its tribute to Rome, 153. Is conquered
by the Turks, v. 482.
Asiarch, the nature of this office among
the ancient pagans, i. 439, note.
Aspar is commissioned by Theodosius the
Younger to conduct Valentinian III. to
Italy, iii. 294. Places his steward Leo
on the throne of the Eastern empire,
392. He and his sons murdered by Leo,
Assassins, the principality of, destroyed by
the Moguls, vi. 174.
Assemblies of the people abolished under
the Roman emperors, i. 74. The nature
of, among the ancient Germans, 208.
Assyria, the province of,described, iii. 281.
Is invaded by the emperor Julian, 282.
His retreat, 295.
Astarte, her image brought from Carthage
to Rome, as a spouse for Elagabalus,
141.
Astolphus, king of the Lombards, takes the
city of Ravenna, and attacks Rome, v.
86. Is repelled by Pepin, king of France,
87.
Astrology, why cultivated by the Arabian
astronomers, v. 306.
Athalaric, the son of Amalasoutha, queen
of Italy, his education and character,
iv. 125.
Athanaric, the Gothic chief, his war against
the emperor Valens, ii. 448. His al-
liance with Theodosius, bis death and
funeral, iii. 58.
Athanasius, St. confesses his understand-
ing bewildered by meditating on the di-
General
vinity of the Logos, ii. 242.
view of his opinions, 247. Is banished,
253. His character and adventures,
Was
His death, 426.
258. 355. 406
not the author of the famous creed un-
der his name, iii. 442, note.
Athanasius, patriarch of Constantinople,
his contests with the Greek emperor
Andronicus the Elder, vi. 145.
Athenais, daughter of the philosopher Le-
ontius. See Eudocia.
Athens, the libraries in that city, why said
to have been spared by the Goths, i.
245. Naval strength of the republic of,
during its prosperity, 388, note.
is laid under contribution by Alaric
the Goth, iii. 159.
Review of the philosophical history
of, iv. 90. The schools of, silenced by
the emperor Justinian, 93.
Revolutions of, after the crusades,
and its present state, vi. 142.
Athos, mount, beatific visions of the monks
of, vi. 161.
Atlantic Ocean, derivation of its name, i.
39.
Attacotti, a Caledonian tribe of cannibals,
account of, ii. 443.
Attalus, præfect of Rome, is chosen empe-
ror by the senate, under the influence
of Alaric, iii. 225. Is publicly degraded,
227. His future fortune, 248.
Attalus, a noble youth of Auvergne, his
adventures, iii. 464.
Allila, the Hun, iii. 213. Description of
his person and character, ib. His con-
quests, 315. His treatment of his cap-
tives, 321. Imposes terms of peace on
Theodosius the Younger, 329. Op-
presses Theodosius by his ambassa-
dors, 326. Description of his royal re-
sidence, 330. His reception of the am-
bassadors of Theodosius, 331. His be-
haviour on discovering the scheme of
Theodosius to get him assassinated,
335. His haughty messages to the em-
perors of the East and West, 338. His
invasion of Gaul, 347. His oration to
his troops on the approach of Ætius
and Theodoric, 351. Battle of Chalons,
353. His invasion of Italy, 355.
retreat purchased by Valentinian, 360.
His death, 361.
Alys and Cybele, the fable of, allegorized
by the pen of Julian, ii. 324.
Avars, are discomfitted by the Turks, iv.
169. Their embassy to the emperor
Justinian, 170. Their conquests in Po-
land and Germany, 171. Their embas-
sy to Justin II. 304. They join the Lom-
bards against the Gepidæ, 307. Pride,
policy, and power, of their chagan
Baian, 347. Their conquest, 349. In-
vest Constantinople, 373.
Averroes, his religious infidelity, how far
justifiable, v. 309, note.
Aversa, a town near Naples, built as a set-
tlement for the Normans, v. 422.
Augurs, Roman, their number and pecu-
liar office, iii. 212.
Augustine, his account of the miracles
wrought by the body of St. Stephen,
iii. 132. Celebrates the piety of the
Goths in the sacking of Rome, 230. Ap-
proves the persecution of the Donatists
of Africa, 301. His death, character,
and writings, 303. History of his relics,
484, note.
Augustulus, son of the patrician Orestes,
is chosen emperor of the West, iii. 409.
Is deposed by Odoacer, 410. His ba-
nishment to the Lucullan villa in Cam-
pania, 412.
Augustus, emperor, his moderate exercise
of power, i. 18. Is imitated by his suc-
cessors, ib. His naval regulations, 32.
