Fate, får, fall, fất; mẻ, mét; pine or pine, pin; nồ, nốt; öõ as in good,

HōLT, a co. forming the N. W. extremity of Mo. Pop. 3,957. HOLYHEAD, hol/-e-hed`, a seaport t. of Wales, situated on a small island of the same name, at the western extremity of the island of Anglesey, with which it is connected by a suspension bridge of cast iron. It is the station of the post-office packets, which sail daily between this port and Dublin. Lat. 53° 19′ N., Lon. 4° 37′ W. Pop. 3,869.

HOL-Y-WELL, a flourishing manufacturing t. of Wales, in Flintshire, situated near the S. side of the estuary of the r. Dee, about 10 m. E. of St. Asaph. The machinery belonging to the manufacturing establishments of this place, is for the most part worked by a stream which issues from the Holy Well of St. Winifred, once so celebrated for the healing virtue of its waters. This spring boils up out of the rock with violence, as from a cauldron, and is said to discharge above 20 tons of water in a minute. It was formerly resorted to by a great number of pilgrims. Pop. of the parish, 10,834.

HOMBURG. See HESSE-HOMBURG.

HōMS OF HUMS (Anc. Em/esa), a decayed t. of Syria, situated near the Orontes. Lat. 34° 50' N., Lon. 36° 39′ E.

HONDA, on/-då, a t. of S. America, in New Granada, situated on the r. Magdalena. Lat. 5° 12′ N., Lon. 74° 53′ W. Pop. estimated at above 5,000. (B.)

HONDURAS, hon-doo/-rås, one of the states of Central America, situated S. of, and bordering on the Bay of Honduras. Comayagua is the capital.

HONDURAS, BAY OF, is situated on the E. coast of Central America, between the Cape of Honduras, near 16° N. Lat. and 86° W. Lon., and Cape Catoche (kå-to-chà), in about 21° 35′ N. Lat., and 87° W. Lon. HONFLEUR, ON`-flUR', a seaport t. of France, in the dep. of Calvados, situated on the left bank of the Seine, almost at its mouth. Lat. 49° 25' N., Lon. 0° 14′ E. Pop. in 1832, 8,409. (P. C.)

HONITON, hun/-e-tọn, a small t. of England, in Devonshire, 16 m. E. by N. from Exeter. Pop. of the parish, 3,895.

HONOLULU. See ОAHU.

HOOG'-Ly, an important arm of the Ganges, on which Calcutta is situated. It is navigable for ships only as far as the tide reaches; that is, about 30 m. above Calcutta. Near this town, its breadth is about three-quarters of a mile, but at its mouth it amounts to near 10 m.

HOORN, hörn, an important seaport t. of North Holland, the cap. of a dist. of the same name, with the best harbour on the Zuyder Zee. Lat. 52° 38′ N., Lon. 5° 1' E. Pop. 10,000. (B.)

HOP/-KINS, a co. in the W. part of Ky., bordering on Green r. Pop. 12,441. Co. t. Madisonville.

HORN, CAPE. See CAPE HORN.

HOR/-RY, a dist. forming the E. extremity of S. C. Pop..7,646. Sea of justice, Conwayborough.

HORS-HAM, a small t. of England, in Sussex, 33 m. S. by W. from London.

HORTA. See FAYAL.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like 1.g. HOT SPRING, a large co. in the W. part of Ark. Pop. 3,609. Co. t. Hot Spring.

