ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng; G like j. S. of France, intersected by the r. Garonne. Pop. 454,727. Capital, Toulouse.

GAR-RARD, a Co. in the E. central part of Ky., bordering on the r. Kentucky. Pop. 10,480. Co. t. Lancaster.

GAR-ROWS, a mountainous dist. bordering on the N. E. frontier of Bengal, tributary to the British.

GAS -CO-NADE, a r. of Mo., which flows into the Missouri r.

GASCONADE, & co. in the E. central part of Mo., intersected by the above, and bordering on the Missouri r. Pop. 5,330. Co. t. Mount Sterling.

GAS-CO-NY, (Fr. Gascogne, gås'-coñ',) formerly a prov. in the S.W. part of France, now constituting the deps. of the Upper Pyrenees, Gers, and Landes, and part of the Lower Pyrenees, Upper Garonne, Lot and Garonne, and Ariège.—Adj. and inhab. GAS'-CON.

GASPE, gas-pà, a co. of Lower Canada, surrounding a bay of the same name in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Lat. of the latter, about 48° 47 N., Lon. 64° 20′ W.

GATES, a co. in the N. E. part of N. C., bordering on Va. and the Chowan r. Pop. 8,161. Co. t. Gatesville.

GATESHEAD. See NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

GA-ZA, an ancient t. of Palestine, situated near the borders of the desert which separates this country from Egypt, about 3 m. from the Mediterranean. Lat. 31° 27′ N., Lon. 34° 27' E. Pop. between 3,000 and 4,000. (P. C.)

GE-AU-GA, a co. near the N. E. extremity of Ohio. Pop. 16,297. Co. t. Chardon.

GEEL, gheel, (Dutch pron. Hale,) a t. of Belgium, in the prov. of Antwerp, remarkable for the great number of persons afflicted with insanity, who are sent thither from the surrounding country, to board in private families. The inhabitants, generally speaking, appear to pos sess great skill in the treatment of this malady, which forms the principal part of their occupation. Lat. 51° 10' N., Lon. 4° 58′ E. Pop. about 7,000. (P. C.)

GEFLE, yev-l, a seaport t. of Sweden, situated at the mouth of a little stream which flows into the Baltic, important on account of its commerce, its dock-yards, and the number of its merchant vessels. It is regarded as the third seaport of Sweden. Here is a celebrated gymnasium. Lat. 60° 40′ N., Lon. 17° 8' E. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

GEL-DERS OF GUELDERS, (Dutch, Geldern, Hel'-dern,) called also GELDER-LAND, a prov. in the E. part of Holland, bordering on the Prussian dominions. The area scarcely exceeds 2,000 sq. m.. Pop. in 1824, 279,226. Capital, Arnhem. The ancient duchy of Gelders was considerably larger than the present province. One division of it, called Upper Gelders, remained subject to Spain after the successful revolt of the maritime provinces of the Netherlands; and a part of this, including the town of Gelders, now belongs to Prussia.

GELDERS OF GELDERN, a small t. and once an important fortress of the Prussian dominions, in the circle of Düsseldorf, 48 m. N. W. of

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mit; pine or pine, pln; n', nôt; õõ as in good; Cologne. From it the above-mentioned duchy took its name. Lat. 51° 31' Ñ., Lon. 6° 19' E. Pop. 3,600. (B.)

GEN-E-SEE', a r. which rises in Pa., and, flowing across the W. part of N. Y., empties itself into L. Ontario. Its whole length is about 125 m.

GENESEE, a co. in the N. W. part of N. Y., a little to the W. of the above r. Pop. 59,587. Co. t. Batavia.

GENESEE, a co. in the S. E. central part of Mich., S. of Saginaw Bay. Pop. 4,268. Co. t. Flint.

GEN-ES-E-O, the seat of justice of Livingston co., N. Y., situated on the r. Genesee, about 25 m. S. by W. of Rochester.

GEN-E-VA, (Ger. Genf, ghenf; Fr. Genève, zhen-ave'; It. Ginevra, jin-a/-vrå,) a celebrated city of Switzerland, the cap. of a canton of the same name, situated on both sides of the Rhone, where it issues from L. Leman. The larger part of the town is on the S side, but a portion is built on an island in the river, which is joined to the two banks by bridges. A smaller island, at the very point where the Rhone issues from the lake, is planted with trees, and forms a public promenade. A handsome suspension bridge has recently been thrown across the river. The town is regularly fortified, with ramparts, ditches, and bastions. As a seat of learning, Geneva holds a distinguished rank among the European cities. Its academy, or rather university, founded by Calvin, has the four faculties of theology, law, science, and belles lettres, with forty professors. The Botanic Garden is considered as the first establishment of the kind in Switzerland. Our limits will not permit us to mention even the principal among its numerous literary and scientific institutions; yet we may briefly notice the various collections in the sciences of mineralogy, entomology, botany, &c., especially the botanical library, and the magnificent herbarium of M. De Candolle, which contains not less than 58,000 different species, and may be regarded as the finest collection of the kind which has ever been made. The manufacturing industry of Geneva is chiefly directed to the construction of clocks and watches, and to works in jewelry. It would be difficult to name another town of equal size which has produced so many distinguished persons as Geneva; among these may be mentioned Saus sure, Rousseau, Madame de Stäel, and Sismondi. Geneva is one of the oldest cities in Western Europe, and is mentioned under its present name, in Cæsar's Commentaries on the Gallic war. (Lib. I., 7 and 8.) After the reformation, it became, under the auspices of John Calvin, one of the principal rallying points of the reformed communion, so as to be styled by some "the Rome of the Protestants." Much of its present moral and intellectual elevation must be ascribed to the strong impression which Calvin stamped upon it three centuries ago. The Ob servatory is in 46° 11' 59" N. Lat., and 6° 9′22′′ E. Lon. Pop. in 1834, 27,177. (P. C.)-Adj. and inhab. ĢEN`-E-VEŞE'.

