Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, måt; pine or pine, pin; nỗ, nôt; õõ, as in good; same name, situated near the right bank of the Vistula. Lat. 53° 21′ N., Lon. 18° 25′ E. Pop. 5,300. (B.) CUL/-PEP-PER, a co. in the N. E. part of Va., on the head waters of the Rappahannock. Pop. 11,393. Seat of justice, Culpepper c. h. CUL-ROSS', a small t. of Scotland, on the N. shore of the Frith of Forth, 5 m. W. of Dunfermline. CUMANA, koo-må-nå', a fortified t. of S. America, in the republic of Venezuela, cap. of the dep. of Maturin. It is situated above a mile from the sea, at the entrance of the Gulf of Cariaco, with a capacious and safe harbour. Lat. 10° 28' N., Lon. 64° 9′ W. Though it is much decayed, its pop. still amounts to near 10,000. (B.) CU-MA'-N-IA, GREAT, (see Int. XI.) or KUMANIA, (Hung. Nagy Kunság, nody* koon-shååg,) an independent dist. of Hungary, in the prov. "beyond the Theiss," between 47° and 47° 40′ N. Lat., and 20° 30′ and 21° 10′ E. Lon. (P. C.) The area is about 424 sq. m. The whole surface is a low plain, and rendered so swampy by the inundations of the rivers, that nearly one-half of Cumania is a mere bog. There are here no large land proprietors or feudal lords, as in most parts of Hungary; the people have an independent jurisdiction of their own, and send representatives to the Hungarian diet. The Cumanians are a robust, athletic race, and very fond of rural pursuits, and are altogether a rich, happy, and independent people. The pop. amounts to about 43,000, of whom 37,000 are Protestants. Great Cumania contains one market town, Kardzag-uj-Szállás (kõrd-zõ g-oo-e-såål-låås). Lat. 47° 20′ N., Lon. 20° 55′ E. Pop. 11,100. (P. C.) CUMANIA, LITTLE, (Hung. Kis Kunság, kish koon-shååg,) dist. of Hungary, in the prov. "this side the Theiss." It consists of several detached portions of land, with an aggregate area of about 1.000 sq. m., so that it is more than twice as large as Great Cumania.† Pop. about 53,000. (P. C.) The general character of the country, as well as of the inhabitants, corresponds with that given under the head of Great Cumania. Their largest town is Felegyháza (fa-lady-håå-zõh). Lat. about 46° 43' N., Lon. 19° 54' E. Pop. 12,970. (P. C.)-Adj. and inhab., relating to both districts, CU-MA-NI-AN. CUM-BER-LAND (Lat. Cumbria), a co. in the N. of England, bordering on Scotland and Solway Frith. Pop. 178,038.-Adj. and inhab. Cum/ BRI-AN. CUMBERLAND, a Co. in the S. W. part of Me., bordering on the sea. Pop. 68,660. Co. t. Portland. CUMBERLAND, a co. in the S. W. part of N. J., bordering on the Delaware Bay. Pop. 14,374. Co. t. Bridgetown. CUMBERLAND, a co. in the S. part of Pa., bordering on the Susquehanna r. Pop. 30,953. Co. t. Carlisle. * See Introduction, XXII., 16 and 17. The origin of the distinctive epithets of Little and Great, as applied to these districts, is not known. The relative size of the two territories may possibly have changed since the names were first bestowed. ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. CUMBERLAND, & Co. in the S. E. central part of Va., on the Appomattox and James r. Pop. 10,399. Seat of justice, Cumberland c. h. CUMBERLAND, & co. in the central part of N. C., intersected by Cape Fear r. Pop. 15,284. Co. t. Fayetteville. CUMBERLAND, a co. in the S. part of Ky., intersected by the Cumberland r., and bordering on Tenn. Pop. 6,090. Co. t. Burkesville. CUMBERLAND MOUNTAINS, a chain which extends along the S. E. border of Kentucky, forming a part of the boundary between that state and Virginia, and afterwards running across Tennessee, terminates near its southern border. It divides the state into two sections, called E. and W. Tennessee. CUMBERLAND