itself of every means to gain ascendency over the forest tribes. Besides Michilimackinac there were two other posts in the northern region, Green Bay and Sault Ste. Marie. Both were founded at an early period, and both presented the same characteristic

DR. EDWARD W. JENKS.

EDWARD W. JENKS, one of the leading medical professors of the State, was born in the town of Victor, Ontario county, New York, in 1833, where his father was a prominent business man at that time. In 1843, he, with his father, emigrated to Indiana, where the latter gentleman founded a town called Ontario, and endowed a collegiate institute called La Grange College.

The principal part of Dr. Jenks' earlier years was passed in New York and Indiana, where he received his general education. His medical training was pursued at the Medical University of New York, until ill

features a mission house, a fort, and a cluster of Canadian dwellings. They had been originally garrisoned by small parties of militia, who, bringing their families with them, settled on the spot, and were the founders of these little colonies. Michilimackinac, much the largest of the three, contained thirty families within the palisades of the fort, and about as many more without. Besides its military value, it was important as the center of the fur trade, for it was here that the traders engaged their men, and sent out their goods in canoes, under the charge of subordinates, to the more distant regions of the Mississippi and the Northwest.

The Indians near Michilimackinac were the Ojibwas and Ottawas, the former of whom claimed the eastern section of Michigan, and the latter the western; their respective portions being separated by a line drawn southward from the fort itself. The principal village of the Ojibwas contained about a hundred warriors, and stood on the island of Michilimackinac, now called Mackinaw. There was another smaller village near the head of Thunder Bay. The Ottawas, to the number of two hundred and fifty warriors, lived at the settlement of L'Arbre Croche, on the shores of Lake Michigan, some distance southward from the fort. This

health compelled him to make a change, when he went to Vermont, graduating from Castleton Medical College in 1855. Dr. Jenks, however, was determined to be proficient in his profession, and afterwards took an additional degree of medicine at Bellevue Hospital Medical College. After receiving this last degree, Dr. Jenks practiced medicine very successfully in New York and Indiana, where he made numerous professional friends. About this time, his health again failed, and his sufferings were such as compelled him to constantly change climate in order to retain his already shattered health. He, however, practiced his profession wherever his health permitted him to remain long enough, until 1864, when he came to Michigan and settled in Detroit. In that city he at once acquired an extensive practice, and he has ever since been known throughout this State and those adjoining, for his remarkable success in the treatment of difficult diseases.

He was one of the founders, in 1868, of the Detroit Medical College, and has occupied the presidency in that institution since its organization, and besides holds the honorable position of Professor of Medical and Surgical Diseases of Women and Clinical Gynecology. He has worked

place was then the seat of the old Jesuit mission of St. Ignace, originally placed by Father Marquette on the northern side of the straits. Many of the Ottawas were nominal Catholics. They were all somewhat improved from their original savage condition, living in log houses, and cultivating corn and vegetables, to such an extent as to supply the fort with provisions besides satisfying their own wants. The Ojibwas, on the other hand, were not in the least degree removed from their primitive barbarism.

At this time both these tribes had received from Pontiac the war belt of black and purple wampum, and painted hatchet, and had pledged themselves to join in the contest. Before the end of May the Ojibwas, or Chippewas, received word that the blow had already been struck at Detroit, and, wrought up to the highest pitch of excitement and emulation, resolved that peace should last no longer. Eager to reap all the glory of the victory, or prompted by jealousy, this tribe neither communicated to the Ottawas the news which had come to them, nor their own resolution to make an immediate assault upon Michilimackinac; hence, the Ottawas, as we shall presently learn, had no part in that most bloody tragedy. There were other tribes, however, who,

with no ordinary amount of zeal to make the Detroit Medical College one of the leading institutions of that kind in the West, and the success of his efforts is shown in the very flattering report made by the committee appointed by the State Medical Society to examine into its condition. He was appointed surgeon of the department of diseases of women at St. Mary's Hospital in 1868. He was connected with Harper Hospital from its organization until 1872, when he resigned. Dr. Jenks ranks high as a surgeon in the Northwest, being called to practice this branch of his profession over a large extent of territory. He is a prominent member of numerous medical societies, being Professor of Medical and Surgical Diseases of Women in Bowdoin College; a member of the American Medical Association; corresponding member of the Gynecological Society; President of the Detroit Academy of Medicine; an active member and President of the State Medical Society, and a member of a number of other institutions.

Dr. Jenks was one of the original publishers of the Detroit Review of Medicine and Pharmacy, filling the position of editor on that magazine for some time with marked ability.

attracted by rumors of impending war, had gathered at Michilimackinac, and who took part in the struggle.

We will now return to the Englishman, Mr. Henry, whom we left at Michilimackinac, at the close of the previous chapter, and relate his adventures simultaneously with an account of the mas

sacre.

The British having taken possession of the fort, Henry's fears were entirely dispersed, and he spent the winter at Michilimackinac, amusing himself as best he could by hunting and fishing. But few of the Indians, he tells us, came to the fort, excepting two families. These families lived on a river five leagues below, and came occasionally with beaver flesh for sale. Their chief was an exception to the rule, for instead of being hostile towards the English, he was warmly attached to them. But, in this case, the exception proved the rule to a demonstration. He had been taken prisoner by Sir William Johnson, at the siege of Fort Niagara ; and had received from that intelligent officer, his liberty, the medal usually presented to a chief, and the British flag. Won by these acts of unexpected kindness, he had returned to Michilimackinac, full of praise of the English, and hoisted his flag over his lodge. This latter demonstration of his partiality nearly cost him his life; his lodge was broken down, and his flag torn to pieces. The pieces he carefully gathered up and preserved with pious care, and whenever he visited the fort he drew them out and exhibited them. On these occasions it grew into a custom to give him as much liquor as he said was necessary to make him cry over the misfortune of losing his flag. The commandant would have given him another, but he thought he could not accept it without danger.

Upon the opening of navigation, Mr. Henry left Michilimack inac to visit the Sault Ste. Marie. Here he made the acquaintance of M. Cadotte, an interpreter, whose wife was a Chippewa, and, desirous of learning that language, he decided to spend the succeeding winter in the family of his new found friend. Here, also, there was a small fort, and during the summer, a small detachment of troops, under the command of Lieutenant Jamette, arrived to garrison it. Late in the fall, however, a destructive

fire, which consumed all the houses except Cadotte's, and all the fort supplies, made it necessary to send the garrison back to Michilimackinac. The few that were left at this place were now crowded into one small house, and compelled to gain a subsistence

SAMUEL D. PACE, of Port Huron, Mich., was born in the township of Yarmouth, Canada West, April 29, 1835. His father, a carpenter by trade, was a native of the State of New Jersey. His mother was a descendant of a New England family.

During the winter months of his early boyhood, he attended the district school in the neighborhood where he was born, and in the summer season he was principally engaged with his father working as a carpenter. At the age of fifteen he removed with his father to Racine, Wisconsin, where he shipped as a sailor on the schooner Amelia. He followed a