6.

II.

relation to a town, as street;

7. surnames of people you know;

8. feelings, actions, or powers, as love, growth,

memory;

9. qualities of persons, as kindness;

10. good or bad character, as thief;

11.

12.

Indian origin, as Mississippi;

surnames telling something about the first persons who used them, as Smith.

Oral: Discuss number twelve, and rearrange it, clas

sifying into four parts, showing:

1. occupation, as Baker, Wagner (wagoner), Naylor;

location, or estate, as Atwood, Field;

3. personal peculiarity, or an event, as Longfellow;

NOTE: Each one of you should begin now the keeping of a wordbook, in which you may preserve in permanent form your studies upon words. A notebook has been prepared for this purpose, called Pupil's Wordbook, or Helper Number One. The pages are ruled specially for these exercises. If you do not procure one of these, get a blankbook, and with your teacher's assistance rule it. from day to day, as the exercises demand. Put into your wordbook the work assigned to it. Always copy work into your wordbooks only after careful corrections, based upon approval by your teacher or discussion in class.

III.

Written

Copy into the pages provided for this purpose in your wordbooks the corrected results obtained from

32

Add new names as found

own

the work of Exercises I and II. from time to time, keeping Exercise II well classified. IV. 1. Written: List the Indian names of State, with the meaning of each. Copy these upon the page provided in your wordbooks.

2.

Oral:

your

Oral: Discuss these in class, considering which are the most musical in sound and the most beautiful in meaning.

ROSES' SONG

Softly sinking through the snow,
To our winter rest we go,
Underneath the snow to house
Till the birds be in the boughs,

And the boughs with leaves be fair,
And the sun shines everywhere.

Softly through the snow we settle,
Little snowdrops press each petal.
Oh, the snow is kind and white,—
Soft it is, and very light;

Soon we shall be where no light is,
But where sleep is, and where night is,-
Sleep of every wind unshaken,

Till our Summer bids us waken.

Philip Bourke Marston.

YOUR OWN NAMES

Nearly all children, whether grown up or not, like to know the meaning of their own names. They usually like also to know what forms their names have in other languages. For this reason, we shall spend a little time in studying Christian, or given, names.

The shortened form of your first name, often ending in ie or y, is called a diminutive, or nickname. The better term is diminutive; for we also use nickname with a very different meaning. Diminutives are usually shortened forms used as family or pet names, and are not always suitable for general use. Nicknames are given most often outside one's own family, and are not always complimentary. However, we all would like to be known by such a nickname as "Honest Abe," or by that given to Alfred the Great, "England's Darling."

Fashions prevail in giving names as well as in most other things. Sometimes a new and popular book or play makes an odd name fashionable for a while. Once used, it is almost sure to be repeated.

At one time it was customary to bestow upon babies the diminutive form of a name. At present it is again more common to use the formal and dignified full names, reserving diminutives for the most intimate and personal use of one's dearest friends. So we find now again everywhere the exact and beautiful old names used by our great-grandparents.

34

oldest

or

son

It is also customary now to give a boy as first name some surname that belongs in the family of his father mother. Especially common is it to find an In some families, the called by his mother's surname. mother's surname is used as a middle name by all the children. This custom has many conveniences, but is not in general use.

We have adopted into our English speech the Christian names of nearly every known tongue. To show you how many forms a name may take, I have selected one for consider in detail.

you

to

Carolus

Carlo

Carlos

Charles

German

Carl or Karl

REMARKS: The name Charles has been borne by many emperors, kings, and princes, thruout the countries of Europe. Greatest of these was the famous emperor Charlemagne (Charles the Great) or Charles I of France.

The name Charles also belongs to a river in Massachusetts which has been made especially famous by the great writers living near its banks. See Longfellow's poem to the River Charles.

Here you have five names all coming from the old German Charles. But this is not all, for each of these names has a form for women; so that we get also the names Caroline, Carlotta, Carlota, and Charlotte. If you turn to Common English Christian Names in the dictionary, you will find the. various forms for the names Caroline and Charlotte, each of which is used as widely as is Charles. The diminutives Carrie, Caddie, Lottie, and Lina are all used more or less also, so you

will find in all about a dozen names for women growing out of this one name Charles.

Altho not all of us have names as beautiful in meaning as Charles and its derivatives, still, every one may make his own name mean all good things to the friends who think of him by it. Some men have given a good or a bad name to all who are like them. If I say, "Better be an Andre than an Arnold," you understand me as well as if I should say, "Better die a patriot than live a traitor." Here we use Andre and Arnold as class names for all men who are of the same kinds as themselves. To have a "good name in the very best sense is possible to every one.

It is so interesting to notice how a certain class of diminutives came to be used, that I think you will never forget, having once been told. The use of mine before Edward, Oliver, Annie, and Ellen gave the forms Ned, Noll, Nan, and Nell. You can easily see how the n grew fast to the name in its shortened form. The very word nickname illustrates this sort of change; for an ekename (eke: the same) became misdivided a nekename; and this finally grew into nickname. Perhaps you can find other examples of this same change. I wonder whether you could have guessed that Terry and Tracey are diminutives of Theresa, or that Casey is a diminutive of Catherine. If you once become interested in Christian names, you will constantly discover new and interesting things about them.

This chapter is headed "Your Own Names." I wish that you would consider as your own, in a broad but very true sense, the Indian names left as a precious inheritance by the unfortunate natives whose rivers and lakes and prairies we now