His division of Gaul, 33. His situation
after the battle of Actium, 68. He re-
forms the senate, 69. Procures a sena-
torial grant of the Imperial dignity, ib.
Division of the provinces between him
and the senate, 71. Is allowed his
military command and guards in the
city of Rome, ib. Obtains the consular
and tribunitian offices for life, 72. His
character and policy, 78. Adopts Ti-
berius, 80. Formed an accurate regis-
ter of the revenues and expenses of the
empire, 153. Taxes instituted by him,
154. His naval establishments at Ra-
venna, iii. 173.
Augustus and Cesar, those titles explained
and discriminated, i. 77.
Avienus, his character and embassy from
Valentinian III. to Attila, king of the
Huns, iii. 360.
Avignon, the holy see how transferred from
Rome to that city, vi. 365. Return of
Pope Urban V. to Rome, 396.
Avitus, his embassy from Etius to Theo-
doric king of the Visigoths, iii. 339. As-
sumes the empire, 374. His deposition
and death, 378.
Aurelian, emperor, his birth and services,
i. 264. His expedition against Palmyra,
274. His triumph, 280. His cruelty
and death, 284, 285.
Aurengzebe, account of his immense
camp, i. 192, note.
Aureolus is invested with the purple on the
Upper Danube, i. 258.
Ausonius, the tutor of the emperor Gra-
tian, his promotions, iii. 65, note.
Autharis, king of the Lombards in Italy,
his wars with the Franks, iv. 319. His
adventurous gallantry, 325.
Autun, the city of, stormed and plundered
by the legions in Gaul, iv. 271.
Auvergne, province and city of, in Gaul,
revolutions of, iii. 482.
Auxiliaries, barbarian, fatal consequences
of their admission into the Roman ar-
mies, ii. 104.
Axuch, a Turkish slave, his generous
friendship to the princess Anne Com-
nena, v. 55. And to Manuel Comnenus,
56.
Azimuntium, the citizens of, defend their
privileges against Peter, brother of the
Eastern emperor Maurice, iv. 350.
Azimus, remarkable spirit by the citi-
zens of, against Attila and his Huns, iii.
325.
Baalbec, description of the ruins of, v.
227.
Babylas, St. bishop of Antioch, his post-
humous history, ii. 351.
Begaudæ, in Gaul, revolt of, its occasion,
and suppression by Maximian, i. 318.
Bagdad becomes the royal residence of
the Abbassides, v. 300. Derivation of
the name, 301, note. The fallen state
of the caliphs of, 326. The city of,
stormed and sacked by the Moguls, vi.
176.
Bahram, the Persian general, his charac-
ter and exploits, iv. 339. Is provoked
to rebellion, 342. Dethrones Chosroes,
344. His usurpation and death, 345.
Baian, chagan of the Avars, his pride, po-
licy, and power, iv. 347. His perfidious
seizure of Sirmium and Singidunum,
348. His conquests, 349. His trea-
cherous attempt to seize the emperor
Heraclius, 364. Invests Constantino-
ple in conjunction with the Persians,
373. Retires, 375.
Bajazet I. sultan of the Turks, his reign,
vi. 193. His correspondence with Ta
merlane, 208. Is defeated and captured
by Tamerlane, 215. Inquiry into the
story of the iron cage, ib. His sons,
Balbinus elected joint emperor with Maxi-
mus, by the senate, on the deaths of
the two Gordians, i. 170.
Baldwin, count of Flanders, engages in
the fourth crusade, vi. 57. Is chosen
emperor of Constantinople, 86.
taken prisoner by Calo John, king of
the Bulgarians, 94. His death, ib.
Baldwin II. emperor of Constantinople, vi.
401. His distress and expedients,
402. His expulsion from that city,
408.
Baldwin, brother of Godfrey of Bouillon,
accompanies him on the first crusade,
v. 505. Founds the principality of
Edessa, 524.
Baltic Sea, progressive subsidence of the
water of, i. 199, note. How the Romans
acquired a knowledge of the naval pow-
ers of, ii. 438, note.
Baptism, theory and practice of, among
the primitive Christians, ii. 213.
Barbary, the name of that country, whence
derived, v. 260, note. The Moors of,
converted to the Mahometan faith,
278.
Barbatio, general of the infantry in Gaul
under Julian, bis misconduct, ii. 186.
Barchochebas, his rebellion against the em-
peror Hadrian, ii. 11.
Bards, Celtic, their power of exciting a
martial enthusiasm in the people, i.
