Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mit; pine or pine, pin; nô, nôt; õõ as in good;

the N.W. part of Switzerland, bordering on the L. of Neufchâtel. The area is computed at 588 sq. m. Pop. in 1834, 89,192. (P.C.)

FREYBURG OF FRIBOURG, the cap. of the above, situated on the Sarine (så-reen'), or Saane (såål-neh), a tributary of the Aar, about 17 m. S. W. of Bern. A part of the town is built upon a steep declivity of rock, where the roofs of several houses serve as a pavement for the street above. There is an iron suspension bridge over the Sarine, 885 ft. in length, and 170 ft. above the level of the river. It was erected in 1834, and is one of the finest in the world. Among the scientific and literary institutions of Freyburg, the Lyceum with a professorship of common and civil law; the Gymnasium; the College of the Jesuits; the Public Library; and the Cabinet of Natural History; may be mentioned. Lat. 46° 48' N., Lon. 7° 9′ E. Pop. in 1834, 8,535. (P. C.)

FREYSTADT. See FREISTADT.

FRIEDLAND, freed/-land or freet'-lånt, a small t. in the N. extremity of Bohemia, from which the celebrated Wallenstein took the title of duke. Lat. 50° 57′ N., Lon. 15° 8' E.-Also, a town of E. Prussia, on the Alle, remarkable for a victory gained by Bonaparte over the Russians and Prussians, in 1807, which led to the peace of Tilsit. Lat. 54° 26' N., Lon. 21° 1′ E.

FRIENDLY OF TONGA (tong/-a) ISLANDS, a group in the Pacific, situted between 18° and 23° S. Lat., and 173° and 176° W. Lon. The inhabitants belong to the Malayan race. They are represented as an industrious, ingenious, and brave, but treacherous people. Their number is estimated at 200,000. (P. C.) The name of these islands was bestowed by Cook, because the inhabitants received him in so friendly a manner, though it is now known that they intended to kill him, and seize his vessels.

FRIESLAND, freez!-land, or VRIESLAND, or FRIESIA, free/-zhe-a, a prov. occupying the N. N. W. extremity of Holland. It is sometimes called, though not by Hollanders, West Friesland, in order to distinguish it from East Friesland, in Hanover. The area of Friesland is about 1,030 sq. m. The pop. is estimated at 221,000. (P. C.) Leeuwarden is the chief town. Adj. FRIESIC, free/-zik, and FRIESIAN OF FRISIAN, freezhe-an; inhab. FRIES-LAND-ER, and FRISIAN* or FRIESIAN.

FRIESLAND, EAST, or AURICH, ou/-rix, a principality in the N. W. part of Hanover. Emden is the chief town.

FRIO, free-o, a cape on the S. E. coast of Brazil. Lat. 22° 54′ S., Lon. 41° 36' W.

FRISIAN properly relates to the nation who formerly inhabited this and the neighbouring regions, and who are mentioned by Tacitus under the name of Frisii. They appear to have been a tribe of Germans. Those of their descend ants who are settled among the small islands on the western coast of Sleswick, preserve not only the name of Frisians, but many vestiges of their customs and dress. The Friesic language, which is quite distinct from the Dutch, in many points bears a striking resemblance to the English.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. FRISCHE HAFF, frish/-eh håff, i. e. "fresh bay;" or FRISCHE SEE (say), i. e. "fresh sea," an arm of the Baltic, lying between 54° 14′ and 54° 43′ N. Lat., and 19° 10′ and 20° 30′ E. Lon. Its length is near 60 m.; its greatest breadth is about 13 m. A number of rivers fall into this Haff, among which are two arms of the Vistula. It is connected with the sea by a strait called the Gatt, only about 12 ft. deep, and 3,000 ft. wide, and is separated from the Baltic by a strip of land called the Frische Nehrung (n-roong). Its name appears to have been given to it on account of the freshness of its waters--the necessary consequence of its receiving so many considerable streams, while the passage by which it communicates with the Baltic is so limited that it is impossible for the salt waters of that sea to be mingled with the contents of the Frische Haff to any considerable extent.

