Your pens to lances; and your tongue divine Arch. Wherefore do I this?-so the question stands. And purge the obstructions, which begin to stop What wrongs our arms may do, what wrongs we suffer, We see which way the stream of time doth run, And have the summary of all our griefs, already quoted, "turning the word to sword," sufficiently proves that he had no such meaning. Malone. I am afraid that the expression "turning the word to sword," will be found but a feeble support for "glaives," if it be considered as a mere jeu de mots. Douce. 6 our griefs -] i. e. our grievances. Malone. 7 And are enforc'd from our most quiet sphere-] In former edi tions: And are enforc'd from our most quiet there. This is said in answer to Westmoreland's upbraiding the Archbishop for engaging in a course which so ill became his profes sion: 66 you, my lord archbishop, "Whose see is by a civil peace maintain'd;" &c. So that the reply must be this: And are enforc'd from our most quiet sphere. Warburton. The alteration of Dr. Warburton destroys the sense of the pas sage. There refers to the new channel which the rapidity of the flood from the stream of time would force itself into. Henley. And might by no suit gain our audience: When we are wrong'd, and would unfold our griefs, 8 Even by those men that most have done us wrong. 9 West. When ever yet was your appeal denied? Arch. My brother general, the commonwealth, 8 Of every minute's instance,] The examples of an instance does not convey, to me at least, a very clear idea. The frequent corruptions that occur in the old copies in words of this kind, make me suspect that our author wrote: Of every minute's instants, i. e. the examples furnished not only every minute, but during the most minute division of a minute.-Instance, however, is else. where used by Shakspeare for example; and he has similar pleonasms in other places. Malone. Examples of every minute's instance are, I believe, examples which every minute supplies, which every minute presses on our notice. Steevens. 9 Not to break peace,] "He took nothing in hand against the king's peace, but that whatsoever he did, tended rather to advance the peace and quiet of the commonwealth" Archbishop's speech in Holinshed. Steevens. 1 And consecrate commotion's bitter edge?] It was an old custom, continued from the time of the first croisades, for the Pope to consecrate the general's sword, which was employed in the service of the church. To this custom the line in question alludes. Warburton. · commotion's bitter edge?] i. e. the edge of bitter strife and commotion; the sword of rebellion. So, in a subsequent scene: "That the united vessel of their blood," instead of "the vessel of their united blood." Malone. I make my quarrel in particular.2 2 My brother general, &c. I make my quarrel in particular.] The sense is this-"My brother general, the commonwealth, which ought to distribute its benefits equally, is become an enemy to those of his own house, to brothers born, by giving some to all, and others none; and this (says he) I make my quarrel or grievance that honours are unequally distributed;" the constant birth of malecontents, and the source of civil commotions. Warburton. In the first folio the second line is omitted, yet that reading, unintelligible as it is, has been followed by Sir T. Hanmer. How difficultly sense can be drawn from the best reading, the explication of Dr. Warburton may show. I believe there is an error in the first line, which, perhaps, may be rectified thus: My quarrel general, the commonwealth, To brother born an household cruelty, I make my quarrel in particular. That is, my general cause of discontent is public mismanagement; my particular cause, a domestick injury done to my natural brother, who had been beheaded by the king's order. Johnson. This circumstance is mentioned in the First Part of the play: "The archbishop who bears hard "His brother's death at Bristol, the lord Scroop." Steevens. The meaning of the passage appears to me to be this-" My brother-general (meaning Mowbray, the Lord Marischal) makes the misconduct of publick affairs, and the welfare of the community, his cause of quarrel; but my particular cause of quarrel, is a family injury, the cruelty with which my real brother has been treated;" meaning Lord Scroop. M. Mason. Perhaps the meaning is-" My brother general, who is joined here with me in command, makes the commonwealth his quarrel, i. e. has taken up arms on account of publick grievances; a particular injury done to my own brother, is my ground of quarrel.” I have, however, very little confidence in this interpretation. I have supposed the word general a substantive; but probably it is used as an adjective, and the meaning may be, I consider the wrongs done to the commonwealth, the common brother of us all, and the particular and domestick cruelty exercised against my natural brother, as a sufficient ground for taking up arms.-If the former be the true interpretation, perhaps a semicolon should be placed after commonwealth. The word born in the subsequent line (To brother born) seems strongly to countenance the supposition that general in the present line is an epithet applied to brother, and not a substantive. In that which is apparently the first of the two quartos, the second line is found; but is omitted in the other, and the folio. I suspect that a line has been lost following the word commonwealth; the sense of which was-" is the general ground of our taking up arms." West. There is no need of any such redress; Or, if there were, it not belongs to you. Mowb. Why not to him, in part; and to us all, That feel the bruises of the days before; And suffer the condition of these times To lay a heavy and unequal hand West. O my good lord Mowbray,3 Mowb. What thing, in honour, had my father lost, This supposition renders the whole passage so clear, that I am now decidedly of opinion that a line has been lost. "My general brother, the commonwealth, is the general ground of our taking up arms; a wrong of a domestick nature, namely the cruelty shewn to my natural brother, is my particular ground for engaging in this war." Malone. It is now become certain that there are three varieties of the quarto editions, 1600, of this play. They are all before me, and in two of them (only one of which contains the additional scene at the beginning of the third Act) the second line, pointed out by Mr. Malone, is wanting. Steevens. 30 my good lord Mowbray, &c.] The thirty-seven lines following are not in the quarto. Malone. 4 Construe the times to their necessities,] That is,-Judge of what is done in these times according to the exigencies that over-rule us. Johnson. 5 Either from the king, &c.] Whether the faults of government be imputed to the time or the king, it appears not that you have, for your part, been injured either by the king or the time. 6 To build a grief on:] i. e. a grievance. Malone. 7 Was, force perforce,] Old copy-Was forc'd. Johnson. Corrected by Mr. Theobald. In a subsequent scene we have the same words: 66 'As, force perforce, the age will put it in." Malone. And then, when Harry Bolingbroke, and he,- 9 Their armed staves in charge, their beavers down,' West. You speak, lord Mowbray, now you know not what: The earl of Hereford3 was reputed then In England the most valiant gentleman; Who knows, on whom fortune would then have smil'd? Cried hate upon him; and all their prayers, and love, And bless'd, and grac'd indeed, more than the king.“ 8 And then, when —] The old copies read—And then, that Corrected by Mr. Pope. Mr. Rowe reads-And when that - Malone. 9 Their armed staves in charge, &c.] An armed staff is a lance. To be in charge, is to be fixed in the rest for the encounter. Johnson. 1 their beavers down,] Beaver, meant properly that part of the helmet which let down, to enable the wearer to drink; but is confounded both here and in Hamlet with visiere, or used for helmet in general. Shakspeare, however, is not answerable for any confusion on this subject. He used the word beaver in the same sense in which it was used by all his contemporaries. Malone. 2 sights of steel,] i. e. the perforated part of their helmets, through which they could see to direct their aim. Visiere, Fr. Steevens. 3 The earl of Hereford-] This is a mistake of our author's. He was Duke of Hereford. See King Richard II. Malone. ▲ And bless'd, and grac'd indeed, more than the king.] The two oldest folios, (which first gave us this speech of Westmoreland) read this line thus: |