214.
Bards, British, their peculiar office and du-
ties, iii. 501.
Bari, is taken from the Saracens by the
joint efforts of the Latin and Greek em-
pires, v. 416.
Barlaam, a Calabrian monk, his dispute
with the Greek theologians about the
light of mount Thabor, vi. 161. His
embassy to Rome, from Andronicus the
younger, 235. His literary character,
264.
Basil I. the Macedonian, emperor of Con-
stantinople, v. 34. Reduces the Pauli-
cians, 380.
Basil II. emperor of Constantinople, v.
44. His great wealth, 343. His inbu-
man treatment of the Bulgarians,
392.
Basil, archbishop of Cæsarea, no evidence
of bis having been persecuted by the
emperor Valens, ii. 428. Insults his
friend Gregory Nazianzen, under the
appearance of promotion, iii. 74. The
father of the monks of Pontus, iii.
420.
Basiliscus, brother of the empress Verina,
is intrusted with the command of the
armament sent against the Vandals in
Africa, iii. 397. His fleet destroyed by
Genseric, 398. His promotion to the
empire, and death, iv. 15.
Bassianus, high priest of the sun, his
parentage, i. 138. Is proclaimed em-
peror at Emesa, ib. See Elagaba-
lus.
Bassianus, brother-in-law to Constantine,
revolts against him, i. 381.
Bassora, its foundation and situation, v.
207.
Baths, public, of Rome, described, iii.
Batna, reception of the emperor Julian
there, ii. 367.
Beasts, wild, the variety of, introduced in
the circus, for the public games at
Rome, i. 308.
Beausobre, M. de, character of his His-
toire Critique du Manicheisme, iv. 383,
note.
Beber, battle of, between Mahomet and
the Koreish of Mecca, v. 170.
Bedoweens of Arabia, their mode of life, v.
128.
Bees, remarks on the structure of their
combs and cells, v. 304, note.
Belisarius, his birth and military promo-
tion, iv. 100. Is appointed by Justinian
to conduct the African war, 104. Em-
barkation of his troops, 105. Lands in
Africa, 105. Defeats Gelimer, 108.
Is received into Carthage, 109. Se-
cond defeat of Gelimer, 112. Reduc-
tion of Africa, 114. Surrender of Ge-
limer, 117. His triumphant return to
Constantinople, 118. Is declared sole
consul, 119. He menaces the Ostro-
goths of Italy, 123. He seizes Sicily,
127. Invades Italy, 130. Takes Na-
ples, 132. He enters Rome, 134. He
is besieged in Rome by the Goths, ib.
The siege raised, 146. Causes Con-
stantine, one of his generals, to be kill-
ed, 147. Siege of Ravenna, 150.
Takes Ravenna by stratagem, 152.
Returns to Constantinople, 153. His
character and behaviour, ib. Scan-
dalous life of his wife Antonina, 154.
His disgrace and submission, 158. Is
sent into the East to oppose Chosroes,
king of Persia, 183. His politic recep-
tion of the Persian ambassadors, 184.
His second campaign in Italy, 207.
His ineffectual attempt to raise the
siege of Rome, 210. Dissuades Totila
from destroying Rome, 212. Recovers
the city, 213. His final recal from
Italy, 215. Rescues Constantinople
from the Bulgarians, 232. His disgrace
and death, ib.
Benefice, in feudal language, explained, iii.
479.
Benevento, battle of, between Charles of
Anjou, and Mainfroy the Sicilian usur-
per, vi. 135.
Beneventum, anecdotes relating to the
siege of, v. 418.
Benjamin of Tudela, his account of the
riches of Constantinople, v. 342.
Berau, of Aleppo, reception of the empe-
ror Julian there, ii. 367.
Bernard, St. his character and influence
in promoting the second crusade, vi.
17. His character of the Romans,
344.
Berytus, account of the law school esta-
blished there, ii. 96. Is destroyed by
an earthquake, iv. 238.
Bernier, his account of the camp of Au-
rengzebe, i. 192, note.
Bessarion, cardinal, his character, vi. 209.
Bessas, governor of Rome for Justinian,
his rapacity during the siege of that
city by Totila the Goth, iv. 208. Occa-
sions the loss of Rome, 209.
Bezabde, is taken and garrisoned by Sa-
por king of Persia, ii. 179. Is inef-
fectually besieged by Constantius,
Bindoes, a Sassanian prince, deposes Hor-
mouz, king of Persia, iv. 342.
Birthright, the least invidious of all hu-
man distinctions, i. 101.
