placard which states the maximum allowable weight of contents and, if applicable, any special limitation of contents due to loading requirements, etc.

(b) When the maximum permissible weight to be carried in a seat is less than 170 pounds (see § 3.74), a placard shall be permanently attached to the seat structure which states the maximum allowable weight of occupants to be carried.

§ 3.767 Fuel, oil, and coolant filler openings.

The following information shall be marked on or adjacent to the filler cover in each case:

(a) The word "fuel," the minimum permissible fuel octane number for the engines installed, and the usable fuel tank capacity. (See § 3.437.)

(b) The word "oil" and the oil tank capacity.

(c) The name of the proper coolant fluid and the capacity of the coolant system.

§ 3.768 Emergency exit placards.

Α

Emergency exit placards and operating controls shall be colored red. placard shall be located adjacent to the control(s) which clearly indicates it to be an emergency exit and describes the method of operation. (See § 3.387.) § 3.769 Approved flight maneuvers.

(a) Category N. A placard shall be provided in front of and in clear view of the pilot stating: "No acrobatic maneuvers including spins approved."

(b) Category U. A placard shall be provided in clear view of the pilot stating: "Acrobatic maneuvers are limited to the following:

(list approved maneuvers)."

(c) Category A. A placard shall be provided in clear view of the pilot which lists all approved acrobatic maneuvers and the recommended entry air speed for each. If inverted flight maneuvers are not approved, the placard shall bear a notation to this effect.

§ 3.770 Operating limitations placard.

A placard shall be provided in clear view of the pilot stating: "This airplane must be operated as a

.or

___category airplane in compliance with the operating limitations stated in the form of placards, markings, and manuals."

§ 3.771 Airspeed placards.

The following airspeed limitations shall be shown on placards in view of the pilot:

(a) Maximum speed with landing gear extended, if the airplane is equipped with retractable landing gear.

(b) Minimum control speed with one engine inoperative, for multiengine airplanes.

(c) Rough air or maneuvering speed determined in accordance with § 3.741. AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL

§ 3.777

Airplane Flight Manual.

(a) An Airplane Flight Manual shall be furnished with each airplane, having a maximum certificated weight of more than 6,000 pounds. The portions of this document listed below shall be verified and approved by the Administrator, and shall be segregated, identified, and clearly distinguished from portions not so approved. Additional items of information having a direct and important bearing on safe operation may be required by the Administrator when unusual design, operating, or handling characteristics so warrant.

(b) For airplanes having a maximum certificated weight of 6,000 pounds or less an Airplane Flight Manual is not required; instead, the information prescribed in this part for inclusion in the Airplane Flight Manual shall be made available to the operator by the manufacturer in the form of clearly stated placards, markings, or manuals.

§ 3.777-1 Preparation of airplane flight manuals for airplanes in the normal, utility, and acrobatic categories (FAA policies which apply to § 3.777).

(a) General. This section outlines an acceptable arrangement for the Airplane Flight Manual as required by § 3.777. It should be noted that the items outlined below for inclusion in the document will not all be necessary for a given airplane, and the Federal Aviation Agency is desirous of holding the document to the smallest practicable amount of material. Only the material required by this part should be included in the Federal Aviation Agency approved portion of the manual. However, if desired, the manufacturer may add other data in a distinctly separate section in the same cover. The portion of the material that is to be approved by the Federal Aviation

Agency must be so marked and clearly separated from any other material so that no one could easily err in regard to the part that is approved.

(b) Pages; size, binding, etc. The page size for the Airplane Flight Manual will be left to the decision of the manufacturer. Some sort of a cover should be provided where more than one page is involved and should indicate the nature of the contents with the following title: "Airplane Flight Manual." Each page of the approved portion should bear the notation "FAA Approved" and the date of issuance. The material should be bound in some semipermanent fashion so that pages will not easily be lost, but should be so bound that revised pages can be inserted. In the case of small airplanes where the document consists of only one or two pages, superseding the entire document would be preferable to issuing revised pages. The aircraft specification will identify the manual by the approval date, and when different versions of the airplane (skiplanes, seaplanes, etc.) are covered in separate manuals, each will = be listed. Also, the latest approved revisions will be shown.