HOT/-TEN-TOTS, a people of S. Africa, inhabiting the country bordering on the Cape Colony. They are represented as a mild, timid people, perfectly harmless, honest, faithful, and capable of strong attachment. They are a good-natured, and, on the whole, a good-looking race, having, many of them, finely-formed foreheads and prominent features. Their hands and feet are remarkably small, while their limbs are in general well proportioned. Their great defect, or rather vice, is indolence, accompanied by its almost inseparable attendants, degradation and filth. The male Hottentots go nearly naked; the females wear an apron attached to a girdle round the waist, which, however, does not reach to the knees. Their dress is formed of the skin of some animal, commonly of sheep-skin. They lead a wandering life, living chiefly on the milk of their cattle. Their huts are constructed of mats stretched over a frame of sticks, in the shape of a bee-hive, and are easily removed on their pack-oxen, as they migrate from place to place. But few, however, of the tribes have preserved their independence and their original customs, unaltered by the neighbourhood of European civilization, and, we may add, of European vice and cruelty. The state of servitude to which many of these people were formerly subjected, particularly by the Dutch colonists, appears to have nearly deprived them of the little energy and spirit which they derived from nature, and to have greatly reduced the number of those dwelling within the limits of the colony. It is, however, proper to state that slavery was abolished, in this part of the British possessions, by an act which went into operation on August 1st, 1834. Some of the Hottentots, especially the Griguas or Griquas (gree/-quas), have made considerable progress in civilization, which they owe to the missionaries established among them.

HOUSATONIC, hoo`-sa-ton/-ik, a r. which rises in Mass., and, flowing southward through Conn., falls into Long Island Sound, about 14 m. S. W. of New Haven.

HOUSTON, hews'-ton, a co. in the S. central part of Ga., bordering on the r. Ocmulgee. Pop. 16,450. Co. t. Perry.

HOUSTON, a t., formerly the cap. of Texas, on a small creek which flows into Galveston Bay. Lat. about 30° N., Lon. 95° 30′ W. Pop. estimated at 6,000.

How/-ARD, a co. in the N. central part of Mo., bordering on the r. Missouri. Pop. 13,969. Co. t. Fayette.

HUD'-DERS-FIELD, an important manufacturing t. of England, in the W. Riding of Yorkshire, 24 m. N. W. of Sheffield. It is situated on the Huddersfield Canal, by which it is put in communication with all the principal places of the kingdom. Where this canal passes under Stanedge Hill, there is a tunnel, which is 5,451 yards (above 3 m.) in length, and in one place 222 yards below the surface. The manufactures of Huddersfield are chiefly in woollen. The pop. of this t. in

Fate, far, fall, fât; mẻ, mét; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nốt; oõ as in good

1811 was only 9,671 (E. G.); in 1841 it amounted to 25,068. It includes an area of about 6 sq. m.

HUD-SON or NORTH RIVER, one of the finest and most important rivers in the U. S., which rises in the N. E. part of N. Y., and, flowing nearly due S. in its general course, communicates with the Atlantic, about 10 m. below New York. Its whole length is estimated at about 300 m. It is navigable for the largest ships to the city of Hudson, about 130 m., and for sloops to Troy, 166 m.

HUDSON, a city of N. Y., the cap. of Columbia co., is situated on the E. bank of the Hudson, at the head of ship navigation, 130 m. above New York. Lat. 42° 14' N., Lon. 73° 46′ W. Pop. 6,286.

HUDSON, a co. in the N. E. part of N. J., bordering on the Hudson r. Pop. 21,821. Co. t. Jersey City.

HUDSON'S BAY, a large bay, extending from the Atlantic westward nearly into the centre of British N. America, is situated between 51° and 64° N. Lat., and 76° and 95° 30′ W. Lon. Its length, from S. S. E. to N. N. W., is nearly 1000 m.; its greatest breadth, from E. to W., about 600 m. It is connected with the Atlantic by Hudson's Strait, which is more than 300 m. long, and in its narrowest part is perhaps about 60 m. wide. The southern part, extending from about 51° to 55° N. Lat., is called James's Bay.

HUELVA, well-vå, a seaport t. of Spain, in Andalusia, the cap. of a prov. of the same name, is situated on a little bay projecting from the Atlantic. Lat. 37° 15′ N., Lon. 6° 49′ W. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

HUESCA, wes/-cả, (Anc. Os/ca,) a t. of Spain, in Aragon, chiefly remarkable for its university. Lat. 42° 6' N., Lon. 0° 19′ W. Pop. 9,200. (M.)