Bishops, among the primitive Christians,
the office of, explained, i. 427. Pro-
gress of episcopal authority, 429. As-
sumed dignity of episcopal government,
437.
Bishops, number of, at the time of Constan-
tine the Great, ii. 218. Mode of their
election, 219. Their power of ordination,
221. The ecclesiastical revenue of each
diocess, how divided, 224. Their civil
jurisdiction, ib. Their spiritual cen-
sures, 226. Their legislative assemblies,
229.
Bishops, rural, their rank and duties, ii.
Bissextile, superstitious regard for this year
by the Romans, ii. 124.
Bithynia, the cities of, plundered by the
Goths, i. 240.
Blemyes, their revolt against the emperor
Dioclesian, i. 325.
Boccace, his literary character, vi. 265.
Boethius, the learned senator of Rome, his
history, iv. 35. His imprisonment and
death, 38.
Bohemond, the son of Robert Guiscard,
his character and military exploits, v.
443. 509. His route to Constantinople
on the crusade, 513. His flattering
reception by the emperor Alexius
Comnenus, 517. Takes Antioch and
obtains the principality of it, 527. His
subsequent transactions and death,
vi. 10.
Boniface, St. his history, ii. 62.
Boniface, count, the Roman general under
Valentinian III. his character, iii. 296.
Is betrayed into a revolt by Etius, 297.
Ilis repentance, 301. Is besieged in
Hippo Regius by Genseric king of the
Vandals, 303. Returns to Italy, and is
killed by Etius, 305.
Boniface VIII. pope, his violent contest
with Philip the Fair, king of France, and
his character, vi. 363. Institutes the Ju-
bilee, 366.
Boniface, marquis of Montferrat, is chosen
general of the fourth crusade to the
Holy Land, vi. 6. Is made king of
Macedonia, 88. Is killed by the Bulga-
rians, 96.
Bosphorus, revolutions of that kingdom, i.
238. Is seized by the Goths, 239. The
strait of, described, ii. 71.
Bosra, siege of, by the Saracens, v. 216.
Botheric, the Imperial general in Thes-
salonica, murdered in a sedition, iii.
99.
Boucicault, marshal, defends Constantino-
ple against Bajazet, vi. 199.
Boulogne, the port of, recovered from
Carausius, by Constantius Chlorus, i.
Bowides, the Persian dynasty of, v. 326.
Brancaleone, senator of Rome, his charac-
ter, vi. 353.
Bretagne, the province of, in France, set-
tled by Britons, iii. 497.
Britain, reflections on the conquest of,
by the Romans, i. 19. Description
of, 34. Colonies planted in, 47, note.
A colony of Vandals settled there by
Probus, i. 299. Revolt of Carausius,
320.
How first peopled, ii. 439. Inva-
sions of, by the Scots and Picts, 441.
Is restored to peace by Theodosius,
443.
Revolt of Maximus there, iii. 67.
Revolt of the troops there against Ho-
norius, 184. Is abandoned by the Ro-
mans, 256. State of, until the arrival
of the Saxons, ib. Descent of the Sax-
ons on, 425. Establishment of the
Saxon heptarchy, 493. Wars in, 496.
Saxon devastation of the country, 498.
Manners of the independent Britons,
501. Description of, by Procopius, 503.
Britain, conversion of the Britons by a
mission from pope Gregory the Great,
iv. 332. The doctrine of the incarna-
tion received there, 423.
Brutus, the Trojan, his colonization of
Britain, now given up by intelligent his-
torians, ii. 114, note.
Buffon, M. his extraordinary burning-mir-
rors, iv. 74, note.
Bulgarians, their character, iv. 163, 164.
Their inroads on the Eastern empire,
165. Invasion of, under Zabergan, 230.
Repulsed by Belisarius, 231.
The kingdom of, destroyed by Ba
sil II. the Greek emperor, v. 44.
319.
Revolt of, from the Greek empire,
and submission to the pope of Rome, vi
54. War with the Greeks under Cale
John, 91.
Bull-feast, in the Coliseum at Rome de-
scribed, vi. 427.
Burgundians, their settlement on the Elbe,
and maxims of government, ii. 435.
Their settlement in Gaul, iii.253. Limits
of the kingdom of, under Gundobald,
462. Are subdued by the Franks,
465.
Burnet, character of his Sacred Theory of
the earth, i. 414, note.
Burrampooter, source of that river, vi. 207,
note.
Busir, in Egypt, four several places known
under this name, v. 298, note.
