513

Japanese debt, 375,000,000 yen: Revenues for cur-
rent year estimated at 53,275,000 yen; expenses
about the same; three-fourths of the revenue
derived from land tax; debt to be reduced each
year by payment of 20,000,000 yen.
Case of Frank Gasper: Trial requested by Japan-
ese Government for violation of railway regula
tions; case referred to Mr. Benson for action;
correspondence.

Case of Thomas Glass: Inquiring if the right to
decree deportation of Americans "convicted of
felony, or twice convicted of misdemeanors,"
exists.

LIBERIA.

514

518

328 Mr. Foster to Mr. Evarts.... Sept. 28

Oct. 6

The Secretary of the Treasury impeached: Sen-
tence of Payne for assault upon representatives.
President Gardner inaugurated.
Proceedings in impeachment trials
Arrival of bark Liberia with fifty-three immi-
grants, and two commissioners to select land for
colonies from Arkansas; missionary movements.

MEXICO.

Address of President Diaz at opening of Congress:
Peace prevails; frontier question discussed; for-
eign relations, otherwise, satisfactory; public
works and education questions.
Exactions upon Americans in Chihuahua: Prop-
erty seized; forced loans imposed; examinations
by governor unsatisfactory; reports of Consul
Scott; cases of MacManus & Sons; Muller;
Nordwald; Thomas N.Smith; and Walter Henry.
Oct. 27 Crossing into Mexico of Lieutenant Bullis and Col-
onel Shafter: Report of Mexican officers; strict
compliance with instructions of June 18, as to
crossing of frontier by our troops, ordered by
minister of war; Mexican legation at Washing-
ton instructed to protest.

525

527

531

339

Jan. 10
Jan. 17 The Ward expedition denounced as an invasion:
Co-operation of Mexican troops condemned by
press and government; officer in command to be
punished.

Mr. Evarts to Mr. Foster... Mar. 23 310 Mr. Richardson to Mr. Apr. Evarts.

May

2

Directing resumption of official relations.....
General Gonzales succeeds General Ogazon as
minister of war: The change a victory for the
radical revolutionary, or Tuxtepec party.
6 Address of President Diaz at opening of Congress:
Foreign relations peaceful; order maintained; a
system of general surveys instituted; questions
of finance, education, and public works dis-
cussed.

4 Foreign debt of Mexico, $130,000,000: Interest un-
paid for many years; value of bonds nominal;
no adjustment with creditors attempted; private
purchase in 1868 by Mexico of certain bonds, at
181 per cent.; some "Carbajal bonds" bought at
that time; recent private purchase of Spanish
convention debt, at 4 per cent. (See dispatches,
October 8, 9, 25.)

6 Present administration evinces earnest desire to
develop the country: Several public works un-
dertaken; the wagon-road from Tampico to San
Luis Potosi opened.

June 26

7 The amended constitution renders ineligible to
re-election to next succeeding term, the Presi-
dent of the republic, and the governors of States.
May 29 The railway question: Opposition to the Palmer-
Sullivan contracts likely to prevail; hostility
manifested to American corporations, or to con-
nection with the railway system of the United
States; speech of Mr. Chavero in Congress in
"opposition to American railways in Mexico."
June 17 Mr. Mata to be appointed minister for foreign
affairs: The frontier question the only serious
one before foreign office; no reason why an ami-
cable adjustment should not be reached.
Secret action of Senate respecting crossings of
frontier: Attacks of opposition press; moderate
article from "Monitor Republicano" respecting
relations with United States; "reciprocal cross-
ing" thought to be "inadmissible.'
July 15 Mexico to protest against crossing of frontier:
Negotiations may be affected; the Mackenzie-
Shafter expedition complained of as a violation
of territory; American position restated by
Mr. Foster; the June 1, 1877, order cannot be
withdrawn until frontier question is settled; the
United States will accord to, what she asks of,
Mexico; obligations to be reciprocal; denial en-
tered that Americans raid into Mexico, and
proofs asked; the experience of President Diaz
illustrates difficulty of suppressing revolution-
ary movements upon frontier.

543

544

545

548

549

549

550

552

553

555

349

1878. Mr. Foster to Mr. Evarts... July 17

Aug.

