So, being moved on every side, she complied, and made a very sensible speech; in which, among other things, she raised the expectations of the University, with respect to some royal foundation, which, however, she never thought fit to gratify.

At this speech of the queen's, the auditors being all mar. vellously astonished, and inwardly revising and revolving the sense of it, they presently spoke forth in open voice, Vivat Regina! But the queen's majesty said on the other side, in respect of her oration, Taceat Regina! and wished all they that heard her oration had drank of the flood Lethe. And so her majesty cheerfully departed to her lodging.

Great preparations and charges, as before in the other plays, were employed and spent about the tragedy of So phocles, called Ajax Flagellifer in Latin, to be this night played before her. But her highness, as it were tired with going about to the colleges, and with hearing of disputations, and over watched with former plays (for it was very late nightly before she came to them, as also departed from them,) and furthermore minding early in the morning to depart from Cambridge, and ride to a dinner unto a house of the bishop of Ely, at Stanton, from thence to her bed at Hinchinbrook, a house of sir Henry Cromwell's,† in Huntingdonshire, (about twelve miles from Cambridge), could not, as otherwise no doubt she would (with like patience and cheerfulness, as she was present at the other) hear the said tragedy, to the great sorrow, not only of the players, but of the whole University.

*

Upon Thursday, August 10, early in the morning, was called a congregation, against eight o'clock; in the which divers lords of the garter, and other noblemen, were made masters of arts; who gently accepted the offer of the University, and were admitted, and promised their fidelity to the University in the chamber of presence, viz. Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk; Thomas Ratcliff, earl of Sussex; Ambrose Dudley, earl of Harwich; Edward Vere, earl of Oxford; Edward Manners, earl of Rutland; lord Robert Dudley, high steward; Edward Clinton, lord

Now the seat of the earl of Sandwich.

+ Grandfather to Oliver Cromwell.

Beheaded on Tower-hill, 2nd June, 15 Eliz. for endeavouring to marry Mary queen of Scots.

Eldest surviving son of John duke of Northumberland, and elder brother to lord Robert Dudley.

Clinton; Henry Carey,* lord Hunsdon; William How ard,t lord Effingham, lord chamberlain; sir William Cecil, knight, chancellor; sir Francis Knollys, knight; John Ashley, Richard Bertie, Thomas Heneage, Edward Cooke, and William Cooke, esqs. Mr. William Latimer, clerk of her majesty's closet, doctor in divinity.

The queen's highness, about nine o'clock, hasted to horseback: and at the porch of her lodging met her the provost, (Dr. Baker) and certain of his company, where Mr. Thomas Preston, M.A. fellow of King's College (whom before in all his doings in the University the queen well liked), made a very goodly oration; taking their leave, and bidding her majesty farewell: with whom she was then so well pleased, that she made him, and openly called him "her scholar" and, in token thereof, offered him her hand to kiss; and so took her leave and departed.

At this time Mr. Clark, of Clare Hall, her majesty's reader in law, exhibited to her his oration (of the verity of the questions written before) in writing; and certain reasons against them which he did, because the shortness of the time would neither suffer him to speak his mind of the questions, neither his adversaries to repel them, nor the determiner to judge of the truth, because no man must be judge of his own causes.

Passing by King's College by the schools, Dr. Andrew Perne, and divers others of the University, kneeled, and wished her grace, in Latin, a prosperous and safe progress. To whom she mildly answered again with a loud voice, Valete, omnes!

The mayor on horseback, and bearing his mace, with all the aldermen, tarried for her majesty against the west end of St. Mary's church, and so waited upon her to the far end of Howse-Causey. And coming by Magdalen College, the master, Roger Kelke, and the company of the same, were

First cousin to queen Elizabeth.

Son of Thomas the second duke of Norfolk.

Father to lord Willoughby, of Eresby, and ancestor of the present duke of Ancaster and earl of Abingdon.

§ Dean of Peterborough, in 1560, and archdeacon of Westminster.

Afterwards LLD. and master of Trinity Hall. He acted so admirably well in the tragedy of Dido, and did so genteely and gracefully dispute before the queen, that she gave him 201. per annum, for so doing. A. Wood.-Pres ton's antagonist in these disputations was the famous Thomas Cartwright, of Trinity College. Cartwright had dealt most with the Muses, Preston with the Graces. Cartwright disputed like a great, Preston like a genteel, scholar.

ready to receive her grace with an oration. But her highness excused her staying to hear the same, by reason of the heat of the day and the press of the people, and therefore required the paper of the oration; which being exhibited, she departed; and was, by all men's prayers, committed to the grace and tuition of Almighty God, who ever bless her!

Amen.

The duke of Norfolk accompanied her majesty out of the town; and then, returning, entered Magdalen College, and gave much money in the same, promising 401. by year till they had builded the quadrant of their college; and further promised, "that he would endow them with land for the in crease of their number and studies."

1772, Oct. Sup. 1773, Jan.

XII. Queen Elizabeth's Speech to the University of Cambridge, alluded to in the preceding Article.

« ETSI fœminilis pudor, clarissima academia, subditique fidelissimi, in tanta doctorum turba inelaboratum hunc sermonem et orationem me prohibet apud vos narrare; tamen nobilium meorum intercessio, benevolentiaque mea erga academiam, me aliquid proferre invitavit.