HULL, or KINGS/-TON-UPON-HULL, an important seaport t. of England, in the E. Riding of Yorkshire, on the N. side of the estuary of the Humber, where it is joined by the r. Hull, 34 m. S. E. of York. This town communicates, by means of canals and railways, with York, Manchester, Liverpool, and all the other principal places of England. Its docks and basins are considered as among the finest in the kingdom. It is the great entrepôt of the commerce of the N. of England, and of that which this country carries on with the northern parts of Europe. The prosperity of this place has been greatly increased by the progress of steam navigation, of which it may be considered as the second great centre on the eastern coast. Hull forms a co. of itself, which contains an area of about 18 sq. m. Lat. 53° 45′ N., Lon. 0° 20′ W. Pop. of the town, 41,629; of the co., exclusive of the town, 3,544.

HULST, a small fortified t. of Holland, in Zealand. Lat. 51° 17′ N., Lon. 4° 3' E.

HUM-BER, a r. or estuary in the N. E. part of England, formed principally by the junction of the Ouse and the Trent. At its commencement, the Humber is rather more than a mile wide, but where it joins the sea it is above seven miles in breadth. Its whole length is near 40 m.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. HUMPHREYS, um'-frez, a co. in the N. W. part of Tenn., E. of, and bordering on the Tennessee r. Pop. 6,422. Co. t. Reynoldsburg.

HUNGARY, hung/-ga-re, (Hung. Magyar-Ország, mod-yŎR OR-sååg; Ger. Ungarn, ŏŏng/-garn ;) an extensive country of Europe, forming a part of the Austrian empire, situated between 44° 28′ and 49° 36′ N. Lat., and 16° and 25° E. Lon.; bounded on the N. and N. E. by Moravia and Galicia, E. by Transylvania, S. by Turkey, Slavonia and Croatia, and W. by Styria and Austria. Its extreme length, from E. to W. is about 420 m.; the greatest breadth, from N. to S., is about 330 m. The area is computed at 78,822 sq. m. Pop. uncertain, but estimated at upwards of 10,000,000. (M.) The kingdom of Hungary includes, besides Hungary Proper, Slavonia, Croatia, and several districts of less importance. The government is called a limited monarchy, but aristocracy is predominant, and the nobles have great power, while the great mass of the peasantry are in a state of extreme degradation. The kingdom of Hungary formerly included, besides its present territories, Transylvania, Dalmatia, and the Military Frontier; which countries, since their annexation to the crown of Austria, still go under the general name of the Hungarian dominions. The name, Hungary, is derived from the Hunni or Huns, a people of Asiatic origin, who invaded and took possession of the country immediately N. of the Danube, towards the close of the fourth century, during the reign of the Roman emperor Valens. The present Hungarians, however, are the descendants of the Magyars, another Asiatic nation, who established themselves here in the ninth century, whence the country is called Magyar-Ország, i. e. the "land of the Magyars."-Adj. and inhab. HUNGARIAN, hung-gal-re-an.

HUNTER-DON, a co. in the N. W. part of N. J., bordering on the Delaware r. Pop. 28,989. Co. t. Flemington.

HUNT-ING-DON, a t. of England, the cap. of Huntingdonshire, is situated on the r. Ouse, about 60 m. N. of London. Pop. 3,507.

HUNTINGDON, a co. in the S. central part of Pa., on the head streams of the Juniata. Pop. 24,786. Co. t. Huntingdon.

HUNT-ING-DON-SHIRE, a co. in the E. central part of England, intersected by the r. Ouse. Pop. 58,549.

HUNT-ING-TON, a co. in the N. E. part of Ind., intersected by the Wabash and Erie Canal. Pop. 7,850. Co. t. Huntington.

HUNTS/-VILLE, a flourishing t. in the N. part of Ala., cap. of Madison co., situated at the termination of the Huntsville Canal, which communicates with the Tennessee r., and is about 16 m. long. Lat. 34° 36′ N., Lon. 86° 57′ W. Pop. 2,863.

