During the reign of James I. the display of pageantry | fairest, and most fortunate of all creatures should, by on Lord Mayor's Day considerably increased, both on her first step, make the foundations staid, and by the land and water, for it was not uncommon to place sea-glance of her eyes make the turret steady;" that his chariots, with Neptune and other characters in them, fellow-porters, "thinking there could be none so noble, upon the Thaines, to address the mayor before going fell on sleep. .. Mark, how they look, more like to Westminster. Middleton's pageant, The Triumphs posts than porters, retaining only their shapes, but of Truth,' 1613, describes "five islands, artfully gar- deprived of senses. And now it is: for the nished with all manner of Indian fruit-trees, drugges, music is at an end, this house immoveable, your virtue spiceries, and the like; the middle island having a immortal. O miracle of time, nature's glory, fortune's faire castle, especially beautified," the whole intended empress, the world's wonder!" In the course of the as an emblem of the Grocers' Company (of which body following days she was entertained by similar adthe mayor was a member), their East Indian trade, and dresses from a pilgrim, a wild man, and an angler. On recently-erected forts there. These islands, upon his the 20th she "dined in the privy walks in the garden, return, figure in the show by land, being placed on and the lords and ladies at a table forty-eight yards wheels, and having one of the five senses (personated long. In the evening the country-people presented by children) seated on each of them. The other pa- themselves to her Majesty in a pleasant dance, with geants exhibited on this occasion, and the various tabor and pipe, and the Lord Montague and his lady impersonations displayed, had all some reference to among them, to the great pleasure of all the beholders, morality and good government. Thus the first cha- and gentle applause of her Majesty." On the 21st she racter who attends at Baynard's Castle to receive the left for Chichester. Cowdray is now, and has long mayor on his return from Westminster is Truth's at- been, a deserted ruin. tendant angel, accompanied by his champion, Zeal, who conduct him to Paul's Chain, where they are met by Envy and Error in a triumphant chariot, who propose to the mayor to—

"Join together both in state and triumph,

And down with beggarly and friendless Virtue, That hath so long impoverish'd this fair city." They are, however, put to flight for a time by Truth, who approaches in her chariot, and conducts the mayor to" London's Triumphant Mount," the great feature of the day's show. It is veiled by a fog or mist, cast over it by Error's disciples, Barbarism, Ignorance, Impudence, and Falsehood, four monsters with clubs, who sit at each corner. At the cominand of Truth," the mists vanish and give way; the cloud suddenly rises, and changes into a bright spreading canopy, stuck thick with stars, and beams of gold shooting forth round about it." In the midst sits London, attended by Religion, Liberality, Perfect Love, Knowledge, and Modesty; while at the back sit Chastity, Fame, Simplicity, and Meekness. After a speech from London, the whole triumph moves in richest glory towards the Cross in Cheap," where Error again causes his mist to enshroud it, which is again removed by Truth, a manœuvre of the machinist which is frequently repeated during the passage to Guildhall and back to the service at St. Paul's, where it was always customary for the mayor to attend after dinner, going in full procession with all the pageants; and when service was over, he retired to his own house, where farewell speeches were addressed to him, in this instance, by London and Truth; Zeal, at the command of the latter, finishing the day's show by shooting a flame at the chariot of Error, which sets it on fire, and all the beasts that are joined to it.

[To be continued.]

At Chichester she remained some days, but the account of her reception has been lost. Thence she proceeded by Petworth and Stanstead to Portsmouth, to which place ale was sent from Guildford for her use. Thence to Titchfield House, the seat of the Earl of Southampton, and then to the town of Southampton, where also ale was sent from Guildford: were Southampton and Portsmouth unable to produce ale sufficiently good for her drinking? or was Guildford celebrated for its ale, as Alton is now? On the 13th of September she was at Sir Henry Wallop's, at Farley near Basing; and on the 20th at Odiham, at both of which places she was magnificently entertained, but there are no records of the proceedings.