FRIULI, fre-ool-le,* (It. pron. free/-oo-le,) the most eastern prov. of Northern Italy, forming a part of the Venetian territory. Friuli appears to be derived from the ancient Forum Julii, a Roman colony said to have been founded here by Julius Cæsar.

FROME OF FROME SELWOOD, a t. of England, in Somersetshire, on the r. Frome, a branch of the Avon, 93 m. W. by S. from London. Pop. of the parish, with an area of 10 sq. m., 11,849.

FUERTAVENTURA, fwêr`-tå-ven-too-rå, one of the Canary Islands, intersected by the parallel of 28° 30′ N. Lat., and by the 14th meridian of W. Lon. It is about 60 m. long, and contains an area of 79 sq. leagues. Pop. 13,885. (P. C.)

FULDA, fool'-då, a t. of Germany, in Hesse Cassel, cap. of a prov. of the same name, on the little r. Fulda, a branch of the Weser. It has a lyceum, and several other establishments for education. Lat. 50° 34' N., Lon. 9° 44' E. Pop. about 9,000. (B.)

FULTON, fool-ton, a co. in the E. or E. central part of N. Y., N. W. of Albany. Pop. 18,049. Co. t. Johnstown.

FULTON, a co. in the N. part of Ind., a little N. of the Wabash r. Pop. 1,993. Co. t. Rochester.

FULTON, a co. in the N. W. part of Ill., bordering on Illinois r. Pop. 13,142. Co. t. Lewistown.

FUNCHAL, foon-shåll, the cap. of the i. of Madeira, is pleasantly situated on the S. coast, and defended by several forts. Lat. 32° 37' N., Lon. 16° 56′ W. Pop. estimated at 20,000. (B.) Its commerce is extensive, but unfortunately it has no harbour, and its road is unsafe in winter.

FUN-DY, BAY OF, situated between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, is about 180 m. long; its greatest breadth is above 50 m. It is remarkable for the height to which its tide rises, which sometimes amounts to 70 ft.

FU-NEN (Dan. Fyen, fül-en), a fertile i. in the Baltic, belonging to

"a sea

Of glory streams along the Alpine height

Of blue FRIULI's mountains."-Childe Harold. Canto IV.

Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pin; nô, nôt; õõ, as in good; Denmark, situated between 55° 2′ and 55° 40′ N. Lat., and 9° 40′ and 10° 51′ E. Lon. Its length is about 50 m.; its greatest breadth near 40. The area is about 1,176 sq. m. Pop. about 144,000. (P. C.) Odense is the capital.

FÜNFKIRCHEN, fünf-kéĕr/-ken, (Hung. Pécs, paich,) an ancient t. in the S. W. part of Hungary, 105 m. S. by W. from Buda. Lat. 46° 5' N., Lon. 18° 16' E. Pop. 9,000. (B.)

FURNES, fÜRn, a small t. of W. Flanders, situated at the termination of a canal, to which it gives its name. Lat. 51° 4' N., Lon. 2° 40′ E. Pop. in 1830, 4,253. (P. C.)

FURRUCKABAD, fur`-ruk-a-båd', a t. of Hindostan, cap. of a dist. of the same name, which lies between the Jumna and the Ganges. Lat. 27° 24' N., Lon. 79° 27′ E. Pop. estimated at about 67,000. (B.)

FÜRTH, fÜRt, a manufacturing and commercial t. of Germany, in Bavaria, cap. of a circle of the same name, with a Jewish university, about 4 m. Ñ. W. of Nuremburg. Lat. 49° 29′ N., Lon. 11° 1' E. Pop. estimated at 17,000. (B.)

FYNE, LOCH, lok fine, a small bay on the W. coast of Scotland, in Argyleshire, communicating with the Frith of Clyde.

GADS-DEN, a co. of Florida, E. of and bordering on the Appalachicola r. Pop. 5,992. Co. t. Quincy.

GAETA, gå-a/-tå, (Anc. Caieta,) a strongly fortified seaport t. of Naples, in the prov. of Terra di Lavoro. Lat. 41° 13′ N., Lon. 12° 34′ E. Pop., exclusive of the military, 3,000.