HURD-WAR', a t. of Hindostan, celebrated as one of the principal places of Hindoo pilgrimage, and the seat of the greatest fair in India. It is said that sometimes above a million pilgrims are assembled here at once. Lat. 29° 57′ N., Lon. 78° 2′ E.

HU-RON, a large lake of N. America, lying between 43° and 46° 15 N. Lat., and 80° and 83° 40′ W. Lon. Its length, from S. S. E. to N. N. W., following the curve, is about 260 m.; its greatest breadth

Fate, får, fall, fât; mẻ, mét; pine or pine, pin; nó, nót; oo as in good :

from E. to W., exclusive of Georgian Bay, is near 100 m. near 100 m. Area estimated at about 19,000 sq. m. The greatest depth is at least 1000 ft. Lake Huron is divided into two unequal portions by a long peninsula and the Manitoulin chain of islands; the parts to the N. and E. are called North Channel and Georgian Bay.

HURON, a co. in the N. part of Ohio, near Lake Erie. Pop. 26,203. Co. t. Norwalk.

Huy, hoi, a.t. of Belgium, on the Meuse, 20 m. S. W. of Liege. Pop. 7,000. (B.)

HYDE, a co. in the E. part of N. C., on Pamlico Sound. Pop. 7,636. Co. t. Lake Landing.

HYDERABAD, hil-der-a-båd', or HYDRABAD, a city of Hindostan, the cap. of a prov. of the same name. Lat. 17° 22′ N., Lon. 78° 35′ E. Pop., including the suburbs, estimated at above 200,000. (B.)

HYDERABAD, a fortified t. of Hindostan, in Sinde, cap. of a principality of the same name, is situated in the delta of the Indus, about 90 m. from the sea. Lat. 25° 22′ N., Lon. 68° 41′ E. Pop. estimated at 20,000. (B.)

HYTHE, hiтH, a t., and one of the Cinque Ports, of England, in Kent, situated on the Strait of Dover, about 60 m. E. S. E. of London, and 10 m. W. S. W. of Dover. Pop. 2,265.

IAROSLAV. See YAROSLAF.

IBARRA, e-bảr'-rå, a t. of S. America, in Ecuador, 50 m. N. E. of Quito. Lat. 0° 21' N., Lon. 78° 18′ W. Pop. estimated at 10,000. (B.) I-BER-VILLE, a parish in the S. E. central part of Louisiana, intersected by the Mississippi r. Pop. 12,214. Seat of justice, Iberville.

ICE/-LAND (IS/-land in the native language), a large i. in the N. Atlantic, belonging to Denmark, situated between 63° 30′ and 66° 40′ N. Lat., and 16° and 24° 30′ W. Lon. Its extreme length is about 250 m.; its greatest breadth about 200 m. The area is vaguely estimated at 40,000 sq. m. The pop. in 1834 was 56,000. (M.) The interior of Iceland is a dreary desert, without a single inhabitant. One mass of icy mountains, called Klofa Jökul (yö/-kul), in the S. E. part of the island, is said to have an extent of not less than 3000 sq. m. The rocks and mountains of this country appear to be chiefly of volcanic origin. In the year 1783, a mountain named Skaptar Jökul poured forth an immense quantity of lava, which destroyed no fewer than 20 villages and 9,000 people, amounting to more than one-fifth of the then population of the island. It was estimated that the whole of the lava dis charged would be sufficient to cover an area of 1,400 sq. m. to the depth of 150 ft. Hecla, a celebrated volcanic mountain in the S. W. part of Iceland, about 30 m. from the sea, is 5,530 ft. in height. The Oeräfe Jökul is the loftiest mountain in Iceland, of which any accurate measurement has been made, having an elevation of 6,650 ft. (B.) Among the most remarkable natural curiosities of this country are the Geysers (gil-sers) boiling springs, or rather water-volcanoes. One of these, called the Great Geyser, is said sometimes to project its contents