Severus is declared Cesar on the abdication
of Dioclesian and Maximian, i. 352. His defeat and death, 359. Severus is appointed general of the cavalry in Gaul, under Julian, ii. 191. Shepherds and warriors, their respective modes of life compared, iii. 11. Shiites, a sect of Mahometans, their dis- tinction from the Sonnites, v. 189. Siberia, extreme coldness of the climate, and miserable state of the natives of, iii. 20. Is seized and occupied by the Tar- tars, vi. 179.
Sicily, reflections on the distractions in that island, i. 254. Is conquered by the Saracens, v. 313. Introduction of the silk manufacture there, 341. Exploits of the Normans there, 422. Is conquered by count Roger, 433. Roger, son of the former, made king of, 449. Reign of William the Bad, 457. Reign of Wil- liam the Good, 458. Conquest of, by the emperor Henry VI. 460. Is subdued by Charles of Anjou, iv. 135. The Si- cilian Vespers, 138. Sidonius Apollinaris the poet, bis humour- ous treatment of the capitation tax, ii. 116. His character of Theodoric king of the Visigoths in Gaul, iii. 376. His panegyric on the emperor Avitus, 379. His panegyric on the emperor Anthe- mius, 393.
Sigismond, king of the Burgundians, mur- ders his son, and is canonized, iii. 472. Is overwhelmed by an army of Franks, ib. Silentiarius, Paul, his account of the vari- ous species of stone and marble employ- ed in the church of St. Sophia at Con- stantinople, iv. 78, note.
Silk, first manufactured in China, and then in the small Grecian island of Ceos, iv. 61. A peculiar kind of silk procured from the pinna marina, 62. The silk- worm, how introduced to Greece, 65. Progress of the manufacture of, in the tenth century, v. 341.
Simeon, persecutor of the Paulicians, becomes a proselyte to their opinions, v. 377.
Simeon, king of Bulgaria, his exploits, v. 391.
Simeon Stylites, the hermit, his extraordi- nary mode of life, iii. 430.
Simony, an early instance of, ii. 47, note. Simplicius, one of the last surviving pagan philosophers of Athens, his writings and character, iv. 95.
Singara, battle of, between the emperor
Singeric, brother of Sarus, is made king of the Goths, iii. 251.
Singidunum is perfidiously taken by Baian chagan of the Avars, iv. 348. Sirmium is perfidiously taken by Baian chagan of the Avars, iv. 348. Siroes deposes and murders his father Chosroes II. king of Persia, iv. 379. His treaty of peace with the emperor Hera- clius, ib.
Sisebut, a Gothic king of Spain, persecutes the Jews there, i. 330. Sixtus V. pope, character of his adminis- tration, vi. 411.
Slave, strange perversion of the original sense of that appellation, v. 388. Slaves, among the Romans, who, and their condition described, i. 51.
Slavery, personal, imposed on captives by the barbarous nations, iii. 481. Sleepers, seven, narrative of the legendary tale of, iii. 309.
Smyrna, capture of, by Tamerlane, vi.
Solomon, king of the Jews, not the author of the book which bears the name of his Wisdom, ii. 236. Reasons for supposing he did not write either the book of Ecclesiastes or the Proverbs, iv. 118, note.
Solomon, the eunuch, relieves the Roman
province in Africa, from the depreda- tions of the Moors, iv. 121. Revolt of his troops at Carthage, 200. Is de- feated and killed by Antalus the Moor, 202.
Solyman, caliph of the Saracens, under- takes the siege of Constantinople, v. 285. His enormous appetite, and death,
Sonnites, in the Mahometan religion, their tenets, v. 189.
Sopator, a Syrian philosopher, beheaded by Constantine the Great, on a charge of binding the wind by magic, ii. 263, note.
Sophia, the widow of Justin II. her con- spiracy against the emperor Tiberius, iv. 316.
