extent, by supplying this furnace, as the other two are supplied, with a box air-conductor; but this alone would not be sufficient, for the very reason that the court room and offices are too closely associated with the prisoners' apartments to be freed from their effluvia. And the proposed removal of the court and county officials to the adjoining new building is a necessity and a wise sanitary procedure, well calculated to abate this old-time nuisance of basement prisons in conjunction with public and, at times, crowded rooms overhead.

Attention was directed, by complaints, to the condition of the city's two largest halls. The first, Wildy's Hall, was found to be very defective in its water-closet arrangement, and Morgan's Hall had broken bell-traps under the streets. The promise of abatement of the respective nuisances was obtained in each of these cases.

The schools were closely inspected, and, for the sake of brevity, the result will here be given with reference only to the sanitary defects found. And as the water-supply for all the schools, excepting two in the Eighth ward, is obtained from the city reservoir, the only fact that need be mentioned in connection with this hydrant-water, is the universal use of bell-pipes to receive the waste-water, &c., which is certainly not sufficient, in the absence of the running drain-traps.

FIRST DISTRICT.-(1) Cooper School.—The underdrainage or sewerage is flushed by roof and yard rain-waters, and is fairly well arranged, and is deficient only in not having a small flush-tank as a protection in a dry season.

(2) North-East School.-Heated by steam through pipes well arranged. This school is the only one in the city thus heated, and is decidedly superior to all others. In fact, the portable heaters used in the schools are not provided with air-box conductors, and receive the air to be heated and distributed from the cellar, which, in some of the schools, is very deleterious, on account of the dampness and poorly ventilated condition of the cellar air.

The principal defect found here is the imperfect underdraining of the large privy-well in the yard, mainly on account of the drain-pipes entering the well too far above its bottom, and thus allowing a retention of from 12 to 15 inches of focal matter in the well at all times. (3) George Genge School.-Light; ample, but not well-directed in two of the rooms.

Of the two large privy-wells in the yard, one was found partially filled with board and planking debris and very imperfectly underdrained.

SECOND DISTRICT.-(4) E. A. Stevens' School.-This cellar floor is not properly cemented, and objectionable on account of one of the four heaters in the cellar being a portable, and supplied with air directly from above the floor.

(5) Central School.-Heat ample, and supplied by four portable heaters; the cellar air, however, is not as objectionable as the preceding. Cellar well cemented.

THIRD DISTRICT (6) Richard Fetter's School.-On account of privy-well in yard not having sewer connection, and the presence of a fœcal odor in the building mornings on opening, there is good reason for believing this drain not properly trapped. Indeed, the only evidence of any trapping of this underdrain was in the finding of belltraps under hydrants in yard, and the traps of two water-closets in building. The rain-water conductors run into the drains and flushed them, and received the washbasin waste-water, also; each not supplied with any trapping, and it is no doubt due to this fact that the noxious odors are detected in the building. A running trap between the building and culvert is essential here, in addition to bell-trapping and S bending of all waste-water pipes.

(7) Isaac S. Mulford School.─Similar to Fetter's school, excepting odors in building not so easily perceived and yard not well graded. Broken bell-traps in both schools repaired during vacation.

(8) Kaighn School.-Light and heat sufficient; ventilation not sufficient. Odors prevalent in this building at times, owing to bad drainage. The two hydrant drains in yard were found choked. The water-closet in building not well flushed, and the drain-pipe in yardwell about one foot above its bottom. This drain needs overhauling.

FOURTH DISTRICT-(9) Liberty School.-Is in fair sanitary condition, and its method of underdrainage is worthy of adoption by all the other schools, especially in the construction of the yard-well, which really is the only properly-constructed privy-well in the yards of the city schools, it being a trough closet. Unfortunately, however, this drainage is run into one of the worst culvert systems in this city. Vide Tenth street culvert.

FIFTH DISTRICT-(10) John W. Mickle School.-The supply of water for this school has heretofore been taken from the dead-level of a water-pipe, but is now being corrected. A peculiar feature of the underdrainage of this building is that all drains are conducted into a large cesspool and privy-well in the back yard, which in turn is cleansed only every few years.

(11) Central Avenue School.-This is a small school of two rooms situated in the Eighth ward, and is quite primitive in its appointments. Light ample, though not well directed; heat, by ordinary coal stoves in each room; ventilation, by means of windows and doors only. The water-supply is taken from a pump-well in rear of building, which well is only fifteen feet distant from two privy-wells, which privies are only six feet deep, brick lined, but planted in such loose soil as to render their close proximity to the water-well very dangerous. The privies are cleansed every few years, but no method of cleansing can save the water from contamination.