(1) When an aircraft has tentative approval only, the following statement should appear on the inside of the front Ecovering page of the manual:

The certificate of airworthiness issued to the aircraft described hereon, subject to the final issuance of a covering type certificate, is based upon tentative approval of aircraft of this model. Upon issuance of a covering type certificate, it may become necessary to make certain modifications or adjustments to the subject aircraft in order that the certificate of airworthiness may remain effective.

(c) Contents. The Airplane Flight Manual should contain as much of the material in paragraphs (d) through (h) of this section as is applicable to the individual model. It is suggested that the document be divided into sections as indicated in paragraphs (d) through (h) of this section. The sequence of sections and of items within sections should follow the outline in so far as is practicable. This will facilitate revising the document when an airplane is altered in the field.

(d) Administrative section. (This section will be unnecessary in the case of small uncomplicated airplanes where the limitations consist of only one or two pages. In such cases the data noted for inclusion on the title page can be placed at the top of the first page.)

(1) Title page. This page should include the manufacturer's name, airplane model and the registration number.

(2) Table of contents. This page will not be necessary where the document consists of only a few pages.

(3) Log of revisions. Should provide spaces in which to record revised pages and the date inserted. This page will not be necessary where the document is short and will be superseded completely if changes are necessary.

(e) Limitations section-(1) Engine power and speed limits. Should also list engine and propeller manufacturer and model.

(2) Temperature and manifold pressure limits. Include, if applicable, minimum climbing airspeeds for hot weather operation.

(3) Fuel grade. This item as well as subparagraphs (1) and (2) of this paragraph may, in the case of most airplanes, be covered together.

(4) Propeller. Should list propeller manufacturer and model.

(5) Power-plant door and flap settings. Pertains only when cowl flaps, cooler doors or other similar devices are installed.

(6) Placards (power-plant only). Should list all power-plant operating placards and explain their significance, where pertinent.

(7) Instrument markings (powerplant instruments). Should list all power-plant instrument markings.

(8) Airspeed limitations. Should include "never exceed speed," "maximum structural cruising speed," "maneuvering speed," "flaps extended speed," and "landing gear extended speed" where applicable.

(9) Flight load factors. The pertinent load factors should be given in terms of accelerations.

(10) Maximum weight. This should list maximum weights.

(11) C. G. Range. The approved c. g. limits and datum should be listed in inches.

(12) Maneuvers. This should list the approved maneuvers with recommended entry speeds.

(13) Placards (except power-plant placards). Should list all flight placards and explain their significance where pertinent.

(14) Instrument markings (except power-plant instruments). Should list all flight instrument markings, and explain their significance. (In most cases this will involve only the airspeed indicator.)

(15) Minimum crew. This section should be used only when the minimum crew is more than one. Where used, the section should explain the basic duties of each crew member.

(f) Procedures section—(1) Normal operating procedures. For the small conventional airplane where all procedures are conventional, this section will not be necessary. Only unconventional features and peculiarities of the particular airplane should be covered here, and, in the case of more complex airplanes, the following should be covered where pertinent.

(i) One engine inoperative. Applies only to multiengine types and should contain all necessary procedures for such operation.

(ii) Propeller feathering. Applies only to multiengine types equipped with feathering propellers. Should contain full instructions on feathering and unfeathering.

(iii) Circuit breakers. Should contain full information on the location and method of resetting all circuit breakers installed.

(iv) Fire procedures. Pertains only to airplanes equipped with a built-in fire extinguishing system. Should contain full instructions on the operation of such systems as well as associated fire protection equipment and procedures.

(v) Emergency procedures for flaps, landing gear, fuel dumping, etc.

