Earl of Worcester, in the Reign of Charles I. 1641.

"At 11 o'clock in the forenoon the castle gates were shut, and the tables laid; two in the dining-room; three in the hall; one in Mrs. Watson's apartment, for the chaplains (Sir Toby Mathews being the first); and two in the housekeeper's room, for the ladies' women.

"The earl entered the dining-room, attended by his gentleman.

"As soon as he was seated, Sir Ralph Blackstone, steward of the house retired. The comptroller, Mr. Holland, attended with his staff, as did the sewer, Mr. Blackburne; the daily waiters, Mr. Clough, Mr. Selby, Mr. Scudamore; and many gentlemen's sons, with estates from two to seven hundred pounds a year, who were bred up in the castle; my lady's gentlemen of the chamber, Mr. Morgan, and Mr. Fox.

"At the first table sat the noble family, and such of the nobility as came there.

"At the second table, in the dining-room, sat knights and honourable gentlemen, attended by footmen.

"In the hall, at the first table, sat Sir Ralph Blackstone,

steward; the comptroller, Mr. Holland; the secretary; the master of the horse, Mr. Dolowar; the master of the fishponds, Mr. Andrews; my Lord Herbert's preceptor, Mr. Adams; with such gentlemen as came there under the degree of a knight, attended by footmen, and plentifully served with wine.

"At the second table in the hall (served from my Lord's table, and with other hot meats) sat the sewer, with the gentlemen waiters and pages, to the number of twenty-four.

"At the third table, in the hall, sat the clerk of the kitchen, with the yeomen officers of the house, two grooms of the chamber, &c.

"Other officers of the household were, chief auditor, Mr. Smith; clerk of the accounts, George Whithorn; purveyor of the castle, Mr. Salisbury; ushers of the hall, Mr. Moyle and Mr. Cooke; closet-keeper; gentleman of the chapel, Mr. Davies; keeper of the records; master of the wardrobe; master of the armoury; master grooms of the stable for the war-horses, twelve; master of the hounds; master falconer; porter, and his man.

"Two butchers; two keepers of the home park; two keepers of the red deer park.

Footmen, grooms, and other menial servants, to the number of 150. Some of the footmen were brewers and bakers.

"Out Officers.

"Steward of Ragland, William Jones, esq.

"The governor of Chepstow castle, Sir Nicholas Kemys,

bart.

"Housekeeper of Worcester house in London, James Redman, esq.

"Thirteen bailiffs.

"Two counsel for the bailiffs to have recourse to. "Solicitor, Mr. John Smith.

"This once magnificent castle is now in ruins, but the remains of it are well worth the observation of travellers. Among other parts now standing is a flight of steps, which appear ready to fall, yet so curiously put together as to be ascended without danger; part of the hall is standing, and presents to the view a beautiful picture of ancient architecture."

1797, July.