Sophia, St. foundation of the church of,
at Constantinople, iv. 76. Its descrip- tion, 77. Is converted into a mosque, vi. 329.
Sophian, the Arab, commands the first siege of Constantinople, v. 282. Sophronia, a Roman matron, kills herself to escape the violence of Maxentius, i. 368, note.
Sortes Sanctorum, a mode of Christian di- vination, adopted from the pagans, iii. 467, note.
Soul, uncertain opinions of the ancient philosophers as to the immortality of, i. 40s. This doctrine more generally re- ceived among the barbarous nations, and for what reason, 410. Was not taught by "Moses, ib. Four different prevailing doctrines as to the origin of, iv. 385, note.
Sozopetra destroyed by the Greek emperor Theophilus, v. 318.
Spain, the province of, described, i. 33. Great revenues raised from this pro- vince by the Romans, 153. Is ravaged by the Franks, 235.
-, review of the history of, iii. 251. Is invaded by the barbarous nations, 249. The invaders conquered by Wallia king of the Goths, 253. Successes of the Vandals there, 297. Expedition of Theodoric king of the Visigoths into, 376. The Christian religion received there, 447. Revolt and martyrdom of Hermenigild, 448. Persecution of the Jews in, 450. Legislative assemblies of,
Stephen, a freedman of Domitilla, assas- sinates the emperor Domitian, ii. 27. Stephen, count of Chartres, his character and engagement in the first crusade, v. 507. Deserts his standard, 529. Stephen, St. the first Christian martyr, mi- raculous discovery of his body, and the miracles worked by it, iii. 131. Stephen, the savage, sent by the Greek em- peror Justinian II. to exterminate the Chersonites, v. 19.
Stephen III. pope, solicits the aid of Pepin king of France, against the Lombards, under the character of St. Peter, v. 83. Crowns king Pepin, 90.
Stilicho, the great general of the Western empire under the emperor Honorius, his character, iii. 143. Puts to death Rufinus, the tyrannical præfect of the East, 146. His expedition against Alarie in Greece, 160. His diligent endeavours to check his progress in Italy, 166. De- feats Alaric at Pollentia, 168. Drives him out of Italy, 170. His triumph at Rome, 171. His preparations to op- pose the invasion of Radagaisus, 177. Reduces and puts him to death, 179. Supports the claims of Alaric in the Roman senate, 188. Is put to death at Ravenna, 190. His memory persecuted, 191.
Stoza, heads the revolted troops of the emperor Justinian in Africa, iv.
Strasburg, battle of, between Julian and the Alemanni, ii. 186. Successianus defends the Roman frontier against the Goths, i. 240.
Suevi, the origin and renown of, i. 235. Suicide applauded and pitied by the Ro- mans, iv. 300.
Sulpicius, Servius, was the highest im- prover of the Roman jurisprudence, iv.
Sultan, origin and import of this title of Eastern sovereignty, v. 462. Sumnat, description of the pagoda of, in Guzarat, and its destruction by Sultan Mahmud, v. 463.
Sun, the worship of, introduced at Rome by the emperor Elagabalus, i. 140. Was the peculiar object of the devotion of Constantine the Great, before his con- version, ii. 197. And of Julian after his apostacy, 331.
Susa, the city of, taken by Constantine the Great, i. 368.
Swatoslaus, czar of Russia, his reign, v. 438.
Swiss cantons, the confederacy of, how far similar to that of the ancient Franks, i. 235.
Sword of Mars, the sacred weapon of the Huns, history of, in. 314. Syagrius, king of the Franks and Burgun- dians, his character, iii. 456. Is con- quered by Clovis, 457.
Sylla, the dictator, his legislative charac- ter, iv. 294.
Syllanus, the consul, his speech to the se- nate, recommending the election of the two Gordians to their approbation, i. 168.