"Duobus stimulis ad hanc rem commoveor. Primus est, bonarum literarum propagatio, quam multum cupio, et ardentissimis votis exopto: alter est, vestra (ut audio) omnium expectatio.

"Quod ad [literarum] propagationem spectat, unum illud apud Demosthenem memini, Superiorum verba apud inferiores librorum locum habent; et principum dicta legum authoritatem apud subditos retinent.' Hoc itaque unum vos omnes in memoria retinere velim, quod semita nulla rectior, nulla aptior erit, sive ad bona fortunæ acquirenda, sive ad principis vestræ gratiam conciliandam, quam ut graviter studiis vestris incumbatis, ut cæpistis. Quod ut faciatis, vos omnes oro, obsecroque. De secundo stimulo, vestra nimirum expectatione, hoc unum dico me nihil libenter prætermissuram esse, quod vestræ de me animæ benevola concipiunt cogitationes.

"Jam ad academiam venio. Tempore antemeridiano vidi ædificia vestra sumptuosa, a meis antecedentibus, clarissimis principibus, literarum causa extructa: et inter videndum, dolor artus meos occupavit, atque ea mentis sus

piria, quæ Alexandrum Magnum quondam tenuisse ferun tur; qui, cum legisset multa aliorum principum monumenta, conversus ad familiarem, seu potius consiliarium suum, multum doluit aliquem fuisse qui eum tempore vel actis præcessisset.' Sic ego non minus dolebam, cum vestra ædificia videbam, me nihil adhuc hujusmodi fecisse. Hæc tamen vulgaris sententia me aliquantulum recreavit, quæ etsi non auferre, tamen minuere possit dolorem meum; quæ quidem sententia hæc est, Romam uno die non fuisse conditam. Non est enim ita senilis mea ætas, aut tam longus fuit gubernationis meæ ordo,* quin, ante redditionem debiti naturæ, (si non nimis cito Atropos lineam vitæ meæ amputaverit) aliquod opus eximium faciam. Et, quamdiu vita hos regit artus, nunquam a proposito deflectam. Et si contingat (quod quam cito futurum sit plane nesciam) me mori oportere, antequam hoc ipsum quod polliceor, complere possim, aliquod tamen opus egregium post mortem relinquam, quo et memoria mea celebris fiat, et alios excitem exemplo meo; et vos omnes alacriores faciam ad vestra studia.

"Sed jam videtis quantum intersit inter, doctrinam rectam, et disciplinam animo non retentam. Quorum alterius sunt complures satis testes; alterius autem vos omnes, nimis quidem inconsiderate, testes hoc tempore effeci.

"Nunc tempus est, ut aures vestræ, hoc barbaro orationis genere tam diu detenta, tædio liberentur. E. R. A. dixi."

TRANSLATION.

"Though female modesty, most celebrated University, and most faithful subjects, deters me from delivering an unstudied speech and oration before so great an assembly of the learned, yet the intreaty of my nobles, and my own regard for the University, have induced me to say something.

"For this I have two motives. The first is, the increase of good learning; which I much desire, and most ardently wish. The other is, (as I hear) all your expectations. As to the increase of learning, I remember that passage in Demosthenes, The words of superiors supply with inferiors the place of books; and the sayings of princes have with their subjects the authority of laws. I would, therefore, have you all remember this, that there will be no way

* Queen Elizabeth was at this time in the thirty-first year of her age, and the sixth of her reign

more direct, more proper, either to acquire the gifts of fortune, or to procure the favour of your prince, than by diligently applying to your studies, as you have begun. And this I beg and intreat of you all. As to the second inducement, namely, your expectations, I say only this, that I would willingly omit nothing, as your benevolent minds are so partial to me.

"I now come to the University. I have seen this morning your costly buildings, erected by my predecessors, most illustrious princes, for the sake of learning; and on seeing them grief overwhelmed me, and that anxiety of mind, which is said formerly to have oppressed Alexander the Great, who, on surveying the various memorials of other princes, turning to his favourite, or rather counsellor, much lamented that any one should have preceded him either in life or actions.' In like manner I grieved no less, when I beheld your structures, that I had hitherto done nothing of this sort. But this common saying gave me some consolation; and, though it cannot remove, may yet abate my grief; namely, that Rome was not built in a day.

"For my age is not so far advanced, nor have I reigned so long, but that before I pay the debt of nature, (if fate does not cut the thread of my life too soon) I may perform some excellent work. And while life remains, I will never deviate from this design. And should I happen to die (which how soon it may be I cannot tell) before I can fulfil this my promise, yet I will leave some excellent work after my death, by which my memory may be renowned, others may be excited by my example, and I may make you all more diligent in your studies.

"But now you perceive the great difference between true learning and instruction not well retained. Of the former you yourselves are sufficient evidence; of the latter. I, too inconsiderately, have made you all witnesses.

"It is now time that your ears, too long detained by this barbarous sort of an oration, should be released." 1773, Feb.

XIII. An Attempt to prove the precise Day when Julius Cæsar made his first Descent upon Britain; also the very spot where he landed.

THE authors that mention this expedition, with any circumstances, are, Cæsar in his Commentaries, lib. 4, and