Principles of Voice Production

acoustic power Acoustical Society adduction airflow airway amplitude arytenoid cartilages Biomechanics body breathing Chapter constant cricothyroid muscle curve cycle elastic elongation energy Equation example F₂ falsetto female filter fluid force formant formant frequencies fundamental frequency glottal glottal flow glottal source glottis harmonic Hirano hyoid bone increase intensity Journal of Voice lamina propria laryngeal muscles larynx layer ligament loud lung pressure male mass maximum measured mechanical medium mode movement muscle activity normal oscillation pattern peak percent perturbation phonation physiologic pitch posterior produce propagation pulse range ratio resonance shown in Figure singers singing sinusoid Society of America sound spectral slope spectrum Speech and Hearing stress subglottal pressure Sundberg thyroarytenoid muscle thyroid cartilage tion Titze tube variable vocal fold vocal fold length Vocal fold physiology vocal fold tissue vocal fold vibration vocal processes vocal registers vocal tract vocalist voice disorders vowel wave waveform zero