Sylvania, sister of the præfect Rufinus, her uncommon sanctity, iii. 148, note. Sylvanus, general in Gaul under Constan-
tius, is ruined by treachery, ii. 169. Sylverius, pope, is degraded and sent into exile by Belisarius for an attempt to betray the city of Rome to the Goths, iv. 142. His death, 206, note. Symmachus, his account of the pagan conformity of the emperor Constantius during his visit to Rome, ii. 286. Pleads in behalf of the ancient pagan religion of Rome, to the emperor Valentinian, iii. 114. Synesius, bishop of Ptolemais, excommu- nicates the president Andronicus, ii. His extraordinary character, ib. note. His advice to the Eastern empe- ror Arcadius, iii. 162. Synods, provincial, in the primitive church- es, institution of, i. 429. Nature of those assemblies, ii. 129. See Councils. Syria, its revolutions and extent, i. 38. Is reduced by Chosroes II. king of Per- sia, iv. 361. General description of, v. 226. Is conquered by the Saracens, Invasion of, by Tamerlane, vi.
Syriac language, where spoken in the greatest purity, i. 193, note. Syrianus, duke of Egypt, surprises the city of Alexandria, and expels Athana- sius the primate of Egypt, ii. 270.
Tabari, the Arabian historian, account of his work, v. 205, note.
Tabenne, the island of, in Upper Thebais is settled with monks, by Pachomius, iii. 418.
Table of Emerald, in the Gothic treasury in Spain, account of, iii. 242. Tacitus, emperor, his election and charac- ter, i. 283.
Tacitus the historian, his character of the principles of the portico, i. 84, note. The intention of his episodes, 183. His character as a historian, 197. His ac- count of the ancient Germans, 202. His history, how preserved and trans- mitted down to us, 283, nole. His ac- count of the persecution of the Chris- tians as the incendiaries of Rome, ii. 21.
Tactics of Leo and Constantine, character of, v. 335. Military character of the Greeks, 358.
Tagina, battle of, between the eunuch Narses, and Totila king of the Goths in Italy, iv. 221.
Taherites, the Saracen dynasty of, v.
Tamerlane, his birth, reign, and con- quests, vi. 200. His letter to Bajazet, 208. His conference with the doctors of the law, at Aleppo, 210. Defeats and takes Bajazet prisoner, 214. How kept out of Europe, 219. His triumph at Samarcand, 220. Dies on a march to China, 221. His character, 222. Tancred the crusader, his character, v. 509. His bold behaviour at Constanti- nople, 517.
Tarasius, secretary to the empress Irene, made patriarch of Constantinople, v. 97. Presides at, and frames the de- crees of, the second council of Nice, ib.
Tarik, the Arab, his descent on Spain, v. 265. Defeats and kills Roderic the Gothic king of, 266. His disgrace,
Tarragona, the city of, almost destroyed by the Franks, i. 235. Tartars. See Scythians. Tartary, Eastern, conquest of, by Tamer- lane, vi. 203.
Tatian, and his son Proculus, destroyed by the base arts of Rufinus, the confi- dential minister of the emperor Theo- dosius, iii. 138.
Taurus, the consul, is banished by the tribunal of Chalcedon, ii. 312. Taxes, how the Roman citizens were exonerated from the burden of, i. 153. Account of those instituted by Augus- tus, 155. How raised under Constan- tine the Great, and his successors, ii.
Tayef, siege of, by Mahomet, v. 176. Teias, the last king of the Goths, defeat- ed and killed by the eunuch Narses, iv. 224.
Telemachus, an Asiatic monk, loses his life at Rome, in an attempt to prevent the combat of the gladiators, iii. 172. Temple of Jerusalem burned, ii. 25. History of the emperor Julian's attempt to restore it, ii. 341. Temugin. See Zingis.
Tephrice is occupied and fortified by the Paulicians, v. 378.
Tertullian, his pious exultation in the ex- pected damnation of all the pagan world, 1. 414. Suggests desertion to Christian soldiers, 423, note. His sus- picious account of two edicts of Tibe- rius and Marcus Antonius, in favour of the Christians, ii. 42.