RIVER rises in the Cumberland Mountains of Ky., and, passing into Tenn., makes a circuit, and, returning into Ky., empties itself into the Ohio. It is about 600 m. in length, and is navigable for steamboats of the largest size to Nashville. Small boats can ascend 300 m. further. CUPAR, kool-per, a t. of Scotland, the cap. of Fifeshire. Lat. 56° 19 N., Lon. 3° W. Pop. 3,567. CURACOA commonly pronounced in English, ku`-ra-so'; (Sp. Curaçao, koo-rå-sa-o); an i. in the Caribbean Sea, situated in Lat. about 12° 6' N., and Lon. 69° W. Its length is 35 m.; its greatest breadth 6 m. Curaçoa was originally settled by the Spaniards, but at present it belongs to Holland. CURISCHE HAFF. See KURISCHE HAFF. CUR/-RI-TUCK, a Co. forming the N. E. extremity of N. C. Pop. 6,703. Co. t. Currituck. CURZOLA, koord-zo'-lå, an i. in the Adriatic, belonging to Dalmatia. The area is about 231 sq. m.: the pop. 6,500. Curzola, the chief town, is in 42° 57' N. Lat., and 16° 50′ E. Lon., and has about 1,800 inhabitants. (P. C.) CUSTRIN OF KÜSTRIN, küs-treen', a t. and fortress of Prussia, in Brandenburg, the cap. of a circle of the same name, situated at the confluence of the Wartha and Oder, and encompassed on all sides by marshes and water. Pop. 4,700. (B.) CUTCH, a principality in the W. part of Hindostan, between 22° and 25° N. Lat., and 68° and 72° E. Lon., and bordering on a gulf of the same name. CUT-TACK', (from the Sanscrit Cåtåk, a "royal residence,”) a t. of Hindostan, in the prov. of Orissa, cap. of a dist. of the same name. Lat. 20° 25' N., Lon. 85° 51' E. Pop. in 1822, 40,000. (P. C.) CUXHAVEN, kõõx`-hål-fen, a small t. of Germany, belonging to the free city of Hamburg, situated on the left bank of the Elbe, at its entrance into the German Ocean. It is chiefly important on account of its secure and capacious harbour. It has, by means of packets and steamboats, regular communication with England. Lat. 53° 52′ N., Lon. 8° 43′ E. Pop. about 800. (B.) CUYAHOGA, ki-a-ho-ga, a co. in the N. E. part of Ohio, bordering on 1. Erie. Pop. 26,506. Co. t. Cleveland. Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, mêt; plne or pine, pin; no, not; õō as in good, Cuzco, koos/-ko, an ancient t. of S. America, in Peru, about 250 m. from the coast of the Pacific. Before the arrival of the Spaniards, it was the cap. of the extensive empire of the Incas, and is said to have been built by the founder of the empire, Manco Capac, in the 10th or 11th century of our era. Upon a lofty hill, a little N. of the city, are the ruins of a great fortress erected by the Incas, for the protection of their capital. Many parts of it are still in a state of perfect preservation. They consist of stones of extraordinary size, placed one upon another, without cement, but fitted with such nicety as not to admit the insertion of a knife between them. It would appear that Cuzco exceeds Arequipa in population, though some of the most respectable geographers call the latter the second town of Peru. It is the seat of a university. Lat. 13° 33′ S., Lon. 72° 4′ W. Pop. above 40,000. (P. C.) CY/-PRUS, (Gr. Kunços; Turk, Kib`-ris',) a large i. in the Mediterranean, situated near the coasts of Syria and Asia Minor, between 34° 32' and 35° 44' N. Lat., and 32° 16′ and 34° 41′ E. Lon. Its length is about 140 m.; its greatest breadth about 56 m. In 1571, Cyprus was wrested from the Venetians by the Turks, in whose possession it has remained ever since. Two-thirds of the inhabitants are Christians, who are cruelly oppressed by their Turkish masters; under whom, Cyprus, from being one of the most fertile and beautiful spots in the world, has been converted almost into a desert. Pop. estimated at above 60,000. (E. G.)