GENEVA, CANTON OF, occupies the S. W. extremity of Switzerland. The area is computed at about 93 sq.m. The entire pop. in 1834

ou, as in our ; th, as in thin; TH, as in this ; N, nearly like ng; G like J. amounted to 56,655. (P. C.) This is the smallest canton of the Swiss confederation.

GENEVA, LAKE OF. See LEMAN.

GENEVA, a village of N. Y., beautifully situated at the N. end of Seneca Lake. Pop. about 3,000.

GENEVIEVE (jen'-e-veev') ST., a co. in the E. S. E. part of Mo., bordering on the Mississippi. Pop. 3,148. Co. t. St. Genevieve.

*

GEN-O-A (the Gen/ua of the ancient Romans; It. Genova, jen'-o-vå; Fr. Gênes, zhain); an archiepiscopal city in the N. W. part of Italy, formerly the cap. of the celebrated republic of this name, situated at the foot of the Northern Apennines, in the recess of a wide gulf on the Mediterranean, to which it gives its name. It is strongly fortified on the land side, being enclosed by a double line of fortifications. Though, in general, irregularly and badly built, it contains many fine edifices; the palace Durazzo, and that of Andrew Doria are among the most remarkable. Genoa has several important literary and scientific institutions; the University, with its twenty-nine professors, the Academy of Fine Arts, and the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, are perhaps the most deserving notice. The territory of the old republic now forms a part of the kingdom of Sardinia, under the name of the duchy of Genoa. The climate of this region is healthy, and the atmosphere remarkably pure. The Genoese are a shrewd, active, frugal, industrious, and still eminently commercial people. The town is in Lat. 44° 25' N., Lon. 8° 58′ E. Pop. above 80,000. (B.)— Adj. and inhab. GEN-O-ESE.

GEORGE, LAKE, a lake in the E. N. E. part of N. Y., situated between the counties of Washington and Warren; it is 33 m. in length, and about 2 in breadth. Its outlet, which is 3 m. long, flows into Lake Champlain. It is studded with small islands, and its waters are remarkably pure and transparent: these circumstances, together with the wild and lofty hills by which it is surrounded, render it almost unequalled for picturesque and romantic beauty.

GEORGE, ST., (Port. Sam Jorge, soung zhor/-zhà,) an i. of the Azores, intersected by the parallel of 38° 30′ N. Lat., and the 28th meridian of W. Lon. Length above 30 m.; mean breadth only 4 or 5 m.

GEORGE-TOWN, formerly STABROEK (stål-brook), the cap. of British Guiana, situated near the mouth of the r. Demerara. It formerly belonged to the Dutch. Lat. about 6° 48′ N., Lon. 58° 7′ W. Pop. about 10,000. (B.)

GEORGETOWN, a dist. in the S. E. part of S. C., intersected by the Great Pedee r., and bordering on the sea. Pop. 18,274. Co. t. George

town.

GEORGETOWN, a port of entry, cap. of the above situated on Winyaw Bay, at the mouth of the Great Pedee r. Lat. 33° 21' N., Lon

79° 17′ W. Pop. estimated at about 2,000.

* See Introduction, I.

Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pin; nò, nôt; õõ, as in good;

GEORGETOWN, a t. and port of entry of Washington co., in the Dist. of Columbia, situated at the confluence of Rock Creek with the Potomac, 23 m. above the capitol. Pop. 7,312.

GEORGIA, jor'-je-a, (called by the Russians Grusia, groo/-se-å,) a considerable country of Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian, and extending from 38° 18′ to 43° 52' N. Lat., and from 39° 43 to 50° 14' E. Lon. These, however, are to be understood as the limits of the Russian prov. of this name. Georgia Proper is considerably less extensive. There is some diversity among geographers respecting its boundaries; but it appears to have included originally nearly the whole of the southern declivity of the Caucasus, from the Caspian to the Black Sea. The origin of the name is unknown: some derive it from the r. Koor (Kur), which intersects nearly the whole extent of this fine country. The Persians call it Goorgistan. The climate of Georgia is mild and, in general, very healthy. The Georgian girls, like those of Circassia, are celebrated for their beauty, though their complexion is said to be less delicate, and their figure less graceful. This country produces many excellent fruits, among which are peaches, apricots, and figs. The vines are abundant, and of a good quality; the wine that is made from them is mostly sent to Persia. The pop. of Georgia Proper is estimated at 300,000. (M. B.) Capital, Tiflis.-Adj. and inhab. GEOR'-GI-AN.