SIXTH DISTRICT (12) Mount Vernon School.-Light is sufficient, but not well directed. Heat obtained from two large brick heaters in cellar, is ample but is unwholesome for the reason that the heater air is obtained directly from the cellar, in which from January 1st to April 15th, this year, there was nearly two feet of water; often sufficient to put out the fires in the heaters. There are no waterclosets in this building, and the two large privy-wells in the yard are underdrained into the Broadway culvert. This drain should be utilized for the drainage of the cellar of water, and it is possible nothing short of a culvert on Mount Vernon street will relieve this school of its very bad drainage, for this street is unpaved and the gutters are very filthy and offensive; and further, the culvert is now too far distant (half square) for an ordinary drain to keep the cellar dry, and run off all waste waters with the privy debris and other waters of the premises. (13) Ferry Avenue School. This school, like primitive Central avenue school, is beyond the limits of city water-supply and the culvert systems. Light good; ventilation by window and door only; heat obtained from coal stoves in each room; water is supplied from a pump-well eighteen feet deep in rear yard, about thirty-five feet distant from nearest privy-well. The water tastes very badly and is charged with visible organic debris. The odor of the water was far worse than the taste, i. e., nauseous. This place is all surface-drained, and the four box-frame privy-wells in yard were in foul condition. The cellar is poorly ventilated and needed cleansing.

The ventilation of the schools, when not mentioned in above report, is by means of flues and windows. The flues have communication with rooms by means of small registers, and are not by any means reliable without the aid of some force in displacing the cold air in them by an upward current; and the best force is conceded to be

steam when steam is employed for heating purposes. There is but one school thus heated in Camden, and by its efficiency and superiority is worthy of adoption in all the other large schools.

Another ill-advised feature to be met with in our schools is the custom of rough plastering or sanding the walls of rooms and corridors. It is a means of arresting dust and dirt, and far inferior in cleanliness and purity to the smooth or whitewashed walls.

A reference to the sectional report, as just given, will show, however, that the most sanitary defects are found in the drainage of schools. A radical reconstruction in conformity with the principles of sanitary drainage is urgently needed. Here, even more important than in the drainage of private houses, are the services of a sanitary engineer, or, at least, a skilled sanitary inspector, needed in supervising the building of all drains. The importance of sanitary plumbing need not be discussed here, but the importance of supervision must be emphasized, for the double reason of insuring good work to the builder and the public, and protecting the honest and really skillful plumber from unjust and unworkmanlike competition.

The number of children of a schoolable age is thirteen thousand seven hundred and seventy (census 1884), nearly all of whom are accommodated in our schools; and some of the larger schools are capable of seating nearly one thousand pupils.

In addition to the above, the inspection included the West Jersey Orphanage (18 inmates), and the Children's Home (25 inmates), and the result was favorable in each case, excepting a large drain, in the yard of the Home, emptying into the playground of the children, contiguous to the building, all the refuse and waste-water of the building. It was at once agreed to remedy this defect, by extending the drain into a cesspool farther from the building.

E-SLAUGHTER-HOUSES AND DISEASES OF ANIMALS.-An ordinance relating to the slaughtering of animals was enacted by the city council June 3d, 1850, which prohibited the killing of cattle, sheep, swine and other animals within city limits; prohibiting, also, the depositing of entrails within city limits, punishable by fine, imprisonment, or both. The section of this ordinance relating to killing of animals is a dead-letter. I have visited and inspected eight large slaughter-houses, where killing, &c., is done without intermission, winter and summer, and in this city there are about twelve to fifteen

more where butchering is done in winter only. Of the eight inspected, five were found well under-sewered, two under-drained imperfectly, and one surface-drained into a large cesspool, which, however, is frequently cleansed. All of them were supplied with city water, excepting two; one in suburbs with pump-water, and one in city with driven-well. As to the method of the disposal of animal remains, the hides, fat, bones, &c., is sold to the tallow renderers, and the offal carted daily to the country customers, for use as hog feed or mixed in compost heaps. The summer butchering includes cattle, sheep and hogs (and in one establishment, I am loath to include, sick cows and bob-veal). An abattoir is a great city need.

The diseases of animals is a subject which receives the studious attention of the local State veterinary inspector.

Dead animals are usually carted outside of city limits and buried, or sold to the bone-boilers. The small animals are, however, the most troublesome, and dogs and cats, or chickens are frequently found upon vacant lots or alleyways, and require burial under the direction of our sanitary committee.

F-CEMETERIES.-There are but two burial grounds used within eity limits, i. e. Camden cemetery, in the Seventh ward, at a safe distance from the built-up portions of the city, and Evergreen ceme tery, in the eastern section of the Eighth ward, and well isolated. There are other and smaller burial grounds connected with a few churches in the city, but are not now used for new burials, and a finely-kept ground adjoining the Camden cemetery, known as the Friends' burial ground.

Both cemeteries are well taken care of by the keepers; the graves are six to seven feet deep, excepting in the section where the city poor are buried, where a depth of four to five feet is considered sufficient. Graves are sometimes re-opened for new burials in them, but as a rule the graves are never disturbed where the occupants have died of a contagious or infectious disease.

G-REFUSE AND GARBAGE.-The disposal of house refuse is not governed by any specific ordinance, for the subject-matter is mentioned only in the general sanitary or Board of Health ordinance, wherein the refuse and garbage is prohibited by fine from being deposited on vacant lots, streets and alleyways.