—Adj. and inhab. CYP-RI-AN and CYP-RI-OT'. The former should be employed only when ancient Cyprus is referred to. CZERNIGOW. See TCHERNIGOF. CZERNOWICE, cheR`-no-vit/-sch, or TSCHERNOWITZ (cher'-no-Wits, sometimes improperly written Czernorvicz), a t. of Austrian Galicia, cap. of a circle of the same name, on the Pruth. Lat. 48° 15' N., Lon 26° 10′ E. Pop. about 7,300. (P. C.) CZIRKNICZ OF ZIRKNITZ, tseĕrk'-nits, a small t. of Illyria, near a lake of the same name about 20 m. in circumference, and intersected by the parallel of 45° 45′ N. Lat., and the meridian of 14° 23′ E. Lon. This lake is remarkable for the great variation in the height of its waters. The bottom, which is formed of limestone rock, is full of clefts and fissures, through which the water passes at about forty different openings, into subterraneous channels and caverns, and goes to supply the neighbouring streams. Frequently, during the dry season, the bottom of the lake is covered with luxuriant herbage, which is made into hay. Some parts are sown with millet and buckwheat. The depth of the Lake of Czirknicz, in the deepest part, is only about 56 ft. In Jan., 1834, the waters left the lake, and did not return till March, 1835; an occurrence which, for the long cessation of the waters, is said to be unprecedented. DAC-CA, a large manufacturing t. of Hindostan, formerly the cap. of Bengal, on a branch of the Ganges, called Booree Gunga or Old Ganges. Lat. 23° 44′ N., Lon. 90° 29′ E. Pop. estimated by Hamilton ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. at 200,000; but the Missionary Register, of 1828, states it at 150,000. (B.) DADE, a co. forming the N. W. extremity of Ga. Pop. 1,364. DADE, a co. occupying the S. E. extremity of Florida. Pop. 446. DADE, a co. in the S. W. part of Mo., a little S. of the Osage r. DAHOMEY OF DAHOMAY, dah/-Ho-må,* a celebrated and formerly powerful kingdom of W. Africa, situated inland from that part of the coast of Guinea called the Slave Coast. It is separated from the kingdom of Ashantee on the W. by the r. Volta.-Adj. and inhab. DAH-0-MAN. DAHL, dål, a r. of Sweden, which flows into the Gulf of Bothnia, in Lat. about 60° 40′ N. DALE, a co. in the S. E. part of Ala., bordering on Florida. Pop. 7,397. Seat of justice, Dale c. h. DALECARLIA, då-lê-kar'-le-å, or DALARNE, då/-lar-nà, a prov. of Sweden, lying between 60° 55′ and 62° 12′ N. Lat., and bordering on Norway. (P. C.) Adj. DAL-E-CAR-LI-AN, inhab. DALECARLIAN, DAL-E CARL. DAL-LAS, a co. in the S. central part of Ala., intersected by the Alabama r. Pop. 25,199. Co. t. Cahawba. DALMATIA, dal-mal-she-a, a kingdom belonging to the crown of Austria, situated between 42° and 45° N. Lat., and 14° 30′ and 19° E. Lon. ; bounded on the N. by Hungary, N. E. and E. by Turkey, and S. W. by the Adriatic. The area is estimated at 5,098 sq. m. Pop. 320,000. (P. C.) Zara is the seat of government.—Adj. and inhab. DALMATIAN, dal-mál-she-an. DAL-TON, a small t. of England, in Lancashire, about 18 m. W.N.W. of Lancaster. DA-MAS'-CUS, (Arab. Shâm-el-Kebeer, i. e. Damascus the Great,) a celebrated city of Syria, cap. of a pashalic of the same name, situated in the fertile plain at the E. base of that chain of mountains called the Antilibanus Mountains, about 190 m. S. by W. from Aleppo. It is one of the most ancient towns in the world, having existed in the time of Abraham (Gen. xiv. and xv.). Besides the title of kebeer (great), that of sher-eef (venerable or holy) is sometimes given to it. Its ancient name was Damesk. Damascus is celebrated for the number of its orchards, and the abundance of exquisite fruits which they produce; whence the Arabs regard it as one of their four