Testaments, the Roman laws for regula- ting, iv. 284. Codicils, 286. Tetricus assumes the empire in Gaul, at the instigation of Victoria, i. 272. Betrays his legions into the hands of Aurelian, ib. Is led in triumph by Aurelian, 280. Thabor, mount, dispute concerning the light of, vi. 161.
Thanet, the island of, planted by Vorti-
gern, as a settlement for his Saxon auxiliaries, iii. 492.
Theatrical entertainments of the Romans described, iii. 214.
Thebaan legion, the martyrdom of apo- cryphal, i. 52, note.
Theft, the Roman laws relating to, v. 289. 293. 396.
Themes, or military governments of the Greek empire, account of, v. 336. Themistius, the orator, his encomium on religious toleration, ii. 408. Theodatus, his birth and elevation to the throne of Italy, iv. 127.
ful treaties with the emperor Justinian, and revolt against them, 129. deposition and death, 133. Theodebert, king of the Franks in Aus- trasia, joins the Goths in the siege and destruction of Milan, iv. 146. Invades Italy, 147. His death, 148. Theodemir, a Gothic prince of Spain, copy of his treaty of submission to the Saracens, v. 270.
Theodora, empress, her birth, and early history, iv. 47. Her marriage with Justinian, 49. Her tyranny, 51. Her virtues, 52. Her death, 53. Her for- titude during the Nika sedition, 59.
Account of her palace and gardens of Heræum, 80. Her pious concern for the conversion of Nubia, 441. Theodora, wife of the Greek emperor Theophilus, her history, v. 30. Re- stored the worship of images, 180. Provokes the Paulicians to rebellion, 378.
Theodora, daughter of the Greek empe- ror Constantine IX. her history, v. 45. Theodora, widow of Baldwin III. king of Jerusalem, her adventures as the concubine of Andronicus Comnenus, v. 62.
Theodore Angelus, despot of Epirus, seizes Peter of Courtenay, emperor of Con- stantinople, prisoner, vi. 99. Possesses himself of Thessalonica, 100. Theodoric acquires the Gothic sceptre by the murder of his brother Torismond, ii. 375. His character by Sidonius, ib. His expeditions into Spain, 377. Theodoric, the son of Alaric, his prosper- ous reign over the Visigoths in Gaul, in. 340. Unhappy fates of his daugh- ters, 342. Is prevailed on by Etius to join his forces against Attila, 348. Is killed at the battle of Chalons, 353. Theodoric the Ostrogoth, his birth and edu cation, iv. 13. Is forced by his troops into a revolt against the emperor Zeno, 16. He undertakes the conquest of Italy, 18. Reduces and kills Odoacer,
20. Is acknowledged king of Italy, 21. Review of his administration, 22. His visit to Rome, and care of the public buildings, 29. His religion, 32. His remorse and death, 40.
Thedosiopolis, the city of, in Armenia, built, iii. 291.
Thedosius the Great, his distinction be- tween a Roman prince and a Parthian monarch, ii. 120, note. The province of Mæsia preserved by his valour, 460. Is associated by Gratian as empe- ror of the East, ii. 53. His birth and character, 54. His prudent and suc- cessful conduct of the Gothic war, 55. Defeats an invasion of the Ostrogoths, 60.