(B.)

GAILLAC, gâh`-yåk', a t. of France, in the dep. of Tarn, situated on the r. Tarn, 31 m. N. E. of Toulouse. It is celebrated for its wines.

GAILLON, gâh`-yon, a t. of France, in the dep. of Eure, 50 m. W. N.W. of Paris, remarkable for its once magnificent palace, belonging to the archbishops of Rouen, which is now converted into a prison.

GAIRLOCH, gare'-lok, a bay on the W. coast of Ross-shire, Scotland, which gives name to a parish lying on it.

GA-LE-NA, a small t. near the N. W. extremity of Ill., the cap. of Ja Daviess co., remarkable for the rich lead mines in its vicinity. The name is taken from galena, a species of lead ore.

GALICIA, gal-ish'-e-a, (Ger. Galizien, gå-lit'-se-en,) THE KINGDOM OF, forms the N. E. portion of the Austrian dominions, being situated between 47° and 50° 50′ N. Lat., and 18° 54′ and 26° 37′ E. lon. Its length, from E. to W., is about 350 m.; its greatest breadth, from N to S., near 230 m. The area is computed at 32,949 sq. m. Pop. about 4,600,000. (P. C.) Lemberg is the capital.-Adj. and inhab. GALICIAN, gal-ish'-e-an.

GALICIA, (Sp. pron. gå-lee/-the-å: Anc. Gallæ/cia,) a prov. occupying the N. W. extremity of the Spanish peninsula. Its greatest length, from N. to S., is about 125 m.; greatest breadth, from E. to W.; 120 m. -Adj. and inhab. GAL-LE-GAN (from the Spanish Gallego, gål-là-go) and GALICIAN.

GÅLL, SAINT, (Fr. pron. sån gåll; Ger. Sancte Gallen, sånk/-tẹh-gå]'

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. len,) a canton in the N. E. part of Switzerland, bordering on the Rhine and Lake Constance. Area computed at 780 sq. m. Pop. in 1831, 165.740. (P. C.)

GALL, ST., an important manufacturing and commercial t. of Switzerland, cap. of the above canton, situated about 7 m. S. W. of Lake Constance. It contains numerous literary institutions. Lat. 47° 26' N., Lon. 9° 22′ E. Pop. 10,000. (B.)

GAL/-LA-TIN, a co. in the N. part of Ky., bordering on the Ohio r. Pop. 4,003. Co. t. Warsaw.

ĠALLATIN, a co. in the S. E. part of Ill., bordering on the Ohio and Wabash rivers. Pop. 10,760. Co. t. Equality.

GAL/-LI-a, a co. in the S. E. part of Ohio, bordering on the Ohio r. Pop. 13,444. Co. t. Gallipolis.

GALLIPOLI, gal-lip'-o-le, (Anc. Callipolis,) an important t. of European Turkey, situated at the entrance of the Hellespont, about 130 m. in a direct line, W. by S., from Constantinople. It is interesting in history, as the first place in Europe where the Turks acquired dominion. Lat. 40° 26' N., Lon. 26° 38′ E. The pop. is variously estimated from 17,000 to 80,000. According to the P. C., it somewhat exceeds 20,000.

GALLIPOLI, a fortified seaport t. of Italy, in Terra di Otranto. Lat. 40° 2' N., Lon. 17° 57′ E. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

GAL-LO-WAY, a dist. in the S. W. of Scotland, comprising the shire of Wigtown and parts of some other shires. The small horses known by the name of Galloways, are bred here.

GAL-VES-TON, the largest t. in Texas, situated on an island of its own name. Its commerce is represented as very flourishing. Lat. 29° 10 N., Lon. 94° 50′ W. Pop. about 5,000.

GALVESTON BAY, a considerable bay in the S. E. part of Texas, N. of the island of Galveston.

GAL-WAY, a co. in the W. part of Ireland, in the prov. of Connaught, bordering on the sea. Pop. in 1831, exclusive of the co. of the town of Galway, 381,564. (P. C.)