(vi) Other special operating procedures (if any).

sec

(g) Performance information tion (1) Take-off data. Should include distance to clear 50-foot obstacle, etc., at various altitudes and temperatures.

(2) Climb data. Should give normal rate of climb, balked landing climb (landing gear extended and wing flaps in landing position) and one-engine inoperative climb (for multiengine types) at various altitudes and temperatures.

(3) Landing data. Should give distance to complete landing over 50-foot obstacle and approach speed for various altitudes and temperatures.

(4) Stalling data. Should give stall speeds, stall warning indications and other pertinent data including stalling speeds at various angles of bank.

(h) Weight and balance data section. This section will not be included in the approved portion of the Airplane Flight Manual. It is the intention of the Civil Aeronautics Administration to place the responsibility for the control of weight and balance with the manufacturer and operator. The manufacturer will furnish a weight and balance report for each new airplane. The Federal Aviation Agency representative will not approve each individual report but will make only occasional spot checks to ascertain that the manufacturer's weight control procedure is adequate. The manufacturer will be expected to furnish complete information with the airplane, not only regarding its actual weight and balance, but also to include sketches, samples, and other data that will assist the operator in checking the balance after alterations. The Repair and Alteration Form (ACA-337) has been revised to include space for recording the new empty weight, empty weight C. G. and useful load on the form after each change. A copy of this form will be given to the owner and his file of such forms, together with the manufacturer's original data will afford the owner with a complete and up-to-date file. In cases where the permissible C. G. positions vary with gross weight, it is suggested that a note be included in the weight and balance report advising owners to contact the airplane manufacturer when any change is made to the airplane which would appreciably affect the location of the empty C. G. or location of useful load items. The manufacturer is asked to cooperate in an educational program to inform the owner of his responsibility and the means whereby he can discharge it. To this end, a statement substantially as follows should be prominently displayed in the weight and balance section:

NOTE: It is the responsibility of the airplane owner and the pilot to insure that the airplane is loaded properly. The empty weight, empty weight C. G. and useful load are noted below for this airplane as delivered from the factory. If the airplane has been altered, refer to the latest approved Repair and Alteration Form (ACA-337) for this

information.

(1) Weight limits. Should list and explain (where necessary) the various

weight limits. In the case of a small airplane, only the maximum (gross) weight would be applicable.

(2) C. G. limits. Approved operating C. G. range.

(3) Empty weight C. G. limits where practicable. This applies to the empty weight C. G. range which will automatically assure compliance with the operating C. G. limits under the most adverse loading conditions.

(4) Empty weight and empty weight C. G. location.

(5) Equipment list. All equipment included in the empty weight. Equipment items should normally be identified by the item number and name used in the Aircraft Specification.

(6) Weight computations. The computations necessary to determine the empty weight C. G. location and the check of forward and aft C. G. locations where applicable.

(7) Loading schedule. Supply where necessary.

(8) Loading schedule instructions. Complete instructions in the use of the loading schedule.

The

(9) Unconventional airplanes. material in paragraph (h) of this section is believed to be complete and adequate for a conventional airplane. In the case of unconventional airplanes or airplanes with special features, the foregoing should be modified or amplified as necessary to cover the case.

(i) Number of copies. Three copies of the above material, less the Weight and Balance Data Section, should be submitted to the appropriate Civil Aeronautics Administration regional office by the manufacturer for an original approval. One copy will be signed by the Chief, Aircraft Division, and returned to the manufacturer. Revisions to the manual will be approved in the regional office. One copy of the Weight and Balance Data Section should be included in the manual by the manufacturer for each airplane at the time of certification.

(j) Sample of airplane flight manual. A sample of an Airplane Flight Manual that fulfills the requirements in the case of a small uncomplicated airplane is given in paragraph (k) of this section. (k) Sample sheet.

Engine:

Engine limits:

Fuel:

Propeller:

Power instrument:

Airspeed limits (true indicated airspeed):

Flight load factors:

Maximum weight: C. G. range:

DO NOT EXCEED.