Buzurg, the philosophical preceptor of
Hormouz king of Persia, his high repu
tation, iv. 338, note.
Byzantine historians, list and character of
vi. 336, note.
Byzantium, siege of, by the emperor Se-
verus, i. 119. Is taken by Maximin,
379. Siege of, by Constantine the
Great, 390. Its situation described, ii.
71. By whom founded, ib. note. See
Constantinople.
Caaba, or temple of Mecca, described, v
223. The idols in, destroyed by Maho-
met, 275.
Cabades, king of Persia, besieges and takes
Amida, iv. 88. Seizes the straits of
Caucasus, 89. Vicissitudes of his reign,
98.
Cadesia, battle of, between the Saracens
and the Persians, v. 206.
Cadijah, her marriage with Mahomet, v.
146. Is converted by him to his new
religion, 161. Her death, 163. Ma-
homet's veneration for her memory,
186.
Cæcilian, the peace of the church in
Africa, disturbed by him and his party,
ii. 232.
Cæcilius, the authority of his account of
the famous vision of Constantine the
Great, inquired into, ii. 207.
Calestian, senator of Carthage, his distress
on the taking of that city by Genseric,
iii. 308.
Cesar, Julius, his inducement
conquest of Britain, i. 19. Degrades
the senatorial dignity, 69, nole. As-
sumes a place among the tutelar dei-
ties of Rome, in his lifetime, 76.
address in appeasing a military sedition,
150, note. His prudent application
of the coronary gold presented to him,
ii. 119.
Cesar and Augustus, those titles explained
and discriminated, i. 77.
Cesars of the emperor Julian, the philoso-
phical fable of that work deleated, ii.
360.
Cesarea, capital of Cappadocia, taken by
Sapor, king of Persia, i. 247. Is re-
duced by the Saracens, v. 236.
Cahina, queen of the Moors of Africa, her
policy to drive the Arabs out of the
country, v. 262.
Cairoan, the city of, founded in the king-
dom of Tunis, v. 258.
Caled, deserts from the idolatrous Arabs
to the party of Mahomet, v. 175.
gallant conduct at the battle of Muta,
178. His victories under the caliph
Abubeker, 205. Attends the Saracen
army on the Syrian expedition, 216.
His valour at the siege of Damascus,
VOL. VI.
217. Distinguishes himself at the bat-
tle of Aiznadin, 220. His cruel treat-
ment of the refugees from Damascus,
225. Joins in plundering the fair of
Abyla, 226. Commands the Saracens
at the battle of Yermuk, 230. His
death, 91.
Culedonia, and its ancient inhabitants, de-
scribed, ii. 440.
Caledonian war, under the emperor Seve-
rus, an account of, i. 127.
Caliphs of the Saracens, character of, v.
Their rapid conquests, 203. Ex-
tent and power of, 281. Triple division
of the office, 300. They patronise
learning, 303. Decline and fall of their
empire, 224. 325.
Callinicum, the punishment of a religious
sedition in that city, opposed by St. Am-
brose, iii. 100.
Callinicus of Heliopolis, assists in defend-
ing Constantinople against the Sara-
cens, by his chemical inflammable com-
positions, v. 289.
Calmucks, black, recent emigration of,
from the confines of Russia to those in
China, iii. 25.
Calo-John, the Bulgarian chief, his war
with Baldwin, the Latin emperor of the
Greeks, vi. 92. Defeats and takes him
prisoner, 94. His savage character and
death, 96.
Calocerus, a camel-driver, excites an in-
surrection in the island of Cyprus, ii.
Calphurnius, the machinery of his eclogue
on the accession of the emperor Carus,
i. 304.
Calvin, the reformer, his doctrine of the
Eucharist, v. 384. Examination of his
conduct to Servetus, 388.
Camel, of Arabia, described, v. 130.
Camisard› of Languedoc, their enthusiasm
compared with hat of the Circumcel-
lians of Numidia i. 283.
Campania, the province of, desolated by
the ill policy of the Roman emperors,
ii 61. Description of the Lucullan villa
in, iii. 413.
Canada, the present climate and circum-
stances of, compared with those of an-
cient Germany, i. 200.
Cannon, enormous one of the sultan Ma-
homet II. described, vi. 306. Bursts,
312.
Canoes, Russian, a description of, v. 406.
Cantacuzene, John, character of his Greek
history, vi. 147. His good fortune
under the younger Andronicus, 153.
Is driven to assume the purple, 156.
His lively distinction between foreign
and civil war, 157. His entry into
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