terrestrial paradises. "Rash adventurer, bear thee back, Daughters of the burning day." SCOTT's Bridal af Triermain, Canto III. This, as we are informed, corresponds to the native accentuation. + In this and similar cases, the article el is changed in sound to es, so as to correspond with the initial letter of the word to which it is prefixed; accordingly, Sham-el-Shereef is to be pronounced sham-es-shereef. When Sham is used to designate the country of Syria, the article is usually employed, e. g., El Sham, pronounced es-sham, Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mě, mět; plne or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; õõ, as in good ; The streets are well paved and furnished with foot-walks on each side. The houses, though plain externally, being built of earth or of brick, often exhibit great magnificence within, and nearly all of them are refreshed by fountains. Damascus is the residence of a Greek patriarch. Lat. 33° 33′ N.; Lon. 36° 20′ E. Pop. estimated at above 140,000. (B.)-Adj. and inhab. DAM`-AS-CENE (Arab. Sha/-mee). DAM-I-ET-TA, (Arab. Då-m¡-åt/ or Dum-yåt',) a t. of Lower Egypt, on the right bank of one of the principal branches of the Nile, about 6 m. above its mouth. The name is derived from Thamiatis, which was a small town under the Byzantine emperors. After the conquest of the Saracens, it was surrounded with strong walls, and became one of the most commercial and wealthy towns of Egypt. It was thrice taken by the Christians in the middle ages, (once by Roger, of Sicily, and twice by the crusaders,) and as often recovered. At last, to prevent any other attacks from this quarter, the sultans of Egypt razed it to the ground and removed the inhabitants about 4 m. further inland. Hence arose New Damietta. This place, though much decayed, is one of the best built towns in Egypt; and its manufactures and commerce are still considerable. Lat. 31° 26' N., Lon. 31° 50′ E. The pop. is estimated by Balbi at about 20,000, though many others make it much higher. DAM-PIER'S BAY or SHARK BAY is situated on the W. coast of New Holland, near 25° S. Lat., and 114° E. Lon. DANBURY, dan/-ber-re, a t. of Conn., in Fairfield co., 29 m. in a straight line W. by N. of New Haven, noted for its manufacture of hats. Pop. of the township, 4,311. DANE, a co. in the S. part of Wisconsin, bordering on Wisconsin r. Pop. 3,114. DANT'-ZIC, (Ger. Danzig, dånt'-sig; Polish, Gdansk,) a city of Prussia, the cap. of a large circle of the same name, situated on the left bank of the principal arm of the Vistula, about 34 m. from the shores of the Baltic. Dantzic is the seat of a number of literary and scientific institutions, among which we may mention the academical gymnasium, with seven professors, and the public library, which contains 30,000 vols. Its manufactures are considerable. It is one of the strongest fortresses, and is the first emporium of maritime commerce in the Prussian dominions. Lat. 54° 21′ N., Lon. 18° 38′ E. Pop. above 62,000. (B.) DAN-UBE OF DAN-AW, (Gr. Istpos; Lat. Danubius and Ister; Ger. Donau, do'-nou; Hung. Duna, doo-noh ;) a large r. of Europe, second only to the Volga. It originates on the E. declivity of the Black Forest (Schwarzwald), about 24 m. from the banks of the Rhine, in 48° 6' N. Lat., and 8° 9' E, at an elevation of near 3000 ft. above the level of the sea. Its general course, to near Waitzen, in Hungary, is easterly, from Waitzen to the influx of the Drave (Lat. 45° 33′ N., Lon. 18° 58 E.) it is almost due S.; thence nearly E. by S. till it reaches the 28th degree of E. Lon., where it suddenly changes its direction to the N., and, after a course of about 90 m., again flows easterly and empties |