On the same day, the 20th, she arrived at Elvetham, the scat of the Earl of Hertford, who received her "with his train well mounted, to the number of two hundred and upwards, and most of them wearing chains of gold about their necks." But as Elvethani was "none of the earl's chief mansion-houses," he had had to make preparations for her reception. First, there was made a room of estate for the nobles, and at the end thereof a withdrawing place for her Majesty. The outsides of the walls were all covered with boughs and clusters of ripe hazel-nuts, the insides with arras, the roof of the place with works of ivy-leaves, the floor with sweet herbs and green rushes. Near adjoining unto this were many offices new built, as namely, spicery, larder, chaundry, wine-cellar, ewry, and pantry, all of which were tiled. Not far off was erected a large hall, for the entertainment of knights, ladies, and gentlemen of chief account. There was also a several place for her Majesty's footmen and their friends. Then was there a long bower for her Majesty's guards; another for other servants of her Majesty's house; another for my lord's steward, to keep his table in; another for his gentlemen that waited. Most of these foresaid rooms were furnished with tables, and the tables carried twenty-three yards

PROGRESSES OF QUEEN ELIZABETH.-XII. in length. Moreover on the same hill, there was

1591-1592.

COWDRAY, ELVETHAM, RYCOT, &c.

On the 15th of August Queen Elizabeth left Farnham for Cowdray, where she was sumptuously entertained by the Lord Montague, and remained till the 21st. She arrived there about eight at night; her first appearance was hailed by loud music, which at her entrance suddenly ceased, while a personage in armour, standing between two porters carved in wood, received her with a speech in which he said "it was a prophecy since the first stone was laid, that these walls should shake, and the roof totter, till the wisest, the

risen 2 great common buttery; a kitchen-house; a large pastry with five ovens new built, some of them fourteen feet deep; a great kitchen, with four ranges, and a boiling-place for small boiled meats; another kitchen with a very long range, for the waste, to serve all comers; a boiling-house for the great boiler; a room for the scullery; another room for the cook's lodging. Some of these were covered with canvas, and other some with boards. Between the earl's house and foresaid hill, where these rooms were raised, there had been made in the bottom, by handy labour, a goodly pond, cut to the perfect figure of a half-moon. In this pond were three notable grounds,

"This way cometh the Queen of this island, the wonder of the world, and nature's glory, leading affections in fetters, virginity's slaves: embracing mildness with justice, Majesty's twins. In whom nature hath imprinted beauty, not art painted it; in whom wit hath bred learning, but not without labour; labour brought forth wisdom, but not without wonder. By her it is (Pan) that all our carts that thou seest are laden with corn, when in other countries they are filled with harness (armour); that our horses are led with a whip, theirs with a lance; that our rivers flow with fish, theirs with blood; our cattle feed on pastures, they feed on pastures like cattle. One hand she stretcheth towards France, to weaken rebels; the other to Flanders, to strengthen religion: her heart to both countries, her virtues to all. This is she at whom envy hath shot all her arrows; and now for anger brake her bow; on whom God hath laid all his blessings, and we for joy clap our hands. Heedless Treason goeth headless, and close treachery restless. Danger looketh pale to behold her majesty; and Tyranny blusheth to hear of her mercy. Jupiter came into the house of poor Baucis, and she vouchsafeth to visit the base farms of her subjects. We, upon our knees, will entreat her to come into the valley, that our houses may be blessed with her presence, whose hearts are filled with quietnass by her government. To her we wish as many years as our fields have ears of corn, both infinite; and to her enemies, as many troubles as the wood hath leaves, all intolerable."

"Item, I bequeath to your Highness the whole Manor of Love, and the appurtenances thereunto belonging, viz. :—

"Woods of high attempts,

Groves of humble service,
Meadows of green thoughts
Pastures of feeding fancies,
Arable land of large promises,
Rivers of ebbing and flowing favours,

don. Here she was received by an "old gentleman,
sometime a soldier," with a speech, in which he said,
"My horse. my armour, my shield, my sword, the
riches of a young soldier, and an old soldier's reliques,
I should here offer to your Highness; but my four boys
have stolen them from me, vowing themselves to arms,
and leaving me to my prayers. . . . This is their reso-
lution, and my desire, that their lives be employed
wholly in your service, and their deaths be their vow's
sacrifice." This is a compliment very happily ex-
pressed. The old man's specch concludes: "Vouch-
safe this trifle (a fair gown); and with this my heart,
the greatest gift I can offer, and the chiefest that I
ought." On the Sunday four messengers from the
four sons are represented as arriving, bringing letters
and presents. The first from Ireland, with a dart of
gold, set with diamonds, and the motto, in Irish, “I
fly only for my sovereign." The second messenger
brought a key from Flanders, with this motto in Dutch,
"I only open to you." The third letter inclosed a
sword from France, with the motto in French, “Drawn
only in your defence;" and the fourth from Spain,
with a truncheon, and the Spanish motto, "I do not
command but under you." The presents were all of
gold, like the first, and set with diamonds and rubies.
There is nothing to notice in the letters. On her de-
parture a messenger from Jersey presented her with a
daisy of gold set with rubies, bidding her farewell.
This was her last Progress during the year.