GEORGIA, one of the thirteen original U. S., between 30° 21' and 35° N. Lat., and 81° and 85° 50′ W. Lon; bounded on the N. by North Carolina and Tennessee, N. E. by South Carolina, E. and S. E. by the Atlantic, S. by Florida, and W. by Alabama; and divided into 93 counties.* Length, from N. to S., about 300 m.; greatest breadth, from E. to W., near 250 m. The area is estimated at 62,000 sq. m. Pop. 691,392, of whom 407,695 are whites, 2,753 free coloured, and 280,944 slaves. Milledgeville is the seat of government.

GERA, gàl-rå, a t. of Germany, the seat of government for the Reuss principalities, which are on the W. border of Saxony. It is also the seat of a Protestant consistory. Lat. 50° 53′ N., Lon. 12° 4' E. Pop. about 9,000. (B.)

GER-MAIN, SAINT, (Fr. pron. sẵn ZhẻR`-mân'), a town of France, in the dep. of Seine and Oise, situated on the left bank of the Seine, about 14 m. W. by N. from Paris, with which it is connected by a rail

Appling, Baker, Baldwin, Bibb, Bryan, Bullock, Burke, Butts, Camden, Campbell, Carroll, Cass, Chatham, Chattooga, Cherokee, Clarke, Cobb, Columbia, Coweta, Crawford. Dade, Decatur, De Kalb, Dooly, Early, Effingham, Elbert, Emanuel, Fayette, Floyd, Forsyth, Franklin, Gilmer, Glynn, Green, Gwinnett, Habersham, Hall, Hancock, Harris, Heard, Henry, Houston, Irwin, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jones, Laurens, Lee, Liberty, Lincoln, Lowndes, Lumpkin, Macon, Madison, Marion, Mc Intosh, Meriwether, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan. Murray, Muscogee, Newton, Oglethorpe, Paulding, Pike, Pulaski, Putnam, Rabun, Randolph, Richmond, Scriven, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taliaferro, Tatnall, Telfair, Thomas, Troup, Twiggs, Union, Upson, Walker, Walton, Ware, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Wilkes, Wilkinson.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng; G, like j. road. It was formerly a favourite residence of the French kings. The forest of St. Germain, in the vicinity, is still a frequent resort of the royal family, with their hunting parties. To distinguish it from other places of this name, the town is often called St. Germain en laye (ån la), i. e. "in the lane or passage," probably referring to its position on one of the roads leading to the forest. Pop. in 1831, 10,671. (P. C.) GERMAN OCEAN. See NORTH SEA.

GER-MA-NY (Lat. Germania; Ger. Deutschland, doich'-lånt; Fr. Allemagne, all-måñ'); an extensive country of Europe, situated between 45° 30′ and 55° 50′ N. Lat., and 4° 45′ and 22° 54' E. Lon. These limits have reference to all the territories comprised in the Germanic confederation, including some districts which do not belong to Germany Proper; e. g. Luxemburg, and Friuli. According to the more strict application of the name, Germany is bounded on the N. by the Baltic, E. by Poland, Galicia, and Hungary, S. by Croatia, Illyria, Italy, and Switzerland, and W. by France, Belgium, and Holland. Its length, from the Netherlands to the E. part of Prussia, is upwards of 700 m.; its breadth is very unequal; measuring from N. to S., from the Baltic to the southern limit of Tyrol, it amounts to near 600 m. The area is stated at 284,000 sq. m. Before the French Revolution, the German empire was divided into nine circles; namely, those of Austria, Bavaria, and Suabia, in the S.; Franconia, Upper Rhine, and Lower Rhine, in the middle; and Westphalia, Upper Saxony, and Lower Saxony, in the N. Other countries, however, were considered as forming parts of the empire, of which the principal were Bohemia, Silesia, Moravia, and Lusatia. The present Germanic confederation, as established by an act of the Congress of Vienna, on the 8th of June, 1815, consists of thirty-eight independent states. The central point and organ of the confederation is the Federative Diet, which sits at Frankfort on the Main. It exercises its authority in a double form: 1st, as a general assembly, termed Plenum; and, 2dly, as a minor council, called the Federative Diet Ordinary. The Plenum meets only when an affair relating to all the confederation is to be decided. It has seventy votes, of which four belong to Austria, and as many to each of the five German kingdoms; the other states, according to their respective importance, have three, two or one vote each. The Federative Diet Ordinary possesses in all seventeen votes, out of which eleven principal states have each a single vote, and the remaining twenty-seven only six joint votes. Austria presides in both assemblies, and decides in case of equality. The objects of the Germanic confederation are mutual defence against a common enemy, and the preservation of internal security and peace among the confederated states, which have no right to declare war on each other, but must submit their differences to the decision of the Diet. The following is a list of the states, with the number of votes which each possesses in the general assembly.

J States having each four votes:

1. Austria,

2. Prussia,

3. Bavaria,

4. Saxony,

5. Hanover, ́
6. Würtemberg.