352......do

353

The extradition of Dominguez and Barrera, charged
with murder: Judgment of Supreme Court;
opinions of Magistrates Ramirez and Bautista
against extradition, and of Señor Vallarta in
favor of granting it; citizens may be extradited
in the discretion of the government.

Aug. 3 Diaz party successful in election: No real expres-
sion of public opinion; voting usually confined
to government party; the other parties look to
revolution; election methods; party divisions.
6 Excitement respecting frontier relations, and Gen-
eral Ord's visit to Washington: Government
bitterly attacked by opposition press; Mata-
Foster correspondence thought to presage war.
8 Unhappy influence of divisions in liberal party:
The institutions of the country threatened by
party recklessness.

Aug.

Mr. Evarts to Mr. Foster.... Aug. 13 Frontier relations unchanged: No effective steps

taken by Mexico to check raids; action delayed;
marauders unpunished; criminals rarely extra-
dited: conceding the disposition, the ability of
Mexico to maintain order upon the frontier is
questioned: the United States compelled to pro-
tect its own frontier: American troops do not
invade Mexico, they repel invasion from Mexico:
[see Mr. Foster's dispatch September 19.]

354 Mr. Foster to Mr. Evarts.... Oct. 15 Restrictions upon ownership of realty by foreign.

ers: Especial limitations as to ownership in
frontier States.

560

567

570

571

572

575

Aug. 15
Aug. 22

576

Arrest of Thomas Walsh, W. W. Camp, and Rafael
Andrete, Americans, at Nueva Laredo, for refusal
to perform military service: Protest of Commer
cial Agent Haynes; Mexico to investigate sub-
ject; correspondence in case.

Sept. 3 The firing upon the flag of Consul Sutter at
Acapulco, May, 1877: Regret expressed by Mex-
ico; firing unintentional; by whose order un-
known; officer commanding fort at time to be
tried; correspondence in case.

Sept. 7 Mexican treasury embarrassed: Officials unpaid;
Supreme Court makes issue respecting payment
of salaries: smuggling generally prevalent;
"honest commerce" endangered: army dissatis-
fied; several attempts at revolution; Jalapa re-
volt most serious; its suppression.

Sept. 7 Mexican publications upon frontier relations: Ex-
pedition against Lipans to punish them for dep-
redations upon Mexicans; Kickapoos protected
by Mexico; report of Mr. Escalante, Mexican
consul in Arizona, disproves charge that Ameri-
can Indians raid into Sonora; the United States
will recapture refugee Indians if permitted by
Mexico; Governor Mariscal favors "reciprocal
crossing"; Kickapoos, as well as Lipans, raid
from Chihuahua and Coahuila; [see dispatch Oc-
tober 7.]

360 Mr. Evarts to Mr. Foster.... Sept. 11

361

......do

362

The murder of Walter Henry: Seizure of his mer-
chandise; subject must be investigated by Mex-
ico, and participants punished; Mr. Schuch-
ardt's reports.

Sept. 14 Same subject: Further information as to murder
and robbery of Henry; customs authorities
thought to be implicated; the punishment of
offenders to be taken as measure of Mexico's
ability to enforce law and protect life and prop-
erty on frontier.

Mr. Foster to Mr. Evarts.... Sept. 19 Frontier question: Mr. Mata's reply to Mr. Evarts'

instruction of August 13; the revocation of the
Ord order condition precedent to agreement
as to "reciprocal crossing"; extradition ques-
tion discussed.

363 Mr. Evarts to Mr. Foster... Sept. 20 Raids from direction of Ximenes under lead of

364 Mr. Foster to Mr. Evarts... Sept. 20

Sept. 23

Case of Gustave Sommer, naturalized citizen: Ap-
plication for matriculation based upon State De-
partment passport, refused; Mexico holds that
in cases of naturalized citizens, naturalization
papers are the only evidence to citizenship re-
ceivable; Mr. Foster holds that State Depart-
ment passport as evidence to citizenship, may
not be impeached; applications for matriculation
suspended until question is decided.
Mexican troops to make campaign in Coahuila:
Funds deposited to meet expenses; the Execu
tive earnest in movement to suppress Indian
depredations; civil-service officials unpaid for
August.