his treaty with Maximus, iii. 69. His baptism, and edict to establish or- thodox faith, 70. Purges the city of Constantinople from Arianism, 75. Enforces the Nicene doctrine through-
out the East, 76. Convenes a coun- 1 cil at Constantinople, 77. His edicts against heresy, 80. Receives the fu-
gitive family of Valentinian, and mar- ries his sister Galla, 91. Defeats Maxi- mus, and visits Rome, 92. His charac- ter, 93. His lenity to the city of An- tioch, 97. His cruel treatment of Thessalonica, 98. Submits to the pe- nance imposed by St. Ambrose, for his severity to Thessalonica, 100. Restores Valentinian, 103. Consults John of Lycopolis, the hermit, on the intended war against Eugenius, 106. Defeats Eugenius, 108. His death, 110. Pro- cured a senatorial renunciation of the pagan religion, 116. Abolishes pagan rites, 118. Prohibits the pagan religion, 125. Theodosius the Younger, his birth, iii. 281. Is said to be left by his father Arcadius, to the care of Jezdegerd king of Persia, 282. His education and character, 286. His marriage with Eudocia, ib. His war with Persia, 289. His pious joy on the death of John, the usurper of the West, 293. His treaty with the Huns, 312. His armies defeated by At- tila, 319. Is reduced to accept a peace dictated by Attila, 323. Is oppressed by the embassies of Attila, 326. bassy of Maximin to Attila, 328. Is privy to a scheme for the assassina- tion of Attila, 334. Attila's embassy to him on that occasion, 335. His death, 336.
His perplexity at the religious feuds between Cyril and Nestorius, iv. 399. Banishes Nestorius, 401.
Theodosius III. emperor of Constantino- ple, v. 21.
Theodosius, the father of the emperor, his successful expedition to Britain, ii. 443. Suppresses the revolt of Firmus the Moor, in Africa, 446. Is beheaded at Carthage, 448.
Theodosius, patriarch of Alexandria, his competition with Gaian, how decided, iv. 438. His negotiations at the court of Byzantium, 440.
Theodosius, the deacon, grandson of the emperor Heraclius, murdered by his brother Constans II., v. 17. Theodosius, the lover of Antonina, de-
tected by Belisarius, iv. 155. Turns monk to escape her, 157. His death, 158.
Theodosius, president of the council of Hierapolis, under Constantius, his ridi- culous flattery to the emperor, ii. 304. Theophano, wife of the Greek emperor Romanus II. poisons both him and his
father, v. 42. Her connexion with Ni- cephorus Phocas, ib. His murder and her exile, 44.
Theophilus, emperor of Constantinople, v. 32. His Amorian war with the ca- liph Motassem, 318.
Theophilus, archbishop of Alexandria, de stroys the temple of Serapis, and the Alexandrian library, iii. 122. Assists the persecution of St. Chrysostom, 278. His invective against him, 279,
Theophilus, his pious embassy from the emperor Constantius to the East Indies, ii. 216.
Theophobus, the Persian, his unfortunate history, v. 30.
Therapeuta, or Essenians, some account of, i. 442.
Thermopyla, the straits of, fortified by the emperor Justinian, iv. 32. Thessalonica, sedition and massacre there, iii. 98. Cruel treatment of the citizens, 99. Penance of Theodosius for his se- verity, 100.
Theudelinda, princess of Bavaria, married to Autharis king of the Lombards, iv. 324, 325.
Thibaul, count of Champagne, engages in the fourth crusade, vi. 57. Thomas the Cappadocian, his revolt against the Greek emperor Michael II. and cru- el punishment, v. 29. Thomas of Damascus, his exploits against the Saracens when besieging that city, v. 221.
Thomus, St. account of the Christians of, in India, iv. 431. Persecution of, by the Portuguese, 432.
Thrace is colonized by the Basternæ, in the reign of Probius, i. 299. The fugi- tive Goths permitted to settle there by the emperor Valens, iii. 30. Is ravaged by them, 36. The Goths settled there by Theodosius, 61.
Thrasimund, king of the Vandals, his cha racter, iii. 439.
Three Chapters, the famous dispute con- cerning, iv. 418.
Thundering Legion, the story concerning, of suspicious veracity, ii. 42. Tiberius is adopted by Augustus, i. 80. Reduces the Pannonians, 112. Reduces Cappadocia, 155, note. Suspicious sto- ry of his edict in favour of the Chris- tians, i. 398.
Tiberius is invested by Justin II. as his successor in the empire of the East, iv. 315. His character and death, 317.
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