In the same month, as we have already mentioned, Swallows. In no part of natural history has there been a more the Queen spent two days at Quarendon, and here also absurd or generally received opinion than that of swallows winwere exhibited masques for her entertainment, con- tering in the mud. It was the Norway bishop Pontoppidan who trived to assure her of the unbounded devotion of the first set that notion afloat in the world, and he only reported it brave old knight to her person and service. The latter from the fishermen, who assured him that they frequently drew part consisted of a narrative, by a character represent-up great bunches of swallows from the bottom of the lakes there. ing a chaplain, of the sickness, recovery, and at length The swallow leaves the green meadows of England in autumu, the apparent death of a knight devoted to the Queen, for the myrtle and orange groves of Italy, and for the palms of and concluding with his will. The Queen's arrival Africa. Swallows have been seen crossing the Mediterranean in recovers the knight from his trance, but he confirms they fly renders any exploit by them on the wing credible autumn towards the African shores. The celerity with which the will and legacy. The legacy is certainly a singular enough. The flight of birds generally may be estimated at from collection of fantastic conceits. fifty to one hundred and twenty miles an hour. It is remarkable that all migratory birds, when detained in captivity, manifest great agitation when the period of their migration arrives, insomuch that some of them, the quail in particular, occasionally kill themselves in their efforts to escape. This agitation is always greatest at night, proving, together with observation, that birds generally commence their flight at that time. The swallow lives no longer under water than other birds, that is, a few minutes; and yet there are plenty of people, and some even of great names as naturalists, who, in spite of that fact, will still perversely believe that swallows winter in the mud at the bottom of ponds and rivers, and all because we do not happen to know the precise kinds of latitude in Africa where they go to. They might with as much probability say the same of any other migratory bird; but then they have the authority of celebrated men for ages, from Pontoppidan down to Derham and Linnæus, and above all the great Cuvier. Not one of these authors had ever seen a swallow that had been drawn from the mud; and in Germany, once, a On the 4th September the Queen was in Bath, and reward of an equal weight in silver was publicly offered to any at this time also she visited her godson Sir John Har- one who should produce swallows found under water; but, as rington, at his house at Kilweston. Thence she proFrisch informs us, nobody ever claimed the money. Notwithceeded to Gloucestershire, where she first visited and standing that, Mudie says that persons of great probity made knighted John Higford of Alderton; but the object of asseverations and affidavits of the fact, and the friends of the laher progress was Sudeley Castle, where she was mag-him the identical birds that had wintered under the ice, but borious and accurate Reaumur promised that they would send nificently entertained by Giles, Lord Chandos. somehow or other not one of them ever kept their word with him; Masques, speeches, verses, and songs were provided and when they were pressed, it turned out that, like the beholder for her amusement, but offer nothing peculiar for se- of ghosts, they had not actually seen them themselves, but had lection. She remained several days at Sudeley, arriv- been assured of the fact by other eye-witnesses, who were every ing on the 12th; on leaving Sudeley she proceeded to way as worthy of credit. Our own able anatomist, John Hunter, Oxford, which she reached on the 22nd, staying, how- says, he esteems it a very wild opinion, that terrestrial animals ever, a day or two at Woodstock. Of her reception at cau remain any long time under water without drowning, and Oxford an account is given in page 147. On the 28th that their internal anatomy is wholly different from that of the she left Oxford for Rycot, the seat of Lord Norreys, frog and other amphibious animals. now the property of his descendant the Earl of Abing

Fishing for dainty kisses with smiling countenances, Hawking to spring pleasures with the spaniels of kindness, Hunting that dear game which repentance followeth ;" with many more, which, if not felt to be tedious then, we fear could not fail to be so now, and we therefore refrain.