GALWAY, THE CO. OF THE TOWN OF, lies in the above, and contains an area of near 36 sq. m, The town of Galway, which is the cap. of this, 3 well as the preceding country, is situated on the outlet of Lough Corrib, near its entrance into Galway Bay. Its harbour is large, but not deep. It has a pretty extensive trade; its chief manufacture is flour. Entire pop. of the co. in 1831, 33,120. (P. C.) The pop. of the town is stated, by the Edinburgh Gazetteer, to be above 15,000.

GAM-BI-A, a r. of W. Africa, which flows into the Atlantic, between 13° and 14° N. Lat., and near 16° W. Lon. Its upper course has not been explored by Europeans, but, from information obtained from the natives, it is probable that its whole length exceeds 500 m. It is navigable to near Medina (med-ee/-na), in about 14° W. Lon., a distance, by water, of perhaps 250 m. from its mouth.

GAND. See GHENT.

GANGES, gan'-jèz, (Hindoo Gun'-ga,) a large r. of India, the two

Fate, far, fall, fât; mè, mét; pine or pine, pin; nó, nôt ; ðõ as in good, principal branches of which rise in the Himalaya Mountains, near 31° N. Lat., and between 78° 30′ and 80° E. Lon. One of these, the Bagharet/tee, which is considered the true Ganges, rises from the side of a mountain 13,800 ft. above the level of the sea. In the first part of its course it runs south-westerly, but gradually changes towards the S. E., and, after its union with the Jumna, in about 25° 20′ N. Lat., and 820 E. Lon., it flows easterly, and continues in this direction to near 88° E. Lon., when it again changes to the S. E., and falls into the Bay of Bengal, by many mouths. The whole length of the Ganges is estimated at near 1,500 m. It is navigable, for small boats, almost to its source, during the rainy season, and the greater portion of it is navigable all the year round, but not for vessels of the same size. Even some of the principal branches are impassable for large boats during six months of the year.-Adj. GANGETIC, gan-jet/-ik.

GAP, gåp, a city in the S. E. part of France, cap. of the dep. of Upper Alps. It had, in the 16th century, more than twice its present number of inhabitants. Lat. 44° 34′ N., Lon. 6° 5' E. Pop. 7,000. (B.)

GARD, gaR, a dep. in the S. of France, bordering on the Mediterranean and the r. Rhone. Pop. 366,259. (B.) Capital, Nîmes.

GARDA, gar/-då, LAKE OF, (Anc. Bena/cus,) the largest lake in Italy, situated between 45° 26′ and 45° 56′ N. Lat., and 10° 32′ and 10° 50′ E. Lon. Its length is about 35 m.; its greatest breadth about 10 m. The r. Mincio forms its outlet. A steamboat plies between Desenzano (da-sen-za-no) on its S. coast, and Riva (ree/-vå) at its N. extremity, in Tyrol.

GARDON, gaR -don', a small r. in the S. of France, which intersects the dep. of Gard, and flows into the Rhone. Over the valley of this stream is the celebrated Pont du Gard (pon dü GaR), a magnificent Roman aqueduct, 895 ft. long, and about 160 ft. above the waters of the river, which was constructed for the purpose of supplying the ancient Nemausus (now Nîmes) with water from the fountain of Aure.

Gard'-iner, a flourishing t. of Maine, in Kennebeck co., situated on the r. Kennebeck, about 8 m. S. of Augusta. Pop. of the township, 5,042.

GARFAGNANA, gar-fån-yå/-nå, a highland dist. of the northern Apennines, situated on the borders of the states of Tuscany, Genoa, and Modena.

GARIGLIANO, gå-reel-ya'-no, a small r. of Naples, which flows into the Mediterranean, about 10 m. E. of Gaëta.

GAR-ONNE (the Garum'na of the Romans), a r. in the S. W. part of France, which rises a little beyond the frontier, in the kingdom of Spain, and, flowing in a north-westerly direction, unites with the Dordogne, about 15 m. below Bordeaux, to form the Gironde. Its length is about 360 m. It is navigable above 200 m., though there are many impediments in the upper part of its course.

GARONNE, UPPER, (Fr. Haute Garonne, öte gå`-ronn',) a dep. in the