4 Co-operation of alcalde of Las Vacas in recovery
of stolen Texas cattle.

Oct. 5

Oct.

8

Raids of Areola: Unsettled condition of frontier
called to attention of Mexico. (See instruction,
September 20.)

7 Mexico informed that American Indians depredat-
ing will be punished, unless protected by Mex-
ico: Mr. Escalante's report communicated to
Mexico; not yet published; rumored murders
in Chihuahua probably work of protected refu-
gee Indians. (See dispatch, September 7.)
Mexican debt held in United States: "Woodhouse
bonds repudiated; "Corlis-Carbajal" bonds
recognized; total issue outstanding, $1,438,000;
security, pledge of revenues; Mexico's necessi
ties compel use of fund for current expenses;
private purchase of bonds by Mexico. (See dis-
patch, May 4.)

9

8 Foreign debt, $131,914,665: Created by issue of
bonds, discounts, claims, overdue interest; Eng-
lish debt of 1823, netted, $11,800,000; present
aggregate, $88,846,305; entire customs revenue
pledged to pay interest; owing to current neces-
sities, to revolution, and foreign wars, pledge
violated.
The Zamacona commercial meeting in Chicago:
Letter to Chicago manufacturers; trade rela-
tions discussed as to; means of communication;
need of direct railway between City of Mexico
and Rio Grande; hostility to idea of connection
with American railway system; transportation
companies to be Mexican; no payment of sub-
sidy possible; no pledge of customs revenue of
value; tariff almost prohibitory; state as well
as national duties imposed; trade regulations
imperfect; no bonded system; excessive contra-
band trade; unsettled condition of country;
debt and finances. (See dispatches, May 4 and
29, August 3, September 7, October 8 and 15.)
Abolition of Zona Libre discussed: Its establish-
ment by State government, although unconstitu-
tional, approved by Congress as a measure of
hostility to American commerce; action as to
abolition postponed.

Oct. 14

Oct.

15 Relative peace prevails: Religious and political
outbreak at Atzala, in State of Puebla; Catho-
lics attack Protestants; 27 of latter killed;
gloomy views of press as to future of Mexico;
dictatorship discussed; alternative proposition,
to extend term of President Diaz, and increase
his power; contraband trade active; treasury
receipts and disbursements; payment of salaries
postponed; international exposition in 1879 pro-
posed; Congress in session.

25 Contraband trade conducted through Gulf ports
as well as across Zona Libre; treasury embar-
rassed; customs revenue falling off; officials un-
paid; increased taxation; apprehensions of revo-
lution.

28 No action taken respecting protest as to discrimi
nating bounty granted by Yucatan on hemp
exported to Europe.

29 The double standard: Gold driven out of circula-
tion by silver; silver unlimited legal-tender; its
decline in London unfavorable to Mexico; ex-
change 22 per cent. premium; removal of export
duty on silver recommended."

377

378

379

1877.

Mr. de Cuella to Mr. Evarts Dec. 4 Protesting against the Shafter-Bullis expeditions as a violation of Mexican territory.

1878. Mr. Seward to Mr. de Cuella. Jan. 3

664

668

Mr. de Cuella to Mr. Evarts. Apr. 27 Cases of Mieto and Bativerrez; arrested in Mexico

under extradition treaty, through aid of local
magistrate; conveyed secretly into Texas by
Sheriff' Cabe.

395 Mr. Birney to Mr. Evarts... Oct.

11 Proceedings of the "International Workingmen's
Association," and the "Socialist Congress," at
Verviers and Ghent: Their platform, the aboli-
tion of private ownership of property, and of ex-
isting forms of society, and the union of the peo-
ple into federations of laborers; their object to
be attained through a series of revolutions; its
difficulty of accomplishment recognized; alli-
ances to be made with all associations or parties
hostile to existing systems; the workingmen's
party of the United States in association and
correspondence with the socialist party of
Europe, with same plan of action, and same
ultimate aim.

The law of wills, and of the custody and distri-
bution of estates: The law of 1852, under which
estates are settled, provides for escheatal of es-
tates in hands of commissioners after five years
from date of publication of second six months'
notice of estate: numerous American claim-
ants without exact data as to the estates which
they claim.

6 Invitation to monetary conference given
2 Invitation accepted...

694

696

700 700

1